基于少模光纤的轴对称偏振光束的产生

首先介绍了轴对称偏振光束的基本概念以及特性,然后以少模光纤为模式转换器,通过旋转偏振控制器上光纤挤压器的旋钮对光纤中间部分施加压力,同时配合旋转光纤挤压器,以实验的方式获得了不同模式的轴对称偏振光束。通过调节偏振控制器以及输入光束和光纤的离轴状态,分别得到了径向偏振TM01模式,角向偏振TE01模式,奇数混合偏振HEodd21模式,偶数混合偏振HEeven21模式,以及线偏振HE11模式五种光纤所激发的模式。同时,还通过干涉实验中叉形光栅结构证明了相位奇点的存在。     

激光制导中偏振态动态检测技术研究

研究了激光制导中弹体旋转或光场时变与光速偏振态间的关系,在对偏振光信号特征参数分析的基础上,介绍了一种动态检测光偏振状态的方法,采用特定的相位延迟器及差和比的数据处理方式,可以消除测量装置与偏振光相对旋转的影响,并利用琼斯矩阵法分析了这一工作原理.研制的测量装置能实时给出偏振光的旋向和椭圆度.实验结果表明,相对旋转对偏振态测量的影响确实可以消除.     

基于偏振分束的磁光成像技术研究

针对现有磁光成像技术的测量结果难以量化且受光源波动影响较大的问题,提出了一种基于偏振分束的磁光成像新方法.根据偏振光的琼斯矢量描述方法推导出偏振分束法测量旋光角度的模型,并由此模型分析得出,从旋光物质出射的偏振光经偏振分束装置后输出的平行分量和垂直分量进行“差除和”的结果与入射光强无关,只和旋光角度值相关;由此原理,设计了基于CCD的检测平台,对旋光角度场进行了测量实验,又采用归一化互相关和“差除和”算法对测量图像进行了处理;最后,进行了基于该方法的磁光成像应用实验研究.实验结果表明,与传统磁场成像方法相比,该方法操作简单,结果易于量化,不受光强波动影响,误差降低约3倍,且稳定性较好.     

染料调Q的Nd3+:YAG激光器偏振性测试

为了确定染料调Q的Nd3+:YAG激光器发射的单次激光脉冲的偏振性,利用偏振分束立方体和双通道激光能量计,实验测量了激光脉冲经偏振分束后P偏振光和S偏振光的能量比,分析总结了激光器的偏振性.结果表明:激光器偏振性个体差异很大,不存在统一性;每一台激光器都有各自的偏振性,同一台激光器前后发射的激光脉冲的偏振性可能一致,也可能变化较小,也可能完全随机.产生偏振性的具体原因有待进一步研究.     

仿生偏振视觉定位定向机理与实验

为了有效利用全天域的偏振光信息,探究仿生偏振光导航机理,设计了偏振视觉传感器。介绍了基于四相机的偏振视觉传感器及其标定方法,推导了冗余配置下偏振态的最小二乘估计算法。分析了基于一阶瑞利散射模型的天空光偏振模式,将太阳方向矢量的最优估计问题转化为求解矩阵的特征向量问题,推导出了基于天空光偏振模式的定位定向算法。最后,设计了静态实验与转动实验,对理论分析结果进行了验证。实验结果显示:测量的天空光偏振模式与瑞利散射模型相一致,并可从中成功提取太阳方向矢量。静态实验测量的太阳天顶角的最大误差约为0.4°,误差标准差为0.14°;基于1h对天空偏振光的观测数据实现的定位误差为68.6km。转动实验(转动两周)得到的最大定向误差约为0.5°,误差标准差为0.28°。研究结果揭示了生物利用偏振光导航的机理,为仿生偏振光导航的应用提供了理论依据。     

染料调Q的Nd3+∶YAG激光器偏振性测试

为了确定染料调Q的Nd3+∶YAG激光器发射的单次激光脉冲的偏振性,利用偏振分束立方体和双通道激光能量计,实验测量了激光脉冲经偏振分束后P偏振光和S偏振光的能量比,分析总结了激光器的偏振性。结果表明:激光器偏振性个体差异很大,不存在统一性;每一台激光器都有各自的偏振性,同一台激光器前后发射的激光脉冲的偏振性可能一致,也可能变化较小,也可能完全随机。产生偏振性的具体原因有待进一步研究。     

染料调Q的Nd3+∶YAG激光器偏振性测试

为了确定染料调Q的Nd3+:YAG激光器发射的单次激光脉冲的偏振性,利用偏振分束立方体和双通道激光能量计,实验测量了激光脉冲经偏振分束后P偏振光和S偏振光的能量比,分析总结了激光器的偏振性.结果表明:激光器偏振性个体差异很大,不存在统一性;每一台激光器都有各自的偏振性,同一台激光器前后发射的激光脉冲的偏振性可能一致,也...     

Wollaston棱镜偏振非正交对空间测角系统的影响

为了在一定平移范围内实现快速空间测角系统的测量功能,对一定入射及方位角的光束经过Wollaston棱镜后引起的两出射光束的偏振非正交及进而引起的系统测角误差进行了研究。首先,建立系统坐标系模型,采用光线追迹法,并利用坐标变化的方式,对任意入射角和方位角下Wollaston棱镜的偏振非正交进行了理论推导。接着,对偏振非正交与入射角的关系及它对系统测角精度的影响进行了Matlab仿真。仿真结果表明,随着偏振非正交及空间方位角的变大,系统测量误差变大,且Wollaston棱镜偏振非正交对系统测角精度的影响较大;当方位角为3°,偏振非正交为10′时,测角误差为30″。最后,通过分析偏振非正交的产生原因,改进了原有光源扩束系统,改善了偏振非正交对系统测角精度的影响,减小了测角误差。本文的研究成果对优化系统结构并进一步提高系统性能具有一定的指导意义。     

通信系统中光信噪比和偏振模色散的同时监测

提出了一种用偏振扰频和偏振光分束相结合实现光信噪比和偏振模色散同时监测的简便方法,通过测量两正交偏振测量臂中的偏振信号的光功率和消偏的背景噪声得到光信噪比(OSNR)和偏振模色散(PMD).监测得到的OSNR和PMD是相互独立的,从而使得网络操作者能够区分传输链路中光噪声和偏振模色散的影响.对20 Gb/s的传输链路的实验表明,OSNR的变化范围在18～36dB,PMD值的变化范围为0～73ps.     

实验产生超分辨光学聚焦暗斑

用二元相位器件调制角向偏振激光光束,然后用高数值孔径物镜聚焦,在实验上产生了一个超分辨光学聚焦暗斑。二元相位器件的调制作用是通过让角向偏振光束经一块刻有多环同心环状凹槽的玻璃基板实现的。用刀口法检测了焦点附近的3D光束分布特性,得到了尺寸是0.32λ且在4λ左右的长度内保持不变的超分辨暗斑。这样的光学聚焦暗斑可能会应用于超分辨显微技术和光学捕获。     

Unsteady flowmeter

An original method is presented to measure time resolved unsteady flow rate. From the kinetic energy theorem, the balance equation of the kinetic energy is integrated on a conical control volume (Venturi type). A non-linear ODE is obtained, simple enough to be resolved in real-time (that is to say in less than one time step). The two coefficients of the ODE depend only on the geometry of the device and are hence known by construction, it is therefore not necessary to calibrate the device. Experimental measurements at the intake of a combustion engine show that the device provides unsteady flow rate. By temporal integration, the unsteady measurements give a mean flow rate close to the reference flowmeter.The same analysis is then applied to a cylindrical control volume with a singular pressure drop (induce by a grid for example). In this case, one of the two coefficients of the ODE must be determined experimentally. Experimental measurements carried out with this device at the intake of a combustion engine show that this second method follows the flow fluctuations. A good agreement is found between unsteady measurements integrated over a whole number of periods and reference mass flowmeter. The inversions of direction of the flow are taken into account by the prototype. This device, more compact than the conical version (Venturi type), allows real-time measurements of the unsteady flow rate.     

基于双环形旋涡相位调制的多焦点产生

为提高光学显微成像及微粒控制的效率,提出一种通过双环形旋涡相位板对入射光为拉盖尔高斯柱矢量光束进行波前相位调制的多焦点产生方法。通过Debye矢量衍射理论分析了该相位板对焦点区域光强分布的影响。分析表明,经调节内外环旋涡相位拓扑数及内环的半径,可以对焦点区域光强分布进行整形,在焦平面上产生多焦点,而且通过改变入射柱矢量光束的偏振态,可以进一步得到光场由轴向分量为主的多焦点及由横向分量组成的多焦点。通过改变旋涡相位板的拓扑数及光束的参数,可以达到对光斑的数量的控制。这对于捕捉折射率高于周围环境折射率的微粒具有重要的应用价值。     

Nanosecond response 'gasket-type' magnetic loop current monitor for relativistic electron beam current measurements

A fast response magnetic loop current monitor has been developed to measure relativistic electron beam return currents. The monitor has a rise time of about a nanosecond and a high degree of symmetry with moderate sensitivity, variable from about 1 to 10 V/kA. This simple monitor, with a thickness of 0.254 mm or less, is thin enough to be placed between segments of return current path in the diode or drift tube regions, is insensitive to flashover, beam and plasma bombardment, and radiation effects, and measures net current, thus offering some advantages over conventional magnetic probes, since the main components are outside of the vacuum region. Design criteria, an equivalent circuit analysis, and typical calibration waveforms are presented. Experimental current measurements for a pinched electron beam diode configuration using both conventional magnetic probes and 'gasket-type'current monitors with the FX-75 relativistic electron beam accelerator are presented.     

用线切割机床加工轴类零件的工装设计

设计制作了线切割机床加工圆柱形零件的自动分中工装,使用该工装加工可获得较高的对称度精度,并提高加工效率;该工装的工作原理,可供同行参考。     

Apparatus for vectorial Kerr confocal microscopy

We present a confocal microscopy setup that is able to record magneto-optical hysteresis cycles separating the in-plane and out-of-plane magnetization components. This apparatus is based on a modified commercial microscope, where the light beam has been deviated from the cylindrical symmetry axis of the objective lenses by inserting a translating plate in the optical path. The instrument allows for the magneto-optical imaging with a lateral resolution of 600 nm at λ = 635 nm light wavelength.     

大尺寸回转体型面点坐标及形心轴线测量系统的研制

针对大型回转体型面测量问题,根据柱坐标机的测量原理,研制了大尺寸回转体型面点坐标及形心轴线测量系统。对影响系统测量精度的不确定度因素进行了量化分析。应用双频激光干涉仪和激光跟踪仪与该系统进行了测量数据比对。该系统不仅能测量回转体工件的任意截面点坐标和形心轴线,还可测量圆柱度、径向跳动、同轴度等,具有高精度、高效率、操作简单等特点。     

Dynamic properties and stability of tunnel-hole bearings of finite width

Pressure distribution, static characteristics, dynamic properties, and stability characteristics of cylindrical bearings with ‘tunnel-holes’ drilled in them are calculated by the finite element method (FEM). Experimental measurements are made by the method of sinusoidal excitation. Comparison between theoretical and experimental results is satisfactory and it can be seen from the results that a tunnel-hole bearing with suitably chosen geometrical parameters is much more stable than a common cylindrical bearing. This suggests a new working principle of improving the bearing stability effectively without simultaneously impairing the static properties, and involving simple construction.     

Magnetic multipole line-cusp plasma generator for neutral beam injectors

The magnetic multipole line-cusp device developed by MacKenzie and associates has been adapted for use as a neutral beam ion source. It has produced high-density, large volume, quiescent, uniform hydrogen plasmas, which makes it a potential candidate for use as a plasma generator for neutral beam injectors. The device is a water-cooled cylindrical copper discharge chamber (25 cm in diameter by 36 cm long) with one end enclosed by a set of extraction grids with a 15-cm-diam multi-aperture pattern. The chamber wall serves as an anode and is surrounded by an external system of rare-earth cobalt magnets arranged in a line-cusp geometry of 12 cusps; plasma is produced by electron emission from a hot cathode assembly. This source has achieved extracted beam currents of 12 A at 18.5 kV, radial plasma density uniformities of +/-5% over a 15-cm diameter, noise levels of less than +/-0.5%, and arc efficiencies (beam current/arc power) of 0.6 A/kW.     

Magnetic compound refractive lens for focusing and polarizing cold neutron beams

Biconcave cylindrical lenses are used to focus beams of x rays or neutrons using the refractive properties of matter. In the case of neutrons, the refractive properties of magnetic induction can similarly focus and simultaneously polarize the neutron beam without the concomitant attenuation of matter. This concept of a magnetic refractive lens was tested using a compound lens consisting of 99 pairs of cylindrical permanent magnets. The assembly successfully focused the intensity of a white beam of cold neutrons of one spin state at the detector, while defocusing the other. This experiment confirmed that a lens of this nature may boost the intensity locally by almost an order of magnitude and create a polarized beam. An estimate of the performance of a more practically dimensioned device suitable for incorporation in reflectometers and slit-geometry small angle scattering instruments is given.     

Development of a radio-frequency ion beam source for fast-ion studies on the large plasma device

A helium ion beam source (23 kV/2.0 A) has been constructed for studying fast-ion physics in the cylindrical magnetized plasma of the large plasma device (LAPD). An inductive RF source produces a 10(19) m(-3) density plasma in a ceramic dome. A multi-aperture, rectangular (8 cm × 8 cm) three-grid system extracts the ion beam from the RF plasma. The ion beam is injected at a variety of pitch angles with Alfve?nic speeds in the LAPD. The beam current is intense enough to excite magnetic perturbations in the ambient plasma. Measurements of the ion beam profile were made to achieve an optimum beam performance and a reliable source operation was demonstrated on the LAPD.