变厚度多孔梯度材料圆板的热后屈曲分析

为分析多孔梯度材料圆板在非均匀温度场中的热后屈曲响应,基于经典板理论和物理中面概念建立了梯度多孔材料圆板在热载荷作用下的控制微分方程,其中假设厚度变化沿半径为二次抛物线型且板在其厚度上具有对称和非对称的非均匀孔隙率分布。采用打靶法数值求解了问题的屈曲和后屈曲响应,给出了均匀升温和热传导下的梯度多孔非线性变厚度圆板后屈曲平衡路径。结果显示：变厚度系数、孔隙率系数、孔隙分布方式以及温度场对板的临界载荷和后屈曲平衡路径均有影响;在不同温度场中孔隙率系数越大,屈曲时的临界载荷越小;孔隙率对称分布下的临界载荷大于非对称情况下的。     

用分形接触理论研究拉杆转子轴承系统动力学模型

根据分形接触理论,建立了拉杆转子轮盘结合面弹性接触弯曲耦合模型和扭转耦合模型。在此基础上,采用集总参数法,建立了拉杆转子-轴承系统的动力学模型。通过锤击试验,测量了拉杆转子自由状态下的固有频率,验证了该模型的有效性。借助于数值仿真方法,研究了系统横向振动固有频率和扭转振动固有频率随结合面法向载荷的变化规律。研究发现:分形接触理论可以有效地解决拉杆转子轮盘接触表面间的弹性接触问题;结合面法向载荷增大时,系统固有频率同步增大;拉杆转子的固有频率小于相同结构尺寸的连续体转子的固有频率;法向载荷对高阶固有频率影响较大;对滑动轴承支承的拉杆转子轴承系统来说,拉杆转子预紧力对低阶横向振动和扭转振动固有频率影响相对较小。     

功能梯度压电材料梁的热-机-电耦合振动及屈曲特性分析

为提高粱理论对静动态响应预测的可靠性和准确性,基于一种n阶广义梁理论,研究外驱动电压及轴向机械载荷共同作用下功能梯度压电材料(Functionally graded piezoelectric material,FGPM)梁在热环境中的耦合振动及屈曲特性.考虑温度沿梁厚按不同类型稳态分布,采用Voigt混合幂率模型表征FGPM梁的材料属性,应用Hamilton原理统-实施静动态建模,采用Navier法求解FGPM简支梁的动态响应.分析不同梁理论、不同温度分布、热-机-电耦合效应、材料组份梯度指标、跨厚比等诸多参数对梁振动频率和屈曲临界载荷特性的影响,揭示多因素影响下FGPM梁耦合屈曲和耦合振动这两类静动态力学行为之间的二元耦联性.结果 表明,通过改变外驱动电压大小和极化方向均可实现FGPM梁在热-机-电耦合作用下的振动控制以及稳定性安全设计.     

宽幅薄规格热轧带钢纵向屈曲变形行为解析研究

对于宽幅热轧带钢板形控制成套技术,完善的带钢屈曲生成机理是高精度板形控制模型建立的必要前提,也是板形质量改进研究的重要基础。针对目前超薄规格宽幅热轧带钢生产时的浪形问题,研究热轧中常见的纵向屈曲变形行为,建立统一形式的高次三角函数描述复杂多变的带钢纵向屈曲应力场和浪形挠曲模态,同时创新性引入局部系数n描述全宽和局部纵向屈曲浪形。根据弹性薄板小挠度理论的能量原理建立纵向屈曲力学模型,获得热轧带钢纵向屈曲的临界屈曲应力表达式,同时运用ABAQUS有限元软件,对纵向屈曲变形行为进行仿真计算,验证解析模型的正确性。最后结合热轧带钢高温特性,考虑分析不均匀分布的温度场、张应力、局部系数等多因素耦合作用对临界屈曲的影响。该解析模型进一步揭示了热轧带钢高次板形生成机理,并能够快速获得不同纵向屈曲浪形的临界屈曲应力,为宽幅薄规格热轧带钢的板形控制提供理论和数据基础,可应用于热轧带钢在线板形控制系统中。     

小尺寸TEM非共面偏心自补偿零耦合收发技术研究

发射线圈对接收回路的耦合影响,是导致瞬变电磁(TEM)早期信号失真、浅层盲区大的主要因素之一,对于多匝小尺寸线圈结构,耦合影响更为严重。针对这一问题,提出了一种小尺寸TEM非共面偏心自补偿零耦合收发技术。该技术采用收发线圈非共面偏心的思路设计了一次场自补偿系统,非共面结构实现发射线圈与接收线圈的弱耦合,并基于互感理论获得二者的最佳相对偏心位置,以消除一次场干扰。对基于导电环异常体的探测模型进行实验仿真,结果表明新结构系统在收发线圈±2 mm尺寸误差内,能够忽略一次场的影响,对物理尺寸误差的容忍度较高,易于实现零耦合状态。最后,采用串连法对设计的非共面偏心自补偿TEM系统进行了实测实验,测试结果与理论分析一致,进一步验证新结构性能。研究可为小尺寸TEM系统获得纯二次场信号、提高浅层探测性能奠定理论基础。     

高速飞行器网格翼型结构热屈曲及热模态分析

翼片结构在高速飞行过程中会承受比较大的气动力和气动热形成的复合载荷。为研究网格翼结构的工作热屈曲和热模态特性,进行了理论分析和有限元计算;得到了结构的热屈曲临界温度、均匀及非均匀温度载荷下的热模态参数;发现网格翼结构的热屈曲临界温度要高于相同外形和材料的实体平板翼结构,且高温下结构材料热物理参数对热模态的影响要大于材料弹性参数,非均匀温度载荷下的网格翼结构热模态固有频率数值与均匀温度载荷下有一定区别。     

初始挠度及中间弹性支撑对压杆稳定的影响分析

实际工程结构中的细长杆受压时,当存在初始挠度及中间弹性支撑时,不能用经典的欧拉公式计算杆件的屈曲临界载荷.利用有限元软件ANSYS对实际工程结构进行非线性屈曲分析,能够考虑到杆件的初姑挠度以及中间弹性支撑对临界失稳载荷的影响.计算结果表明:机车径向转向架耦合杆初妊挠度为10 mm时,对应的临界失稳载荷相对欧拉公式计算结...     

微结构热力耦合解析的元胞自动机方法

针对微机电系统多物理场耦合效应有限元解析所遇到的难题,应用元胞自动机的思想来解析其热-力耦合场．以典型微结构中的平板结构为研究对象,根据应变能守恒,将连续性单元转化为米字形桁架结构,并建立元胞空间;从简单的二力杆热力分析出发,推导热应力的局部规则,建立了该平板结构的元胞自动机模型,对热弹性力学中的平面应力问题进行了分析．从实例解析出发,对热应力产生的不同情况进行了模拟分析,验证了所建热-力耦合解析方法的可行性和算法的效率．该解析算法也适用于力载荷或位移载荷,为微结构多物理场耦合解析提供了有效的解析方向．     

钻柱结构与井壁岩石互作用下系统耦合非线性动力学研究

在石油钻井过程中,钻柱的运动过程相当复杂,不仅存在纵向、横向和扭转振动,而且还与井壁发生随机接触碰撞.在考虑钻头与岩石互作用随机载荷以及钻柱与井壁接触碰撞随机载荷作用下,建立实态工作状态下钻柱与井壁互作用下钻柱系统纵向、横向、扭转耦合非线性动力学模型,研究高度耦合非线性动力学模型的数值计算方法,探讨钻柱在钻井过程中运动规律、力学性能,为实态工作工况下钻柱系统耦合非线性动力学奠定理论基础,具有重要的理论意义和学术价值.     

刚柔耦合的提梁机主梁结构仿真研究

基于虚拟样机中的柔性体理论,采用多体系统仿真(MBS)和有限元分析(FEA)协同仿真的方法,运用UG、ADAMS和 ANSYS软件建立刚柔耦合的提梁机虚拟样机模型.通过动力学分析,获得提梁机主梁的模态信息和边界载荷文件,完成了提梁机主梁在大范围刚体运动与局部弹性变形耦合作用下的强度分析,仿真验证了提梁机主梁强度及刚度满足设计要求,为进一步的结构设计及优化奠定了基础.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.     

Fractional order nonsingular terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking

This paper investigates a fractional terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking in the presence of inertia uncertainties and extern...     

奥氏体不锈钢表面双辉等离子渗锆的动力学

利用双辉等离子渗金属技术在0Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢表面制备了一层均匀、致密、呈良好冶金结合的渗锆合金层,并对1 060℃下的渗锆动力学进行了研究。结果表明:随着距锆合金层表面距离的增加,锆元素的含量呈梯度递减,扩散系数逐渐减小,而扩散激活能逐步增大;在1 060℃采用双辉等离子技术渗锆时,渗锆合金层表层的空位密度为2.945×(1012~1013)cm-2,与相同温度下采用常规渗金属工艺相比,提高了1~2个数量级。     

气化炉三维扫描测量与数据处理

以德士古气化炉耐火砖的内壁蚀损检测设备为基础,对采集到的点云数据做了进一步处理.通过对数据的筛选和剔除,实现了数据点的平滑降噪细化和精简.然后利用点云对整、网格划分和分色显示等方法,最终完成了内壁腐蚀情况的三维建模.重点讨论了点云数据的预处理及后处理的方法,并根据内壁耐火砖的腐蚀阈值,提出了一种气化炉内壁腐蚀区域的识别与分割方法.对耐火砖的腐蚀分析、气化炉的生产与维修提供了可靠依据,并在工程应用中获得了一致认可.