基于小波核扩散与双阶段SVM的轴承复合故障分类方法

轴承复合故障分类中存在故障特征强线性不可分及故障数据标签不足问题,严重影响分类精度。为此,提出基于双阶段支持向量机(SVM)与小波核扩散的轴承复合故障分类方法。针对故障特征强线性不可分,使用小波核函数对其进行高维空间映射,并利用极大重叠离散小波包变换获取信号在不同频带上的能量分布作为故障特征;针对故障数据标签不足,提出增量式核空间标签扩散的双阶段SVM分类模型,在小波核空间核差异距离基础上,利用增量式核空间标签扩散对训练样本的近邻样本、粗分阶段边界样本进行扩充,并在细分阶段依据扩充后的样本完成模型训练。3组轴承复合故障数据验证了所提方法的有效性,实验研究表明,在单类训练样本为5的条件下,所提方法比SVM分类准确率平均提升7.5%,并优于其他流行算法。     

基于形态特征判别超声图像中乳腺肿瘤的良恶性

乳腺肿瘤超声图像的形态特征对判别肿瘤的良恶性具有重要的价值。为提高乳腺肿瘤超声诊断的准确率,提出一种基于其形态特征进行分类判别的计算机辅助诊断系统。该系统首先采用灰度阈值分割和动态规划相结合的方法提取超声图像中乳腺肿瘤的边缘,然后对所得边缘计算相应的三种形态参数,最后分别采用Fisher线性判据、误差反向传播神经网络和径向基函数神经网络对形态参数进行分类。该系统在157幅乳腺肿瘤(包括良性81例、恶性76例)超声图像上训练和测试,三种分类器均能取得较高的判别精度,其中误差反向传播神经网络和径向基函数神经网络的判别准确率、敏感性和特异性分别高达94.95 %、95.74%和94.23%。结果表明,基于乳腺肿瘤超声图像的形态特征建立的神经网络系统对肿瘤的良恶性具有较好的判别能力。     

BFA优化SVM的刀具故障诊断

支持向量机(SVM)对机床刀具磨损阶段监测的诊断能力与其参数惩罚因子C和核函数参数g紧密相关,SVM参数的优化对其诊断精度影响很大.为解决人工选取支持向量机参数效率低、准确率不高的问题,提出一种细菌觅食算法(BFA)优化SVM参数的刀具故障诊断方法.将SVM的诊断准确率作为细菌觅食算法的优化目标,利用细菌觅食算法对SVM参数全局寻优,得到最优参数组合.实验结果分析表明,相对于传统的SVM,优化参数后的SVM对刀具磨损阶段的监测准确率至少提高了5％,验证了此方法的可靠性.     

胸部CT图像中孤立性肺结节良恶性快速分类

目的：为突破医学影像诊断学依据医学征象进行定性诊断准确度不高的瓶颈,针对胸部CT图像中孤立性肺结节（SPN）定性诊断问题,寻求能够有效表示SPN病理特性的图像特征,实现快速准确地SPN良恶性计算机辅助诊断系统。方法：首先,采取交互式分割方法从胸部CT图像中提取出SPN;其次,直接计算SPN图像的多分辨率直方图得到768维空间信息特征样本集;然后,充分利用具有处理高维数据集优势的支持向量机（SVM）构造SPN良恶性分类器;最后,通过测试样本集对经训练后的SVM分类器进行测试以评价分类性能。结果：经214例病例实验结果表明：240个SPN图像的768维特征计算所用时间为4.83秒,SVM分类器训练测试所用时间为2.24秒,敏感性71.33%,特异性70%,准确度71.67%,接受者操作特性曲线(ROC)下面积(AUC) 0.7864。结论：该系统提取的高维图像空间信息特征能够有效表示SPN特性;没有考虑医学征象进行SPN定性诊断的准确度就达到了71.67%,同时分类速度比传统纹理算法提高了近50倍,为医学影像学解决SPN定性诊断问题提供了便捷、客观的辅助手段。     

基于倍频能量与RBF、SVM的齿轮皮带系统故障诊断

为实现对不同工况下的齿轮皮带系统中不同齿轮故障的诊断与分类,将不同故障状态的齿轮和不同松紧程度的皮带组合进行多状态模拟实验,采集各种状态下的齿轮振动信号,提取具有明确物理意义的振动信号倍频能量作为特征向量,最后分别采用径向基函数(Radial Basis Function,RBF)神经网络和支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)对不同皮带张紧状态下齿轮故障进行诊断分类,并将两种方法诊断的结果进行比较。研究结果表明,振动信号的倍频能量能够较好地反映齿轮的故障特征,RBF神经网络和SVM都能有效地识别齿轮的故障类型,SVM对于齿轮皮带系统的故障诊断准确率相对更高。     

一种聚类分层决策的SVM模拟电路故障诊断方法

支持向量机用于模拟电路多种故障诊断时,其多分类扩展策略与诊断的效率和正确率密切相关。本文提出模糊聚类与支持向量机集成的算法,通过分析电路故障特征数据的空间分布特性,以多级二叉树结构的SVM实现故障的分级诊断。通过对各故障模式两种小波特征的逐次聚类二分获得二叉树,根据F测度为每个节点的SVM选择具有最大分类间隔的故障子类及特征,避免了不可分故障区域的出现,从而优化了SVM的组合策略。采用该方法组建的SVM结构简单,在滤波器电路的故障诊断中获得良好的效果。与几种常用的SVM方法相比,本文方法有效地提高了故障诊断的精度和效率。     

基于免疫优化的脑电自适应集成分类方法研究

针对脑机接口研究(BCI)中对脑电波信号的分类识别问题,对脑电信号中P300脑电信号的预处理、特征提取及特征分类等方面算法进行了研究,主要侧重于对P300脑电信号分类算法的研究。提出了一种自适应的集成支持向量机(SVM)分类方法,利用免疫算法的多样性以及自我调节能力,对基于Bagging的集成SVM分类学习器进行了优化,提高了对P300脑电信号识别的准确度以及针对不同个体的自适应性。研究结果表明:将自适应集成分类算法运用在BCI Competition III Dataset II的P300脑电数据上,可以识别出被试者的脑电意图,并且对P300脑电信号的分类可以达到较高的分类准确率,实验结果稳定在98%。     

基于改进鲁棒多分类SVM的烟叶颜色分级分类方法研究

提出了一种基于改进鲁棒多分类SVM的烟叶颜色等级分类方法,将烟叶图像颜色转为HSV空间。该方法提取烟叶上、中、下三个区域一、二、三阶颜色矩作为分类特征,改进SVM分类器对各色组离群训练样本的约束,减少依赖,提高分类模型对样本分类的精确度。在改善SVM二分类器的基础上采用一对多的多分类策略,实现烟叶颜色6个等级的识别判断。试验结果表明,改进鲁棒性SVM方法下所训练模型对未来烟叶颜色等级的识别率比HL-SVM方法的识别率高6.29%。     

基于支持向量机的农业遥感图像耕地提取技术研究

耕地是农业发展的基础,而遥感技术是当前监测耕地面积以及分布情况的主要工具。耕地本身复杂的地形特征以及其他背景地物的混淆,使得地形特征、分辨率、空间物理误差、几何变形、算法等一直是制约耕地快速实时监测的主要因素。SVM算法具有小样本学习、抗噪声性能好、学习效率高、鲁棒性好等优点。通过SVM算法对江苏省某地级市的卫星遥感图像分类,识别出其中的耕地并划分,对耕地的分类准确率达到了90%以上。实验结果表明,使用SVM算法能够快速高效地对遥感图像中的耕地进行识别并划分。     

Adaboost_SVM集成模型的滚动轴承早期故障诊断

针对滚动轴承早期故障诊断中故障特征微弱难以有效检测的问题,提出一种基于Adaboost提升支持向量机(Support vector machines,SVM)集成学习模型的滚动轴承早期故障诊断方法。首先以Cincinnati大学实测的滚动轴承全寿命振动数据为基础,采用特征参数跟踪法,建立特征参数的趋势分析,并据此选择用于滚动轴承早期故障诊断的敏感特征参量,然后通过构造Adaboost提升SVM集成学习模型,并将其应用于滚动轴承的早期故障检测中。Ada Boost能够自适应地提升单一SVM的分类性能,相对于传统的单一SVM分类器Adaboost_SVM稳定性最好,早期故障诊断准确率最高。实验结果表明,结合优选的敏感特征参量,Adaboost_SVM能有效地诊断滚动轴承的早期故障模式。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.