跟踪接收机相位误差与天线跟踪误差关系的分析

在单脉冲自跟踪系统中，跟踪接收机作为核心控制单元，对天线的伺服跟踪性能起着关键作用。文章分析了船载卫通站在单脉冲跟踪方式下，跟踪接收机在解调跟踪误差信号时，因参考频率源与中频载波相位不一致而引入的误差对天线跟踪的影响，以及它在校相时的应用。     

GPS接收机PLL与卡尔曼跟踪环路性能分析

本文重点研究传统 PLL 环路和卡尔曼跟踪环路理论性能分析方法,理论上分析比较两种跟踪环路的跟踪灵敏度和动态应力性能,并通过 GPS 软件接收机仿真验证得出结论,相对于 PLL 环路,卡尔曼跟踪环路灵敏度最大可提高 3dB 左右,动态性能最大可提高 27g/s 左右。     

全数字延时锁定环及其应用

介绍了一种区别于锁相环(PLL)和基于压控延迟线(VCDL)的延时锁定环(DLL)、全部由纯数字电路实现的DLL电路.该电路用于消除时钟时延,全数字的结构使其无条件稳定,不会累积相位误差,而且具有良好的噪声敏感度、较低的功耗和抖动性能.使其在时延补偿和时钟调整的应用中具有优势,并可全部嵌入单个芯片中.文中分析了全数字DLL的工作原理及其结构,给出了其在现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)中的应用.     

非相干延时锁定环及其性能分析

给出了一种新的基于相关特性的非相干延时锁定方案,推导了其数学模型,并分析了存在多普勒频移时的捕获跟踪性能。     

一种用于产生多相时钟的延时锁定环

分析并实现了一种用于产生多相时钟的延时锁定环电路。利用重复延时线和周期检测器,避免了复位信号和错误锁定的问题;采用信号路径对称的鉴相器,减小了抖动;使用电流舵技术,提高了电荷泵的开关速度。基于SMIC 0.18μm CMOS工艺,实现了一种产生32相时钟的延时锁定环,芯片核心尺寸为0.7mm×0.55mm,参考时钟频率范围为20~150MHz。仿真结果显示,在输入参考时钟频率为60MHz时,最长锁定时间为1.9μs,抖动为1ps,1.8V电源电压下的功耗为31.5mW。     

DRM发射机包络和相位延时分析

当前的模拟调幅广播发射机颁进行相应的调整才能发射数字调幅广播（DRM）,其中,包络和相位两路的延时对发射机有较大影响,该问题是模拟调幅发射机数字化改造过程中的关键性问题,必须得到解决。本文通过理论分析及软件仿真论述了DRM发射机包络和相位司延时对射频信号的影响。     

星载统一测控载波跟踪环相位噪声分析

为了保证测速和测距精度,有效手段之一是在星载统一测控应答机上采用嵌套环路结构的载波跟踪环完成相干载波提取。由于利用了相干本振补偿多普勒频移,必须考虑输入相位噪声对本振相位噪声的影响。为了准确预测环路输出相位噪声性能,对环路中各部件贡献的相位噪声进行了分析。针对不同噪声源,运用信号流图的分析方法建立了对应的环路相位噪声模型,通过仿真计算得到了不同输入信号功率条件下的环路输出相位噪声功率谱,与实际电路的测试结果对比,证明了该环路相位噪声模型的准确性。应用该模型能提高环路设计的准确性和效率。     

一种新型混合信号时钟延时锁定环电路设计

给出了数字时钟管理器(DCM)中的一种新型时钟延时锁定环电路(Clock Delay Locked Loop)的设计,为高速同步数据采集系统提供可靠的时钟解决方案。该电路设计是基于延时锁定环(DLL)原理上,采用混合信号电路设计方案来实现。设计中的数字电路控制模块,通过对改进后的电荷泵中的附加开关工作时间的精确控制来实现对输入时钟信号所需延时的精确控制,从而得到所需的延时。该电路不会累积相位误差,具有良好的噪声敏感度。电路采用0.18μm的CMOS工艺,工作电压1.5V,可管理的时钟信号最高频率为360MHz,延时范围为1T,延时精度为T/32。     

光纤激光器的相位锁定及高相干功率输出

利用自成像共振腔和空间滤波器实现了两个不同长度光纤激光器的相位锁定.观察到稳定的干涉条纹.稳定的相位锁定是由于自成像腔具有适应单个光纤激光器光程变化的自调节能力.相位锁定激光器阵列输出的相干功率达到12.3 W,与此相一致的相干效率为88%.     

基于相位干涉仪测向系统的相位误差分析

介绍了单基线相位干涉仪测向的基本原理,分析了相位干涉仪测向系统相位误差产生的原因,从相位干涉仪测向原理出发阐述了方位面基线倾角和俯仰面基线倾角对相位误差的影响,并给出了其与相位误差的对应关系,提出了一种降低相位误差的设想,在实际工程应用上具有一定的指导意义。     

Noncoherent delay-lock tracking loop for chip-interleaving DS SSsystem

A noncoherent delay-lock loop (DLL) is proposed for code tracking in chip-interleaving (CI) direct sequence (DS) spread spectrum (SS) systems. Analyses show that the proposed loop achieves the same code-tracking performance as the traditional noncoherent DLL does for conventional DS SS systems     

Decision-directed coherent delay-lock tracking loop forDS-spread-spectrum signals

The authors present a nonconventional joint data demodulation-pseudo-noise (PN) code tracking scheme for direct sequence (DS) spread-spectrum (SS) signals which solves problems of component imbalance and sensitivity with hardware simplicity and no performance degradation. An integrate-and-dump Costas loop is used for carrier recovery and data demodulation of the SS signal. Both data and carrier are then used to derive the baseband error signal of the code tracking loop. Moreover, a single passband correlator is used to perform the early-late correlation, leading to a hardware complexity equivalent to that of the tau-dither scheme, but without its loss in performance. Results of a thorough theoretical analysis of the system in an additive Gaussian noise (AWGN) environment are reported. They provide performance curves in terms of steady-state jitter and mean time to first lock loss. A superior jitter performance for low values of E_b/ N₀ with respect to a traditional noncoherent delay lock loop (DLL) is shown, along with the potential gain of Manchester coding upon the more usual NRZ format     

一种改进的高动态GPS载波组合跟踪环路算法

在高动态的接收环境下,GPS接收机接收信号载频上会产生很大的多普勒频移及其变化率,传统的GPS载波跟踪环无法保证可靠的跟踪。在综合分析了常规跟踪方案的利弊后,提出一种新的基于四相鉴频（FQFD）牵引的二阶叉积自动频率控制环（CPAFC）辅助三阶锁相环（PLL）高动态跟踪环路算法。通过美国喷气推进实验室（JPL）高动态载体模型测试表明,该算法在高动态环境下不仅能快速牵入和锁定载波信号,而且在高达100g/s的加加速度作用过程中能持续、精确跟踪,实现导航电文的正常解调。     

一种长时延网络中移动节点间的时间同步算法

长时延网络的同步对于提升网络传输效率,增加网络吞吐量具有重要意义。现有用于长时延网络典型时间同步协议有TSHL,Tri-Message等,这些同步协议都是针对传播时延保持稳定或者保持短时稳定的长时延网络,但在实际情况中,有时传播时延会发生变化,如节点间相对位移的变化,如何在这样的长时延网络中进行时间同步也是一个值得研究的问题,文中提出了一种运用于长时延网络中移动节点间的时间同步算法,利用节点间多次的信息交互计算出传播时延变化的速率,然后对时延变化进行估算来进行时间偏移的补偿以达到时间同步。     

基于CKF的高动态载波跟踪算法研究

CKF是一种新型非线性高斯滤波算法,它依据三阶容积准则,使用数值积分来近似加权高斯积分,无需对非线性模型进行线性化,具有较高的精度和较好的鲁棒性。在传统的锁频加锁相载波跟踪环路的基础上引入了CKF,对载波相位误差、载波频率误差、载波频率变化率误差等参数进行估计,同时将CKF与UKF算法进行了仿真比较。结果表明,在高动态环境中CKF算法对接收机动态信号的跟踪性能优于UKF算法。     

A visual analysis/synthesis feedback loop for accurate face tracking

We propose a novel approach for face tracking, resulting in a visual feedback loop: instead of trying to adapt a more or less realistic artificial face model to an individual, we construct from precise range data a specific texture and wireframe face model, whose realism allows the analysis and synthesis modules to visually cooperate in the image plane, by directly using 2D patterns synthesized by the face model. Unlike other feedback loops found in the literature, we do not explicitly handle the 3D complex geometric data of the face model, to make real-time manipulations possible. Our main contribution is a complete face tracking and pose estimation framework, with few assumptions about the face rigid motion (allowing large rotations out of the image plane), and without marks or makeup on the user's face. Our framework feeds the feature-tracking procedure with synthesized facial patterns, controlled by an extended Kalman filter. Within this framework, we present original and efficient geometric and photometric modelling techniques, and a reformulation of a block-matching algorithm to make it match synthesized patterns with real images, and avoid background areas during the matching. We also offer some numerical evaluations, assessing the validity of our algorithms, and new developments in the context of facial animation. Our face-tracking algorithm may be used to recover the 3D position and orientation of a real face and generate a MPEG-4 animation stream to reproduce the rigid motion of the face with a synthetic face model. It may also serve as a pre-processing step for further facial expression analysis algorithms, since it locates the position of the facial features in the image plane, and gives precise 3D information to take into account the possible coupling between pose and expressions of the analysed facial images.     

基于CORDIC算法的GPS载波跟踪环鉴相器的设计

提出了一种实现GPS载波跟踪环鉴相器的方法,该方法采用CORDIC算法来实现用于鉴相的arctan函数.同时,给出了这种基于CORDIC算法的硬件实现的结构和相应的仿真结果.这种算法结构简单,只需要采用加法和移位操作即可,非常易于硬件实现,并且其仿真结果可以达到GPS的要求.     

Frequency presetting and phase error detection technique for fast-locking phase-locked loop

A frequency presetting and phase error detection technique for a fast-locking phase-locked loop (PLL) is presented. The frequency difference between the reference clock and the divided VCO output clock is detected by the frequency presetting circuit. The frequency-presetting scheme allows the control voltage to be brought close to the target voltage with small initial frequency error. The phase error detector further reduced the locking speed by increasing the bandwidth of PLL through altering the supply current in the charge pump according to the phase error between the reference clock and the divided VCO output clock. The settling time of PLL can be significantly reduced afterwards. The settling time is reduced by 86%. The proposed PLL has been implemented in a 0.35 μm CMOS process, with a supply voltage of 3.3 V.     

采用锁频环和锁相环联合捕获的载波跟踪

针对传统锁频环-锁相环跟踪算法中环路状态转换过渡中出现频率阶跃的问题,提出了一种采用锁频环和锁相环联合捕获的方式替代单一锁频环进行捕获的改进算法,同时对环路状态转换的门限进行了推导。仿真结果表明,改进的算法在转换过程中更加平稳,环路性能得到了优化。在信噪比为-10 dB且存在加加速度时跟踪环路在转换时没有出现频率阶跃,达到了设计目的。     

A per-survivor phase acquisition and tracking algorithm fordetection of TCM signals with phase jitter and frequency error

In this letter we investigate the performance of a per-survivor phase estimation algorithm for detection of trellis-coded modulation (TCM) signals in the presence of phase jitter and frequency error. Phase and frequency estimates are derived based on a second-order phase-locked loop (PLL)-like algorithm. A simplified transient and steady-state analysis of the algorithm recursive equations is derived. A heuristic blind phase acquisition scheme is proposed and shown to achieve good results. Computer simulations are used to compare the algorithm's performance to other methods described in the literature