PS／PA－6纤维牵伸油剂的研制

简要介绍了合成革无纺基布用纤维牵伸油剂的特点，如抗静电性、摩擦性、润湿性和卷曲性等；分别列举了日本Ｌ－５３油剂和本文所研制的Ｄ－７２０油剂的性能及主要技术规格。使用Ｄ－７２０油剂的结果表明，ＰＳ／ＰＡ－６纤维具有抗静电性优良、卷曲正常、针刺成网顺利及产品强度高等特点．达到了牵伸工艺要求，其加工性能及产品理化性能指标均已达到或优于日本油剂生产的纤维理化性能指标。     

不泛黄的柔软剂

Ｒｈｏｄｉａ公司推出了以ＲｈｏｄｏｒｓｉｌＨＡＬＳ为品牌的各种油剂。它们是纺织品柔软剂系列产品,据称能赋予纺织品柔软特性而不泛黄。ＲｈｏｄｏｒｓｉｌＨＡＬＳ油剂将ＨＡＬＳ（受阻胺光稳定）技术与有机硅骨架相结合。其氨基－有机硅处方已获得专利。用这种柔软剂整理的织物既保持了白度,同时又变得柔软。Ｒｈｏｄｉａ是将这种化学原理应用于纺织柔软剂的首家有机硅公司。大多数纺织柔软剂都采用增加胺含量来增加柔软度。但是,由于胺的氧化作用,增加胺含量会导致泛黄的加重。ＲｈｏｄｏｒｓｉｌＨＡＬＳ油剂可使产品既有高粘度…     

科技成果转让

山西省化学纤维研究所△ＰＥ－３５涤纶高速纺ＰＯＹ油剂ＰＥ－３５涤纶高速纺ＰＯＹ油剂是一种性能优良的纺织纤维助剂，应用于涤纶高速纺中。它具有优良的平滑性、抗静电性及较高的抱合性，可与现在国内普遍使用的进口油剂相媲美，有些技术指标甚至超过了日本的Ｆ－２１６９油剂。该项目投资约需５５万元，生产能力５００吨／年，年产值１２５０万元，利润率为２８％。△便携式数字丝速测定仪它是新研制的专利产品，采用大规模数字集成电路和液晶５位数字显示器，外加红外丝束传感器等组成，可对高速运行中的纺丝速度直接用数字显示出来，…     

萨巴公司及其生产的P－400XL剑杆织机

萨巴公司及其生产的Ｐ－４００ＸＬ剑杆织机ＳＡＰＡＣｏ．ａｎｄＩｔｓＲａｐｉｅｒＬｏｏｍＰ－４００ＸＬ￥／／西班牙ＳＡＰＡ（萨巴公司）是世界上最早研究发展挠性剑杆织机的厂商，也是在挠性剑杆织机上首家发展采用电子送经系统的厂商。萨巴公司对剑杆织机制造技术...     

OMNI—280与PAT—A—280喷气织机的对比分析

本文对毕佳诺公司ＯＭＮＩ－２８０与ＰＡＴ－Ａ－２８０两种喷气织机进行了对比分析，以便纺织同行选型时参考。     

德国Grosse公司的提花机系列

德国Ｇｒｏｓｓｅ公司的提花机系列ＧｒｏｓｓｅＪａｃｑｕａｒｄＭａｃｈｉｎｅＳｅｒｉｅｓ￥／／１．ＵＮＩＲＡＰＩＤ－４型机械式高速提花机ＵＮＩＲＡＰＩＤ－４型提花机是从被证明有很高性能的ＵＮＩＲＡＰＩＤ－３型提花机发展而来的，两者都配有若干碳纤维竖钩。...     

阻燃涤纶短纤维生产工艺

本文探讨了用磷系共聚阻燃切片纺制阻燃涤纶（ＳＴ－ＰＥＴ）短纤维的生产工艺，通过调节加工温度，初生纤维平衡时间，油剂浓度，后牵伸倍数及分配制得ＳＴ－ＰＥＴ短纤维。     

普雷昂.德.帕乌公司的梳毛机用针布

介绍比利时普雷昂·德·帕乌公司生产的梳毛机用针布，包括预梳理件针布、“ＰＲＡＹ－Ｏ－ＭＡＴＩＣ”型半硬性针布、“ＮＥＰ－Ｘ－ＨＰ”型弹性针布、“ＦＬＡＸＩＢＬＥ”传统弹性针布和“ＳＵＰＥＲＳＴＲＩＰ”型防撕裂弹性针布     

P－400XL型剑杆织机

Ｐ－４００ＸＬ型剑杆织机Ｐ－４００ＸＬＲａｐｉｅｒＬｏｏｍ成立于１５７５年的西班牙著名的军工企业，普拉森夏武器装备有限公司，简称萨巴公司（Ｓ．Ａ．Ｐ．Ａ．），将其多年自动化精密武器装备的生产经验及采用的先进可靠的技术与设计，应用于民用产品领域，于１９...     

引进130t／d APMP生产线简介

引进１３０ｔ／ｄＡＰＭＰ生产线简介我厂从ＡＮＤＲＩＺＥＳＰＲＯＵＴ－ＢＡＵＥＲ公司芬兰子公司引进的１３０ｔ／ｄ（风干）ＡＰＭＰ生产线正在进行设计联络和设计工作，生产线预计１９９６年上半年投入生产。该生产线使用杨木生产ＡＰＭＰ，用于配抄低定量胶印新闻纸...     

Food oral processing—A review

Food oral processing is an essential procedure not only for the consumption and digestion of foods but also for the appreciation and pleasure of food texture and food flavour. The consumption of a food inside mouth involves various oral operations, including first bite, chewing and mastication, transportation, bolus formation, swallowing, etc. Exact mechanisms and governing principles of these oral operations are still not fully understood, despite of continuous efforts made by scientists from food, psychology, physiology, dental and clinical studies, and other disciplines. This article reviews recent progresses and literature findings about food processing and transformation in mouth, with particular attention on the physiology and rheology aspects of oral operations. The physiological behaviour of human's oral device is discussed in terms of biting capability, tongue movement, saliva production and incorporation, and swallowing. The complexity of oral processing is analysed in relation to the rheology and mechanical properties of foods. The swallowing and oral clearing process is also examined for its criteria, triggering mechanism, bolus deformation, and the rheology of swallowing.     

细纱机改造与专件、器材的应用

为解决老一代细纱机改造后出现棉纱、织物质量问题,分析了细纱机改造及对不同纺纱原理器材、专件的选择,从节约能源和针对不同纺纱品种与质量要求方面重点论述了如何选用不同纺纱器材、专件进行改造;说明对其牵伸系统、卷绕系统的改造不仅可以提高棉纱质量、织物质量,而且可以大大降低纺纱能耗。指出不同的棉纱品种、质量要求对细纱机改造的纺纱器材、专件要求也不同,纺纱系统和器材、专件改造后对纺纱效率、制造成本、效益、效果、棉纱质量指标的影响;用事实证明改造老一代细纱机的纺纱元件、器材、专件,对棉纱质量的稳定、织物质量的提高起关键作用。     

虎杖果实中白藜芦醇与大黄素提取工艺优化及其与3类根茎含量比较

目的：研究虎杖果实中白藜芦醇与大黄素提取工艺,比较其果实与雄株、未结果雌株、结果雌株3 类根茎中白藜芦醇与大黄素得率。方法：采用高效液相色谱法测定其果实与3 类根茎中白藜芦醇与大黄素含量,确定果实中白藜芦醇与大黄素提取的溶剂与方法,采用正交试验法考察微波火力档、溶剂体积分数、料液比及提取时间对提取工艺的影响,确定微波辅助提取的最佳提取工艺,比较虎杖果实、3 类根茎中二者得率。结果：正交试验与方差分析得出果实中白藜芦醇与大黄素的最佳提取条件为乙醇体积分数70%、料液比1∶20（g/mL）、额定功率800 W微波炉先40火力处理3 min冷却后60火力处理3 min、提取时间6 min,高效液相色谱法测得虎杖雄株、未结果雌株根茎中的白藜芦醇与大黄素得率均高于结果雌株根茎及果实,果实及3 类根茎中白藜芦醇与大黄素得率均超过《中国药典》（2010）规定值,提取工艺合理、稳定、可行,虎杖果实具备开发利用的价值。     

Content,composition, and stereochemical characterisation of lignans in berries and seeds

In seed extracts of five oilseed species, in bran extracts of three cereal species, and in seed and/or whole berry extracts of 10 berry species, the concentrations of a large number of lignans and the enantiomeric composition of selected lignans were determined. In the case of sesame and hemp seeds, the lignan content and composition of the whole seeds was compared to that of the hulled seeds. The results showed that cloudberry seeds are the third most lignan-rich food source after linseeds and whole sesame seeds, and that most of the berry species analysed were more lignan-rich than the cereal brans. The lignans are concentrated in the hull of the oilseeds and in the seeds of the berries. In most samples, secoisolarici-, pino-, medio-, and syringaresinol were present as a mixture of two enantiomers.     

Biodegradation of genetically modified seeds and plant tissues during composting

BACKGROUND: The increasing global market of genetically modified (GM) crops amplifies the potential for unintentional contamination of food and feed with GM plants. Methods proposed for disposal of crop residues should be assessed to prevent unintended distribution of GM materials. Composting of organic material is inexpensive and location‐independent. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of composting for disposal of GM plants in terms of reducing seed viability and promoting the degradation of endogenous as well as transgenic DNA. RESULTS: Duplicate samples of corn kernels, alfalfa leaves, and GM canola seeds, meal and pellets were sealed in porous nylon bags and implanted in duplicate 85 000 kg (initial weight) feedlot manure compost piles. Samples were collected at intervals over 230 days of composing. Canola seeds and corn kernels were not viable after 14 days of composting with temperatures in the piles exceeding 50 °C. In all samples, PCR analyses revealed that plant endogenous and transgenic fragments were substantially degraded after 230 days of composting. Southern blotting of genomic DNA isolated from canola seeds identified differences in the persistence of endogenous, transgenic, and bacterial DNA. CONCLUSION: Composting GM and non‐GM plant materials with manure rendered seeds non‐viable, and resulted in substantial, although not complete, degradation of endogenous and transgenic plant DNA. This study demonstrates that composting could be effective for disposing of GM crops in the event of their inadvertent entry into the food or feed chain. Copyright © 2010 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd     

梨果实及其制品中真菌毒素的污染、检测及控制方法研究进展

梨果实营养丰富, 水分含量较高, 在生产、采收和贮运过程中易受病原菌侵染, 特别是在贮藏期间发生真菌性病害后腐烂霉变, 产生并积累各种真菌毒素。本文首先介绍了链格孢毒素、展青霉素、橘霉素和黄曲霉毒素的毒性和在梨果实及其制品中的污染状况, 其次, 对在梨和其制品中应用的薄层色谱法和液相色谱-质谱联用法的特点和应用实例进行了综述, 最后, 总结了果品中真菌毒素的降解方法, 并对有效防控真菌毒素的重点研究方向进行了展望。当前国内对于梨果实及其制品中真菌毒素的研究报道很少, 今后应加强这方面研究, 明确当前真菌毒素的种类以及污染水平, 并重点开展有效防控真菌毒素的研究, 提高我国梨果实及其制品的质量安全水平。     

3种功能性甜味剂对大米蒸煮品质和消化特性的影响

为提高米饭蒸煮品质、延缓米饭回生和改善米饭消化性能,比较不同质量分数低聚果糖、山梨糖醇和麦芽糖醇3 种低能量甜味剂对大米浸泡吸水率、直链淀粉比例、硬度、微观结构、晶体结构、热特性及消化特性等指标的影响。结果表明,3 种甜味剂处理均能够提高大米的吸水率,降低米饭的硬度。此外,低聚果糖、山梨糖醇和麦芽糖醇处理均能降低米饭的体外消化水解率。其中,1.6%低聚果糖处理的大米在浸泡25 min时吸水率提高了11.18%,直链淀粉比例、糊化焓值和放置24 h后硬度分别降低了7.36%、22.91%和21.79%,且与其他处理相比,显著降低了糊化焓值和结晶度,并表现出较好的微观结构和抗回生性。该研究为大米精深加工与方便米饭产品开发提供依据。     

Chemical and Structural Analysis of Fibre and Core Tissues from Flax

Samples of flax ( Linum usitatissimum ) stems from the cultivars ‘Natasja’ and ‘Ariane’ were separated into fibre and core fractions and analysed by gas–liquid chromatographic methods, ¹³C CPMAS NMR spectrometry, histochemistry, electron microscopy and UV absorption microspectrophotometry to assist in determining the structure and composition of these cell walls in relation to quality and utilisation. Analyses from chromatography and NMR gave similar results for carbohydrate and phenolic constituents in various samples and in the lower, more mature regions of the stem. Amounts of uronic acids and xylose were lower while amounts of mannose, galactose and glucose were higher in fibre vs core fractions. Quantities of phenolic constituents were significantly higher in the core than the fibre, with groups representative of both guaiacyl and syringyl lignins; amounts of phenolic acids were low. NMR showed a low intensity signal for aromatics in fibre, and it is possible that such signals arise from compounds in the cuticle rather than the fibre. Microscopic studies indicated that aromatic constituents were present in core cell walls, cuticle of the epidermis, and cell corners and middle lamellae of some regions within the fibre tissues. The lignin in fibre appeared to be of the guaiacyl type and may be too low in concentration to be unambiguously detected by NMR. Aromatic compounds were not observed in the epidermis or parenchyma cell walls. Similar analyses of dew-retted (unscutched) samples indicated that core tissues were mostly unchanged from unretted samples. Retted fibre tissues still contained lignified cell corners and middle lamellae in some regions. The cuticle, which was associated with retted fibres, was not degraded by dew-retting fungi. Fungi removed interfibre materials in some places and at times degraded the secondary wall near the cell lumen of fibre cells. Results indicate that microspectrophotometry and histochemistry are useful to identify the location and type of aromatics in fibre cell walls.     

Composition and properties of seeds and pods of the tree legume Prosopis juliflora (DC)

Seeds and whole pods of Prosopis juliflora were analysed for proximate composition, fatty acids, minerals and soluble sugars. Crude protein constituted 35 % and 10 % of the seeds and whole pods, respectively. Nitrogen free extracts (NFE) comprised approximately 45 % of the seeds and whole pods. In the case of the pods, sucrose represented approximately 75 % of the soluble sugars. The lipid of both the seeds and whole pods contained a relatively large proportion of unsaturated fatty acids with linoleic acid as the predominant fatty acid. Levels of the macronutrients Ca, Mg, K and P were relatively low in comparison with cultivated legumes. Alkaline extraction of the seeds and whole pods showed that more than 70 % of the proteins were extractable. Maximum precipitation of the proteins was observed in the pH range 4.0-4.5. Amino acid analysis of the isolated proteins showed relatively high levels of lysine (312mg g^?l N for the seed and 438 mg g^?l N for the pod protein) and adequate levels of valine, leucine, tyrosine and phenylalanine. Methionine was the most limiting amino acid. The in vitro enzymic digestibility of the proteins of Prosopis seed was comparable to that of proteins of other legume seeds.     

Identification and analysis of 2-chloro-6-methylphenol, 2,6-dichlorophenol and indole: causes of taints and off-flavours in wines

Background and Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the cause of taints and off-flavours in a number of commercial wines and to develop methods for quantitative analysis of the compounds responsible. Methods and Results: Three compounds, 2-chloro-6-methylphenol (i.e. 6-chloro-ortho-cresol), 2,6-dichlorophenol and indole, were identified by gas chromatography (GC)/mass spectrometry (MS)/olfactometry as causes of taints or off-flavours in the wines. New methods for quantitative analysis of these three compounds, as well as some other chloro- and bromophenols were developed. The methods employed GC/MS and stable isotope dilution analysis, and confirmed the presence of 2-chloro-6-methylphenol, 2,6-dichlorophenol and indole in some wines at concentrations well above their odour and taste detection thresholds. Conclusions: 2-Chloro-6-methylphenol, 2,6-dichlorophenol and indole were confirmed as causes of taints and off-flavours in commercial wines. Significance of the Study: The development of new analytical methods will make it possible to determine whether chlorophenol (and perhaps also bromophenol) taint in wine is more widespread than previously recognised. Similarly, the simple, rapid and accurate method for quantifying indole in wine will allow large numbers of wine and ferment samples to be studied to determine those factors that can result in unacceptably high concentrations in commercial wines.