芳纶/阻燃粘胶/阻燃锦纶混纺织物制备及其性能

为获得长效阻燃、高强、耐磨且服用性能好的织物,将芳纶1414、阻燃粘胶与阻燃锦纶3种本质阻燃纤维混纺织造,探讨了混纺比、纱线捻度、织物组织结构和黏合剂种类对纱线及其织物力学性能、阻燃性能和色牢度的影响。结果表明：芳纶1414/阻燃粘胶/阻燃锦纶(30/45/25)混纺纱线同时具备优异的力学性能和阻燃性能,阻燃锦纶的加入使三元混纺纱线断裂强度相比芳纶/阻燃粘胶二元混纺纱线提升56%,耐磨次数提升58%,其纱线的力学性能随着捻度增加先增强后降低,峰值捻度为680捻/m;织物采用斜纹组织结构时,其阻燃性能和力学性能优于平纹和缎纹组织;采用非离子型丙烯酸酯共聚物G-BD作为印花浆料黏合剂,可使得到的高强耐磨阻燃织物水洗20次后变色牢度级数仍保持在2级以上。     

对位芳纶/纤维素纤维混纺阻燃织物的开发与应用

采用对位芳纶与阻燃木代尔纤维进行混纺,开发出阻燃混纺织物,解决了阻燃织物遇火热收缩及燃烧破裂的问题,并协效了高强力、高吸湿性、高热阻且低价位等特点,在热防护服装领域应用前景广阔。具体介绍了纺纱织造流程及存在的难点和解决方案,实验表明,开发的混纺织物性能优异。     

涤纶织物的涂层阻燃整理

以甲基三甲氧基硅烷和聚磷酸铵(APPⅡ)为原料制备硅氧烷包覆聚磷酸铵协同阻燃剂,并通过正交实验确定了磷/硅的最佳配比.将该阻燃剂与水性聚氨酯复合制成环保阻燃涂层剂并用于涤纶织物的阻燃涂层整理,探讨了阻燃剂与水性聚氨酯的配比以及涂层量对织物阻燃性能及其他性能的影响.结果表明,随着阻燃剂与水性聚氨酯配比的增加,织物阻燃效果提高,其强力及静水压下降;当涂层整理的涂层量为20g/m2时,涂层涤纶织物既具有优异的阻燃效果,又能保证织物的手感.通过对比实验表明,该阻燃剂相对APPⅡ而言,能赋予织物优异的阻燃、高强力及防"霜化"等效果.     

高强轻柔防静电阻燃织物的试验研究

针对目前防静电阻燃织物存在的低强、厚重等缺陷，提出一种将高性能纤维、阻燃纤维、导电纤维等3种主功能各异的纤维以混纺和交织的方式形成某种新型织物的方法，进行了有关的试验．结果表明，由于3种纤维的主功能的兼容和互补，使制取的织物试样不仅具有防静电阻燃的防护功能，而且具有高强轻柔的优良服用性能．     

阻燃共聚酯织物的热重分析

通过热重分析,研究和探讨了阻燃共聚酯织物和阻燃不滴落聚酯织物的阻燃机理。热重分析结果表明,阻燃共聚酯织物与普通聚酯织物的热重曲线基本相同,两者有着基本相同的热裂解历程;阻燃不滴落聚酯织物与普通聚酯织物热裂解历程完全不同。阻燃不滴落聚酯织物成炭、且成炭率较高;阻燃共聚酯织物不成炭。     

高强阻燃维纶混纺面料的印染加工

分析印染工艺流程及各工艺条件对高强阻燃维纶多元混纺面料性能的影响,采用一正一反两道剪毛工艺、温和的前处理工艺、高温印花汽蒸和橡毯预缩工艺,以保证面料的强力和手感及色牢度;防水整理对织物的阻燃性能基本没有影响,防风整理则需要选择阻燃涂层胶。     

功能性服用面料设计与阻燃性能研究

以阻燃腈纶纤维、粘胶纤维、阻燃涤纶为原料,织造A和B系列织物,研究了阻燃腈纶纤维含量、织物组织结构和阻燃涤纶纤维含量对织物阻燃性能和服用性能的影响。结果表明:A和B系列织物的阻燃效果都可达到阻燃C1等级,A系列织物的经向阻燃效果优于纬向,纬纱的交织形式和织物的组织结构都不会降低织物的阻燃效果;A系列织物的平均透气率高于相同纬纱阻燃纤维含量的B系列织物,阻燃剂的添加没有明显减小织物的透气性;A系列织物的抗弯长度和最大瞬态热量损失都小于相同纬纱阻燃纤维含量的B系列织物,阻燃腈纶与粘胶投纬比为4∶1、阻燃腈纶含量为80.0%的A系列织物具有最佳的阻燃性、刚柔性和接触冷暖感,为最佳的舒适性贴身服用面料织物。     

中国纤维/织物阻燃技术进展(一)

阐述中国纤维/织物阻燃整理技术的发展概况。制备阻燃纤维、织物的阻燃整理以及阻燃纤维与阻燃整理方法相结合是获得阻燃纤维/织物的三种途径。介绍粘胶、聚酯、聚酰胺、聚丙烯和聚丙烯腈等纤维以及几种天然纤维、合成纤维织物阻燃技术的进展,指出开发无卤低烟低毒的新型阻燃体系、实现绿色阻燃整理和提高阻燃纺织品的综合性能是今后纤维/织物阻燃技术的发展方向。     

阻燃织物在交通领域的应用与发展

介绍常用阻燃织物在交通领域的应用,分析新型阻燃织物及纤维的阻燃特性和制备方法,对各种交通工具内使用的不同阻燃织物进行比较,指出对交通工具用织物进行阻燃处理时需考虑其环保性和性价比,高性价比的阻燃织物应兼具舒适性和阻燃性且织造成本低,这利于扩大阻燃织物在国内外交通领域的应用。     

50/50涤棉混纺平布阻燃处理

纺织品阻燃大体上分两大类型:一类是阻燃纤维,用这种纤维制成织物具有永久阻燃性;另一类是将织物进行阻燃处理,这一类织物具有不同程度的耐久性阻燃性。前者生产条件严格,价格较贵,后者加工简单易行,产品较为便宜。织物进行阻燃处理又分单一组份织物的阻燃处理和混合组份织物的阻燃处理,后者常见有涤棉混纺织物的阻燃处理。混合组份织物比单一组份织物阻燃处理的难度大,可用的阻燃剂为数也不多,常     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the