多层桨搅拌槽内气-液两相局部气含率研究

在直径0.48 m的椭圆底搅拌槽中,研究了以半椭圆管盘式涡轮(HEDT)为底桨、上两层为四叶翼型轴流桨下压操作(WHD)的组合桨(HEDT+2WHD)在搅拌槽内沿径向和轴向的局部气含率分布及不同表观气速对局部气含率的影响.局部气含率沿轴向分布比较均匀,仅在底桨附近有一个极大值,其它位置局部气含率差异较小.随着表观气速增...     

不同温度下空气-聚醚多元醇的搅拌特性

在直径为0.28 m椭圆底搅拌釜内,以空气-聚醚多元醇为实验物系,对20～120℃范围内不同温度下两种三层组合桨的搅拌功率及气含率特性进行了实验研究,并获得了不同组合桨的相对功率消耗及气含率关联式。结果表明：随着通气流量和搅拌转速的增大,两种组合桨的气含率均升高,相对功率消耗均减少;随着温度的升高,两种组合桨的气含率和相对功率消耗均减小。但组合桨Ⅰ（底HEDT＋中WHu＋上WHu）的综合性能要优于组合桨Ⅱ（底6XYK＋中6XDT＋上HEDT）,有利于获得较高的气含率和通气搅拌功率,更适合用于聚合体系气-液两相混合操作过程中。     

不同叶片形状盘式涡轮搅拌桨的气-液分散特性

在直径为0.48 m的椭圆底搅拌槽中,采用包括半椭圆(HEDT)及抛物线(PDT)形叶片的4种盘式涡轮桨,研究了叶片形状对气液两相体系中临界分散、通气功率和气含率的影响. 结果表明,由载气到气泛测得的泛点比气泛到载气测得的泛点明显滞后;比较相同条件下PDT桨与HEDT桨的通气功率和气含率,相同通气准数时,PDT桨的相对功率消耗(Pg/P0)较高,通常大于0.75,且受通气量影响较小;功率消耗相同时,在较宽气量范围内PDT的气含率较HEDT高约5%. PDT桨在相同气量时达到气液分散所需的功率略低,推荐用于工业气液搅拌反应器中.     

半椭圆管盘式涡轮搅拌桨气-液分散特性

在直径为0.476 m的椭圆底搅拌槽中,采用半椭圆管盘式涡轮桨,研究桨径与槽径比D/T变化(分别为0.28, 0.33, 0.4及0.5)对气液两相体系中临界分散、通气功率和气含率的影响. 结果表明,对于D/T较小的搅拌桨,采用由载气到气泛测得的泛点比气泛到载气测得的泛点明显滞后,但随D/T增大泛点滞后现象消失;在相同通气量下,D/T对相对功率需求(Pg/P0)的影响不大;功率消耗相同时,低通气量时气含率随D/T增大略有增大,但高通气量时恰好相反. 研究结果及泛点、通气功率、气含率关联式对工业气液搅拌反应器设计操作具有参考价值.     

不通气的沸腾汽-液-固三相搅拌槽中的汽液分散和固体悬浮

在直径为0.476 m的椭圆底搅拌槽中,采用直径为0.238 m的单层六叶深凹叶盘式涡轮桨(HEDT),在液位为0.5 m的全挡板条件下研究了沸腾状态下,蒸汽、去离子水和玻璃珠组成的汽-液-固体系中搅拌功率、气含率及固体颗粒完全离底悬浮特性,并与常温通空气三相体系进行对比.研究结果表明,沸腾条件下的流体动力学性能与常温通气体系相比存在较大差异.在沸腾条件下,搅拌功率消耗随着搅拌转速的增加有所下降,但HEDT桨具有较高的载气能力,即使在高叶端线速度下,相对功率消耗(RPD)仍能保持在较高的水平;沸腾体系的气含率随单位质量流体输入功率的增加表现出先增后减的规律,即存在气含率的极大值,蒸汽成核位置和固体颗粒悬浮特性随搅拌功率增加而改变是造成上述行为的主要原因;沸腾体系中的气含率远远低于常温通空气体系.临界悬浮搅拌转速(NJSG)随固相体积分率的增加略有增加;沸腾体系中蒸汽量的变化对NJSG影响远小于常温通气体系.研究结果对于工业沸腾态三相搅拌反应器的设计和操作具有一定的参考价值.     

上浮颗粒特性对三相搅拌槽内固-液悬浮及气-液分散的影响

在直径为0.476m(T)的椭圆底有机玻璃搅拌槽中,采用作者此前研究优选的多层组合桨(HEDT WHD WHU),分别选用粒径在0.5至4mm、密度范围在900至955kg(m(3的聚丙烯(PP)颗粒及粉料、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)颗粒、高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)颗粒作为上浮固体,操作液位为1.5～1.8T,研究了颗粒特性及操作液位对空气-水-上浮固体三相体系的固-液悬浮及气-液分散性能的影响.结果表明:对于同种颗粒,其表面状态对悬浮特性有较大的影响,颗粒表面因含有少量残余溶剂而呈现部分憎水特性时,达到液面处颗粒停留时间不大于1～2秒的临界悬浮状态所需搅拌转速及输入功率显著增加;此时减少上层桨与液面的距离对降低临界悬浮转速及功率有较大贡献.当颗粒种类不同,表面状态及粒径相近时,液固密度差越大,所需悬浮转速越高;但相同输入功率及表观气速时的气含率相差不大.液固密度差相近时,颗粒越小越易被悬浮,但颗粒越小浓度增加使三相体系的气含率降低的幅度越大.对于不同颗粒所得气含率关联式及悬浮特性研究结果可为工业气液固搅拌槽/反应器的优化设计提供参考.     

用电导探针测定气-液多层桨搅拌槽内气泡尺寸分布

在直径0.48 m的椭圆底三层组合桨搅拌槽中,使用双电导探针测定常温24℃及热态81℃通气条件下,空气-去离子水体系的局部气泡尺寸分布,分别利用标定法及数学重构法进行数据处理,得出适宜方法为数值解析的重构法.采用以半椭圆管盘式涡轮(HEDT)为底桨,上两层分别为四叶轴流桨下压(WHD)及上提(WHu)操作的HEDT+2...     

电解质对搅拌反应器中气-液分散特性的影响

在直径为0.48 m的椭圆底搅拌槽中,采用以半椭圆管盘式涡轮桨为底桨、上提操作的宽叶翼形桨为中、上层桨的三层组合桨,研究了硫酸钠溶液浓度对搅拌功率和气含率等气液分散特性的影响. 结果表明,相对功率需求(Pg/P0)随硫酸钠溶液浓度升高而下降,但当其浓度大于0.2 mol/L时,Pg/P0几乎不再随浓度变化而变化. 随体系温度升高,Pg/P0上升,但上升幅度略小于去离子水体系. 气含率随硫酸钠溶液浓度增加而提高,但增幅逐渐减缓,硫酸钠浓度为0.5 mol/L时气含率比去离子水体系增大约47%. 随温度升高,气含率有所下降,温度由24℃升至68℃,非凝并体系中整体气含率平均减小11%,而在凝并体系中减小约40%.     

多层桨搅拌槽内的液-液分散特性

在直径为0．476m的椭圆底圆柱形搅拌槽内,以水／航空煤油及水／环己烷为实验体系,研究了Rushton涡轮式搅拌桨(RT-6)、六半椭圆管涡轮式搅拌桨(HEDT)、折叶轴流式搅拌桨及翼形轴流式搅拌桨(CBY)的6种不同组合桨的液-液分散特性,用取样法测定了分散相体积分数的轴向分布及体系澄清时间。结果表明,组合桨中的底桨在液-液分散中发挥了主要作用。单位体积输入功率相同时,底桨为CBY的组合桨进行液-液分散后,液滴的平均滴径最小,体系澄清时间较长;底桨为HEDT的组合桨的分散效果次之;底桨为RT-6的组合桨因滴径分布较宽,虽然平均滴径最大,但澄清时间也较长。     

双层桨自吸式搅拌槽气-液分散性能

对一双层桨自吸式搅拌槽内气液分散性能进行了研究,在有无定子两种情况下,对比了不同桨型组合的搅拌功率、相对功率消耗、气含率和容积传氧系数。结果表明:自吸式搅拌槽可以有效降低功率消耗;6P-6PDTU(抛物线型桨与六叶上斜叶桨)组合的功率消耗小于6DT-6PDTU(六直叶圆盘桨与六叶上斜叶桨)组合,相对功率消耗更接近于1;气含率和容积传氧系数小于6DT-6PDTU组合。研究表明,虽然6DT-6PDTU组合的搅拌功率较大,且不利于气液分散和混合,但吸气量和气液两相之间的传质效果较好。     

Mass transfer in gas–liquid stirred reactor with various triple-impeller combinations

The gassed power demand and volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kLa) were investigated in a fully baffled, dished-base stirred vessel with a diameter of 0.30 m agitated by five triple-impeller combinations. Six types of impellers (six-half-elliptical-blade disk turbine (HEDT), four-wide-blade hydrofoil impeller (WH) pumping down (D) and pumping up (U), parabolic-blade disk turbine (PDT), and CBY narrow blade (N) and wide blade (W)) were used to form five combinations identified by PDT + 2CBYN, PDT + 2CBYW, PDT + 2WHD, HEDT + 2WHD and HEDT + 2WHU, respectively. The results show that the relative power demand of HEDT+2WHU is higher than that of other four impeller combinations under all operating conditions. At low superficial gas velocity (uG), kLa differences among impeller combinations are not obvious. However, when uG is high, PDT+2WHD shows the best mass transfer performance and HEDT+2WHU shows the worst mass trans-fer performance under al operating conditions. At high uG and a given power input, the impel er combinations with high agitation speed and big projection cross-sectional area lead to relatively high values of kLa. Based on the experimental data, the regressed correlations of gassed power number with Froude number and gas flow number, and kLa with power consumption and superficial gas velocity are obtained for five different impeller combinations, which could be used as guidance for industrial design.     

多层新型桨搅拌槽内气-液两相流动的实验与数值模拟

对三层新型组合桨气-液两相搅拌槽内的流体流动进行了实验研究,并采用计算流体力学(CFD)的方法对气-液两相搅拌槽的通气搅拌功率、流场、局部气含率及总体气含率进行了数值模拟,数值模拟采用了欧拉-欧拉方法,数值模拟结果与实验值吻合良好,同时考察了通气流量和搅拌转速对通气搅拌功率和气含率的影响规律. 研究结果表明,欧拉-欧拉方法能较好地模拟搅拌槽内气-液两相流的流动状况.     

搅拌槽内气液两相混沌混合及分散特性

传统Rushton刚性桨常应用于过程工业中搅拌反应器内的气液分散过程,但由于桨叶背后易形成较大的气穴,气液混合效果较差。为了提高搅拌槽内气液两相的混合效果,提出了一种刚柔组合桨强化气液两相的分散过程。利用LabVIEW软件处理刚性桨和刚柔组合桨体系中气液混合过程的压力脉动信号,通过Matlab软件编程计算最大Lyapunov指数（LLE）,分析气液混合体系的混沌混合行为,同时,对刚性桨和刚柔组合桨体系中的相对搅拌功耗、整体气含率、局部气含率进行测量。结果表明,在功耗为170 W,通气量为10 m³·h^-1条件下,与刚性桨相比,刚柔组合桨能够通过刚-柔-流的耦合作用促进桨叶能量的传递过程,提高搅拌体系的混沌混合程度,刚柔组合桨体系的LLE提高了8.89%。同时,在相同操作条件下,与刚性桨相比,刚柔组合桨能够有效提高相对搅拌功耗以及搅拌槽内的整体气含率和局部气含率,且搅拌槽内气体分散更为均匀。     

具有双层桨结构的自吸式搅拌反应器的流体力学性能

在直径0.48 m的搅拌槽中以水?空气为介质,对具有双层桨结构的自吸式反应器的流体力学性能进行了实验研究,考察了自吸式桨浸没深度、底层桨结构和搅拌桨层间距对自吸式桨的临界吸气转速、吸气速率和气含率的影响。结果表明,临界吸气转速随自吸式桨浸没深度增加而增加,临界吸气转速几乎与下层桨的结构无关;吸气速率与气含率随浸没深度增加而减小,吸气速率与气含率受下层桨影响较大,层间距为自吸式桨直径(D)且采用上推式的四叶宽叶翼形轴流式桨作下层桨时,自吸式桨的吸气性能最佳。     

GAS DISPERSION AND SOLID SUSPENSION IN A THREE-PHASE STIRRED TANK WITH MULTIPLE IMPELLERS

Despite much research on gas-liquid-solid systems and their widespread application in industry, gas dispersion with solid suspension in multistage stirred reactors equipped with multiple impellers has received little attention. We report here the critical just-suspension impeller speed for different concentrations of solid particles, gas holdup, and shaft power in a vessel of 0.48 m diameter with four baffles and dished base. Five agitator configurations, each with three impellers mounted on a single shaft, have been used in the experiments. Two novel impeller designs were used, a deep hollow blade (semi-ellipse) disc turbine (HEDT) and four-wide-blade hydrofoil impellers. The hydrofoils were used in both up-pumping (WH_U) and down-pumping (WH_D) modes. Glass beads of 50 ∼ 150 μm diameter and density 2500 kg · m^-3 were suspended at solid volumetric concentrations of 1.5, 3, 6, 9, and 15%. Results show that these suspended solids have little effect on the relative power demand. Agitators using the HEDT radial dispersing impeller at the bottom have a higher relative power demand (RPD = P_G/P_U) than those with WH_D or WH_U as the lowest one. For all impeller combinations there is little or no effect on gas holdup with increasing solid concentrations. Of the five different impeller combinations, those with an axial flow bottom impeller have significantly higher just-suspension agitation speeds and power consumption, so mounting the hydrofoil impeller at the bottom is not the optimal configuration for particle suspension. Of these impeller combinations, at a given gas flow rate the arrangement of HEDT + 2WH_U has the highest relative power demand, gas holdup, and power input for both the suspension of settling particles and gas dispersion.     

GAS DISPERSION AND SOLID SUSPENSION IN A THREE-PHASE STIRRED TANK WITH MULTIPLE IMPELLERS

Despite much research on gas-liquid-solid systems and their widespread application in industry, gas dispersion with solid suspension in multistage stirred reactors equipped with multiple impellers has received little attention. We report here the critical just-suspension impeller speed for different concentrations of solid particles, gas holdup, and shaft power in a vessel of 0.48 m diameter with four baffles and dished base. Five agitator configurations, each with three impellers mounted on a single shaft, have been used in the experiments. Two novel impeller designs were used, a deep hollow blade (semi-ellipse) disc turbine (HEDT) and four-wide-blade hydrofoil impellers. The hydrofoils were used in both up-pumping (WH_U) and down-pumping (WH_D) modes. Glass beads of 50 ～ 150 μm diameter and density 2500 kg · m^?3 were suspended at solid volumetric concentrations of 1.5, 3, 6, 9, and 15%. Results show that these suspended solids have little effect on the relative power demand. Agitators using the HEDT radial dispersing impeller at the bottom have a higher relative power demand (RPD = P_G/P_U) than those with WH_D or WH_U as the lowest one. For all impeller combinations there is little or no effect on gas holdup with increasing solid concentrations. Of the five different impeller combinations, those with an axial flow bottom impeller have significantly higher just-suspension agitation speeds and power consumption, so mounting the hydrofoil impeller at the bottom is not the optimal configuration for particle suspension. Of these impeller combinations, at a given gas flow rate the arrangement of HEDT + 2WH_U has the highest relative power demand, gas holdup, and power input for both the suspension of settling particles and gas dispersion.     

新型搅拌桨在环己烷氧化生产环己酮中的应用

研究了6种组合浆型搅拌槽反应器在气-液两相中功率消耗和气含率的变化情况。结果表明,底浆为六叶半椭圆管盘式涡轮(HEDT)浆、上层浆为宽叶翼形(WH)下压或上提浆浆叶组合,气液分散效果最佳。该新型搅拌浆应用于环己烷氧化生产环己酮工业装置后,氧化反应和分解反应顺利,装置生产能力提高了28t/d,环己酮消耗环己烷量及碱液量分别下降8kg/t和12kg/t。