纤维纺织品静电性能的标准与测试

高分子合成纤维的疏水性、绝缘性在织物生产和使用过程中所带来的静电问题日益突出,纤维纺织品静电性能测试方法在实践与理论上也得到了快速的发展。本文将过去的纺织品静电性能的标准与现在的纺织品静电性能的标准进行对比、讨论,并对其测试方法中有待补充与完善的地方进行展望。     

织物静电测试标准及其存在的几个问题

对现有的一些织物静电测试方法——如织物摩擦起电电压测定法、纺织品静电压半衰期法、织物摩擦静电吸附性测定法、织物表面比电阻测试法以及织物摩擦带电电荷密度测试法等分别叙述了各自的适用范围及其存在问题,并针对目前出现的导电纤维制品的现状,提出制订和选择合理的标准测试法、统一测试环境湿度标准以及加速制订防静电织物防静电性能定量指标的建议。     

织物静电吸灰性能的测试研究

介绍了织物静电产生、逸散的规律，分析了织物静电吸灰的力学条件，并用自制织物静电吸灰测试装置测试了化学短纤和长丝织物的吸灰性能。     

织物静电吸灰性能的测试研究

介绍了织物静电产生、逸散的规律 ,分析了织物静电吸灰的力学条件 ,并用自制织物静电吸灰测试装置测试了化学短纤和长丝织物的吸灰性能。     

现行织物静电测试方法研究

采用国标规定的四种测试方法对五类十八种织物进行了静电性能的测试对比实验，并从理论和实验两方面进行了分析研究，揭示了现行织物静电测试方法的缺点，提出了新的测试方法。     

产业用纺织品静电性能测试标准概述

通过测试原理、测试装置等分析国内外关于产业用纺织品静电性能的测试方法及标准,对比各测试方法的优劣,指出评价样品静电性能需要注意的问题。     

镀银纤维含量与分布对织物静电性能的影响

探讨镀银纤维含量及其在织物中的分布对织物静电性能的影响。通过测试和分析不同镀银纤维含量和分布的平纹织物电荷面密度,结果表明:随着镀银纤维含量的增加电荷面密度减小,但其变化趋势会受到间隔嵌织非功能性纱线的影响;非功能性纱线的织入会在织物中形成静电积聚区,织物的静电性能取决于静电积聚区的大小和功能纱线的防静电性能;非功能纱线的织入会恶化由于镀银纤维在纱线中分布的不均匀性造成的织物静电性能的不均匀性;与赛络菲尔纱织物和长丝交织织物相比,短纤混纺织物具有更好的防静电效果。     

纤维素静电纺丝及其难题

静电纺丝是一种常见的连续生产纳米级纤维(直径在几微米到几纳米)的技术。它是将纳米纤维制成各种结构形式,如非织造织物膜、取向纤维束及三维结构支架的最常用方法。这些材料由于其被提升的性能,可应用于工业用纺织品、医用纺织品、防护材料、储能设备、农业、电器、光学设备等特殊领域。纤维素作为一种来源丰富的生物可降解、生物相容聚合物,引起研究者们的强烈兴趣,纳米织物中纳米纤维素纤维的广阔前景也显示其应用广泛。研究涉及了纤维素静电纺丝的历史、近况及前景。     

静电在织物印花中的应用

印刷中,静电是引起故障的一个主要因素,因此印刷商都力争避免和防止静电带来的危害,织物印花中也是如此。但是,静电在印刷领域却有其特殊的应用,如静电复印、利用静电进行印刷品表面净化处理等。在织物印花中,静电也有其特殊的应用,如静电植绒印花和新兴的静电印花等。下面就简单介绍静电在印花中的应用。     

织物和静电极板参数对静电吸附力的影响分析

为了明确织物和静电极板参数对静电吸附力的影响规律,为服装软面料的静电吸附式抓取提供理论支撑,文章开展织物参数和静电极板参数对静电吸附力影响规律的系统性研究。首先建立纬编织物结构模型及静电吸附力理论模型,通过理论分析结果和仿真结果的对比分析,验证仿真方法的有效性;接着基于Maxwell张量法推导了五层二维静电吸附力理论模型,分析静电吸附力模型结构参数对静电吸附力的影响规律,并得出结论：1)静电吸附力和电极上施加电压的平方成正比;2)织物密度越大,产生的静电吸附力越大;3)绝缘层介电常数越大,静电吸附力越大;绝缘层厚度越大,静电吸附力越小;4)随着极板占空比及电极间距的增大,静电吸附力均呈先增大后减小的趋势。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press