RISE: A general simulation interoperability middleware container

In recent years, new services on the Internet have enabled global cooperation; in particular, the Web has enabled new distributed simulation technology. Much research has been devoted to develop middleware interoperability methods on the Web. However, most existing methods have constraints in the structural rules that are placed on the design of middleware interoperability methods. For example, such constraints make it difficult to enhance interoperability via decoupling systems implementations and design, which is essential in open computing networks, as in the case of the Web. In order to achieve such objectives we present the RISE (RESTful Interoperability Simulation Environment) middleware. This all-purpose WS-based distributed simulation middleware decouples design and implementation while allowing composition scalability and dynamicity. Furthermore, it supports experiment-oriented frameworks and has the ability to put Web 2.0 services in the simulation loop. RISE is the first existing middleware to achieve such objectives, and the first to employ RESTful Web-services. We present the foundations for meeting the above objectives, and the distinct characteristics of RISE from existing Web-based approaches.     

A layered architecture for flexible Web service invocation

Web service composition is emerging as an interesting approach to integrate business applications and create intra‐organizational business processes. Single Web services are combined to create a complex Web service that will realize the process business logic. Once the process is created, it is executed by an orchestration engine that invokes individual Web services in the correct order. However, Web services composing the workflow sometimes become unavailable during the run‐time phase, blocking process execution. This paper describes an architecture that allows the flexible orchestration of business processes. With this approach, Web services composing the process can be automatically substituted with other compatible Web services during process execution. A methodology is defined to evaluate Web service compatibility based on interface matching, in order to select substitutable Web services. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Web服务组合研究综述

面对激烈竞争并且多变的市场,企业迫切需要企业应用集成和电子商务技术的支持,以便提高自身的竞争力和适应性.Web服务组合是获得上述目标的一个重要途径.对相关基本概念进行了综合定义,概述了该领域的早期研究,从典型研究方向对当前的研究进行了分类介绍并分析指出了各自不足.指出应用对服务组合的具体需求,详细讨论了该领域内的两个关键问题:QoS和语义.最后,对研究进行了总结,并指出了下一步主要的研究方向.     

基于深度优先搜索的Web服务合成算法

本文通过提取Web服务的语义信息,研究了语义Web服务合成问题。Web服务合成的关键是对候选Web服务的输入输出数据关系进行建模,以及有效地利用这些已有的数据依赖关系实现服务合成请求。通过构建Web服务的依赖图,提出了一种基于图论中深度优先搜索的Web服务合成算法,以获取满足特定要求的Web服务。     

A probabilistic approach to modeling and estimating the QoS of web-services-based workflows

Web services promise to become a key enabling technology for B2B e-commerce. One of the most-touted features of Web services is their capability to recursively construct a Web service as a workflow of other existing Web services. The quality of service (QoS) of Web-services-based workflows may be an essential determinant when selecting constituent Web services and determining the service-level agreement with users. To make such a selection possible, it is essential to estimate the QoS of a WS workflow based on the QoSs of its constituent WSs. In the context of WS workflow, this estimation can be made by a method called QoS aggregation. While most of the existing work on QoS aggregation treats the QoS as a deterministic value, we argue that due to some uncertainty related to a WS, it is more realistic to model its QoS as a random variable, and estimate the QoS of a WS workflow probabilistically. In this paper, we identify a set of QoS metrics in the context of WS workflows, and propose a unified probabilistic model for describing QoS values of a broader spectrum of atomic and composite Web services. Emulation data are used to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed approach.     

Intelligent dynamic workflow support for a ubiquitous Web service-based manufacturing environment

The ubiquitous environment is increasingly being considered as a platform for finding and integrating separate distributed services. Individuals or businesses can provide their services in the form of Web services in such a ubiquitous environment, and business processes that integrate such ubiquitous Web services can be formed using workflow technology. Workflow design and execution in such a dynamic and distributed environment needs to be very flexible in terms of incorporating changes. Web services may suddenly become unavailable and backup services may need to be found, or several providers of services may not be identifiable at the design time of the workflow. Therefore, dynamically finding and invoking Web services based on the workflow semantics need to be supported. BPEL4WS is the most popular and promising language among the workflow design languages for Web services. However, one of the problems with BPEL4WS is that it references the fixed WSDL file, which makes the workflow less flexible in dynamic and ubiquitous environments. Another problem is that it limits the amount of resources to only those that are specified. This makes it difficult to support semantics for finding similar or backup services in a ubiquitous network. This paper focuses on extending the BPEL4WS framework to include semantics by adding semantic constructs into WSDL and making use of ontologies in the BPEL4WS engine in order to support dynamic workflows suitable for ubiquitous environments.     

基于任务依赖信息的Web服务自动合成

随着Web服务的大量出现,Web服务的合成成为当前的一个研究热点.然而,目前大多数的合成语言规范,例如BPEL4WS和WSCI,都需要人工预先设计一个固定的执行流程,难以充分发挥Web服务自适应的特点.通过形式化描述单一的Web服务,建立了通过任务间依赖规范实施合成的方法,提出了一种具有柔性和自适应能力的工作流模型,实现Web服务的自动合成.同时,设计了合成的正确性验证算法以及动态补偿机制使提出的模型易于实用.     

分布工作流过程模型及其实现

为构建跨组织分布工作流管理系统,满足现代企业信息分布性、自治性和异构性的要求,提出一种分布的工作流过程模型,基于该模型采用Web Services和JMX技术,构造一个原型系统——CODWfMS,能够实现跨组织同步、异步调用等,实现真正意义上的平台独立和语言独立,并给出相关问题的解决方案。     

语义Web服务安全研究

随着语义Web技术的出现和发展,在大规模、开放、异构的分布式环境中实现Web服务的自动发现、选择,组合、调用和监控成为可能。语义Web服务解决了Web服务的语义描述问题,但也面临着与Web服务一样的安全、隐私和信任等问题。本文分析了Web服务当前面临的主要安全威胁及现有业界安全标准存在的局限性,介绍了安全本体概念并给出了一个基于OWL表示的安全本体例子,最后阐述了语义Web服务应用安全框架中安全服务的语义描述问题,对OWL-S服务本体语言进行扩展,以实现语义安全本体和策略注释。     

Through Personalized Web Service Composition Specification: From BPEL to C-BPEL

Over the last few years, Web services technologies offered a new and successful way for interoperability among web applications. A Web service is a software system designed in a way that other software components and humans can discover and invoke to satisfy different needs. The vision of WS as a software component allows to combine several WS, providing a global value-added WS, called composite WS.Although there are several researches in web services composition, more effort should be focused on its personalization, particularly regarding how well the composition results correspond to what the user really wants. Accordingly, we present in this paper an approach that may contribute to the personalization of web services composition specification. Our approach is a context-based proposal that makes services composition specification more efficient by taking into account both user context, needs, and preferences and web services context, and by integrating them to the composition process. In addition, to permit the reuse of specifications, we enhance BPEL by developing a specification language based on context to be used in composition that we called C-BPEL.     

Putting Web Services in Context

When considering the full range of Web service-related activities, it becomes clear that dealing with context is a major challenge, requiring greater expressiveness, reasoning capabilities, and architectural components than are provided by the current widely accepted building blocks of the Web services stack. This paper presents an informal overview of concepts, requirements and challenges for handling contextual knowledge in connection with Web services, and briefly discusses several interesting projects in this area of research.     

一种基于与或图的语义Web服务自动组合方法研究

单个Web服务提供的功能有限,服务组合成为Web服务应用的一个重要研究方向。提出了一种基于与或图的语义服务自动组合方法。该方法为Web服务引入语义,能将服务搜索空间受限于服务组合与或图中,并能从服务组合与或图中选出最佳组合图,从而达到优化服务组合的目的。仿真实验证明,该方法提高了Web服务组合的成功率和效率。     

基于Internet工作流的复合Web服务框架

实现灵活方便的企业业务集成一直是信息领域的核心问题，也是B2B电子商务应用的关键．为此将Web服务和传统的工作流技术相结合，设计并实现了支持复合Web服务运行和管理的框架WSFlow．给出了WSFlow的总体结构，描述了其中的关键技术，包括Web服务与工作流活动的动态配置和绑定技术，复合Web服务流程的动态修改以及复合Web服务的运行监控等技术．     

METEOR-S WSDI: A Scalable P2P Infrastructure of Registries for Semantic Publication and Discovery of Web Services

Web services are the new paradigm for distributed computing. They have much to offer towards interoperability of applications and integration of large scale distributed systems. To make Web services accessible to users, service providers use Web service registries to publish them. Current infrastructure of registries requires replication of all Web service publications in all Universal Business Registries. Large growth in number of Web services as well as the growth in the number of registries would make this replication impractical. In addition, the current Web service discovery mechanism is inefficient, as it does not support discovery based on the capabilities of the services, leading to a lot of irrelevant matches. Semantic discovery or matching of services is a promising approach to address this challenge. In this paper, we present a scalable, high performance environment for Web service publication and discovery among multiple registries. This work uses an ontology-based approach to organize registries into domains, enabling domain based classification of all Web services. Each of these registries supports semantic publication and discovery of Web services. We believe that the semantic approach suggested in this paper will significantly improve Web service publication and discovery involving a large number of registries. This paper describes the implementation and architecture of the METEOR-S Web Service Discovery Infrastructure, which leverages peer-to-peer computing as a scalable solution.     

基于OWL—S和HTN的Web服务组合原型系统的研究

Web服务是近年发展的一种分布式技术,引起了越来越多研究者的关注。随着网络上Web服务技术描述的信息系统数量的不断增加,将现有的业务流程进行组合以满足较为复杂的业务系统成为当前发展的主要趋势。此外,由于Web服务所处环境的复杂性和动态性,使得Web服务组合任务变得非常困难。因此,Web服务组合逐渐成为语义Web服务领域研究的热点和难点。描述了一个基于OWL—S和HTN的Web服务组合框架,并详细介绍了如何利用HTN规划解决Web服务组合问题的算法思想。通过学生选课服务实验,验证了该方法的可行性。     

动态Web服务组合研究

Web服务作为一种崭新的分布式计算模型,是Web上数据和信息集成的有效机制。动态Web服务组合作为一种灵活、快速集成信息的重要方法,成为开放异构环境中复杂分布应用的新的研究热点。本文首先分析了几种Web服务描述方式并给出了动态Web服务组合定义及模式;其次,结合目前存在的一些组合平台和框架,重点分析了基于工作流和基于AI规划的动态Web服务组合原理与典型应用,并分析了其它相关的一些动态Web服务组合策略;最后提出了动态Web服务组合面临的挑战和进一步的研究方向。     

语义Web服务系统模型研究

目前的Web服务过程中需要大量的手动操作，这难以满足现今动态的、组合的业务处理要求。为了有效的解决上述问题，我们提出了语义Web服务系统模型，该模型使用了源码注解、服务模板和约束分析等先进技术，这样不但提高了Web服务操作的自动化程度，而且增强了Web服务处理的精准度和效能，同时将以往能否找到合适Web服务的问题提升为怎样选择最佳Web服务的问题。     

Web Services系统的协同问题分析及其对策

Web Service是一种全新的分布式开发技术，它不是针对特定的计算机或特定的服务器，而是面向整个Internet的。由于采用标准的XML作为数据交换技术，使Web Service服务器程序可以位于Internet或Intranet上的任何位置，客户端也可以采用任意的技术实现。文中全面分析了web Services系统中所面临的各种协同性问题及其产生的根源，提出了相应的解决方法和对策。阐述了用Web Services架构开发协同Web服务应注意的一些问题。提出了解决Web Service协同问题的根本途径和发展方向。     

一种基于语义的Web服务组合算法研究

语义Web服务组合算法研究对于Web服务组合有着重要的意义。说明一种基于语义的Web服务组合算法的思想,给出服务组合框架和算法的工作流程。它的核心是通过语义I/O和P/E的匹配来实现自动化Web服务组合,本质是通过交互不断地寻找合适的前继服务,以满足用户的服务请求。