重质油品燃烧热波传播特性研究

本文分析了重质油品燃烧热量在液层中的传播特点，讨论了热波传播速率及其影响因素，为预测和评价重质油品燃烧的沸溢喷溅提代一定的理论基础。     

油罐火灾热平衡及辐射热估算

本文将油罐火焰近似为矩形辐射源,并考虑为时均模型,讨论了油罐火灾产生热量的热平衡及外辐射能量。结果表明在油罐火灾中,大部分辐射热量为火焰自身吸收,油罐尺寸越大,释放的外辐射热与总释放热量的比例越低。     

油罐消防及火灾探测新技术应用探讨

本文介绍了两种火灾探测新技术，一种是以全波段红外光束为发射源的线型可燃气体探测器；另一种是以光纤作为温度传感媒体的线型光纤感温探测器。并列出了两种探测器应用于大型油库和油罐区的示意图。     

油罐的种类及火灾特性

随着国民经济的飞速发展，石油及石油产品在生产、生活中的应用越来越广泛，各类油库、加油站日益增多，而油罐是储存散装油料最为重要的设备，油罐储油是当前应用最普遍的一种储油方式。油罐内储存的各种油品一般都具有易挥发、易流失、易燃烧、易爆炸等性质，一旦发生火灾，必将造成重大经济损失，因此其防火安全恃别重要，熟悉油罐的种类，了解火灾原因和特点对于做好消防工作具有重要的意义。一、油吃的种类及特点按材质可分为非金属油罐和金属油罐；按埋置形式可分为地下油罐、半地下油罐与地上油罐；按安装形式可分为立式和卧式两种；…     

油罐消防及火灾探测新技术应用探讨

本文介绍了两种火灾探测新技术,一种是以全波段红外光束为发射源的线型可燃气体探测器;另一种是以光纤作为温度传感媒体的线型光纤感温探测器。并列出了两种探测器应用于大型油库和油罐区的示意图。     

小尺寸油罐沸溢火灾试验研究

为研究油罐沸溢火灾的特性和变化过程,采用柴油为试验介质,搭建了小尺寸油罐沸溢火灾试验模型,研究直径为300mm和560mm的油罐在不同含水量和不同油层高度条件下的沸溢特性和沸溢时间随沸溢特征量的变化规律。结果表明:沸溢火灾分三个阶段:稳定燃烧阶段、沸溢初期和沸溢阶段,详细探讨了各阶段火灾特性;结合本试验沸溢发生时间,拟合出沸溢发生时间预测公式,并参考实际案例对其进行验证,计算表明该预测公式准确,误差较小,为沸溢机理的研究和油罐沸溢火灾的扑救提供理论依据。     

原油储罐火灾热波速度的探究

在原油储罐火灾中，沸溢的发生致使火灾事态难以控制和扑救。热波特性是导致原油储罐火灾中发生“沸溢”事故的内在原因，而热波速度是何时发生沸溢的关键要素。文章以油罐火灾理论分析为基础，结合相关试验研究结果，探究原油储罐火灾热波特性主要影响要素，并揭示热波速度与原油组分、含水量、油罐内油品液位以及油罐开口面积的关系，得出相应的结论。     

试论常见几种类型油罐火灾灭火方法及注意事项

本文针对这些年油罐火灾时有发生，给人民生命和财产造成无法挽救的损失，介绍常见几种类型油罐火灾灭火方法及注意事项，具有较强的可操作性、实用性。     

试论几种类型油罐火灾的灭火方法及注意事项

介绍了几种类型油罐火灾的灭火方法及注意事项     

油罐火灾的统计分析

通过对全国油罐火灾案例的统计，分析并量化了不同罐型的火灾危险性、油罐火灾模式、起火原因。在此基础上研究了不同材料、液位高度、容量对油罐破坏形式的影响，并就油罐火灾的起火原因和火灾危险性影响因素进行探讨。     

Predicting the heat release rates of liquid pool fires in mechanically ventilated compartments

In this paper we perform predictive simulations of liquid pool fires in mechanically ventilated compartments. We show that steady state burning rates are accurately predicted using a detailed model for the liquid phase heat transfer. The effect of lowered oxygen vitiation on the burning rate of pool fires is correctly captured. Simulations were done using the Fire Dynamics Simulator and the experiments considered were conducted in the OECD PRISME project. The main difference between the present study and previous simulation studies is the use of a detailed liquid evaporation model and the direct calculation of the vitiation and thermal environment interactions through the CFD solver.     

设置均压罐的热用户与热网连接方式

在热网与热用户之间设置均压罐是热网与热用户的一种间接连接方式，可以改善热水管网的水力失调，提高热水管网的水力稳定性，减少热网系统能耗。介绍了均压罐的作用、特点和工作原理，并举例分析这种连接方式的应用效果。     

Toward predictive simulations of pool fires in mechanically ventilated compartments

The objective of this work is to propose an effective modeling to perform predictive simulations of pool fires in mechanically ventilated compartments, representative of a nuclear installation. These predictive simulations have been conducted using original boundary conditions (BCs) for the fuel mass loss rate and the ventilation mass flow rate, which depend on the surrounding environment. To validate the proposed modeling, the specific BCs were implemented in the ISIS computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tool, developed at IRSN, and three fire tests of the PRISME-Door experimental campaign were simulated. They involved a hydrogenated tetrapropylene (HTP) pool fire in a confined room linked to another one by a doorway; the two rooms being connected to a mechanical ventilation system. The three fire scenarios offer different pool fire areas (0.4 and 1 m²) and air change rates (1.5 and 4.7 h⁻¹). For the one square meter pool fire test, the study presents, in detail, the effects of the boundary conditions modeling. The influence of the ventilation and fuel BCs is analyzed using either fixed value, or variable, function of the surrounding environment, determined by a Bernoulli formulation for the ventilation mass flow rate and by the Peatross and Beyler correlation for the fuel mass loss rate. The results indicate that a full coupling between these two BCs is crucial to correctly predict the main parameters of a fire scenario as fire duration, temperature and oxygen fields, over- and under-pressure peaks in the fire compartment. Variable BCs for ventilation and fuel rates were afterward both used to predictively simulate the fire tests with a pool surface area of 0.4 m². The predicted results are in good agreement with measurements signifying that the model allows to catch the main patterns characteristic of an under-ventilated fire.     

黄磷储罐火灾热辐射下的最小安全距离

基于黄磷燃烧特性实验获得黄磷燃烧特性参数,研究黄磷储罐火灾在热辐射下的最小安全距离,为防火间距的制定提供依据。利用理论计算的方法对黄磷储罐火灾热辐射进行计算,得出最小安全距离。计算结果显示:黄磷储罐火灾热辐射下最小安全距离为7.8m,大于实际的6m,办公室不安全,需要做防火处理。     

地源热泵地埋管换热器传热研究(2):传热过程的完全数学描述

建立了管内流体换热和土壤换热的耦合模型,并在此基础上建立了与地面热泵模型耦合的地源热泵系统仿真模型.给出了边界条件和计算参数的确定方法,计算参数包括:流体与管内壁面的表面传热系数、地面的表面传热系数、大气温度、不同埋深土壤温度、多孔介质土壤有效导热系数.     

邻户间传热问题的计算及分析

针对现行的供暖体制 ,建立了邻户传热过程的数学模型 ,比较了不同户型采暖住宅间的传热问题 ,并指出采暖住宅间传热对同一时间不同地区建筑及室内结露的影响     

加油加气站地下储罐泄漏事故模拟及影响因素分析

利用多相混合数值模拟模型对加油加气站常用石油燃料(汽油、液化石油气)地下储罐不同位置发生泄漏事故在罐池中渗流扩散过程进行模拟,得到汽油、液化石油气(LPG)气相和液相饱和度、危险浓度区域、流速等空间分布规律以及流动趋势变化,并对影响汽油、LPG流动的主要因素进行分析,对比讨论其泄漏渗流扩散的特点。模拟结果表明:在泄漏口周围地下环境条件相同情况下,地下储罐泄漏时汽油渗流扩散比液化石油气渗流扩散缓慢;汽油地下储罐泄漏主要对地下环境造成污染,液化石油气对地下环境造成污染而且给外界环境带来火灾爆炸危险;汽油渗流速度低,整个流场只存在层流,渗流扩散方向主要受重力影响。LPG液相泄漏受重力影响尤为明显;LPG气体渗流扩散方向受出口位置、泄漏速度方向、重力、储罐罐壁形状影响;出口位置是控制气体渗流方向关键因素。     

The 2007 forest fires in the prefecture of Ilia: the views of citizens with regard to the actions taken before,during and after the fires

In 2007, the prefecture of Ilia, Peloponnese, Greece, was struck by very serious fires which were not only the result of extreme weather but also of human omissions and mistakes. This paper examines the views of the citizens of Ilia with regard to the actions of the Fire Department, the municipal authorities, the Forest Service, the citizens and the state, before, during and after the fires.