Ontology-based knowledge management

The Web's very popularity is making it more difficult to find, present, and maintain the data that users with a wide range of tasks and computer skills need. Existing document management systems use keyword matching as a search method, combined with information retrieval rather than query answering. In addition, these systems offer limited information-sharing facilities, and they do not support different views on documents or information maintenance. To address these weaknesses, a European consortium formed the On-to-Knowledge Project to build an ontology-based tool suite that efficiently processes the many heterogeneous, distributed, and semistructured documents typically found in intranets and on the Web. The consortium's approach integrates Semantic Web search technology, document exchange via transformation operators, automated information extraction, and systematic support for information maintenance and user-specific views. The paper considers how On-to-Knowledge's tools exploit the power of ontologies to provide automated support for acquiring, maintaining, and accessing weakly structured information sources.     

Workflow View Driven Cross-Organizational Interoperability in a Web Service Environment

Workflow technology has recently been employed not only within businesses but also as a framework for implementing e-services over the Internet. Such e-services typically require collaborative enactment of workflows across multiple organizations. In this paper, we propose the use of workflow views as a fundamental support mechanism for the interoperability of multiple workflows across business organizations. We present a meta-model of workflow views and their semantics using a cross-organization workflow example based on a supply-chain e-service. We also formulate an interoperation model of workflow views and its consistency criteria. Finally, this paper presents an implementation of the model based on XML and contemporary Web services technologies, with adaptation to our E-ADOME workflow engine.     

Web信息抽取网页自动浏览导航与集成规则研究

We b中蕴藏着大量有价值的数据,过去十几年中,针对We b信息抽取技术已有较多的研究。而现有的研究和系统多集中在数据抽取处理阶段,忽略或简化了完整的We b信息抽取过程需要的网页自动浏览导航和集成处理。为克服这些不足,提出了包含浏览导航、数据抽取和集成过程的三阶段We b信息抽取处理模型,基于此进一步研究提出了自动浏览导航模型,并设计实现了网页自动浏览导航规则语言。研究提出了一种We b数据抽取、转换和集成（extraction-transformation-integration,ETI）模型,设计实现了一套灵活有效的数据集成和流程控制规则语言,能有效地维护跨网页数据记录的复杂关系,并提供灵活的流程控制能力。抽取实例的结果表明,该规则语言和系统可有效完成全过程化的We b信息抽取集成处理功能。     

Collegial activity learning between heterogeneous sensors

Activity recognition algorithms have matured and become more ubiquitous in recent years. However, these algorithms are typically customized for a particular sensor platform. In this paper, we introduce PECO, a Personalized activity ECOsystem, that transfers learned activity information seamlessly between sensor platforms in real time so that any available sensor can continue to track activities without requiring its own extensive labeled training data. We introduce a multi-view transfer learning algorithm that facilitates this information handoff between sensor platforms and provide theoretical performance bounds for the algorithm. In addition, we empirically evaluate PECO using datasets that utilize heterogeneous sensor platforms to perform activity recognition. These results indicate that not only can activity recognition algorithms transfer important information to new sensor platforms, but any number of platforms can work together as colleagues to boost performance.     

基于工作流引擎的构件组装体系结构

近年来,软件体系结构(SA)、基于构件的软件开发技术(CBSD)等开始在软件开发中发挥出重要的作用.CBSD应用的成功主要体现在自底向上构造系统的方法上.目前,对SA的研究还缺乏一种自顶向下的构件动态组装方法,尤其是过程构件的组装.以工作流技术为基础,以基于Web应用为背景,研究了基于工作流引擎的构件组装方法.从业务过程的基本要素——业务对象、控制流和数据流入手,详细分析了这些要素在构件环境下的特点和交互模式,并以此为基础提出了一种基于工作流的引擎的过程构件组装体系结构.该体系结构中除了考虑常规的控制流驱动的构件组装外,还深入研究了文档型的数据流驱动的构件组装机制,能够为其他研究者将文档型工作流技术应用于软件构件组装提供借鉴和参考.     

基于本体实现有效Web信息检索

基于关键词处理的传统检索技术会在检索过程中遗漏大量与检索概念相关或同义的内容。针对这种情况,提出了一种基于本体的Web信息检索模型。另外该模型通过解析语义文档并分析所需的概念属性之间的关系得到一定的相似度,并在检索过程中利用该相似度进行语义扩展。     

HIPAA's Effect on Web Site Privacy Policies

Healthcare institutions typically post their privacy practices online as privacy policy documents. We conducted a longitudinal study that examines the effects of HIPAA's enactment on a collection of privacy policy documents for a fixed set of organizations over a four-year period. We present our analysis of 24 healthcare privacy policy documents from nine healthcare Web sites, analyzed using goal mining, a content-analysis method that supports extraction of useful information about institutions' privacy practices from documents. We compare our results to our pre-HIPAA study of these same institutions' online privacy practices and evaluate their evolution in the presence of privacy laws     

Classifying web documents in a hierarchy of categories: a comprehensive study

Most of the research on text categorization has focused on classifying text documents into a set of categories with no structural relationships among them (flat classification). However, in many information repositories documents are organized in a hierarchy of categories to support a thematic search by browsing topics of interests. The consideration of the hierarchical relationship among categories opens several additional issues in the development of methods for automated document classification. Questions concern the representation of documents, the learning process, the classification process and the evaluation criteria of experimental results. They are systematically investigated in this paper, whose main contribution is a general hierarchical text categorization framework where the hierarchy of categories is involved in all phases of automated document classification, namely feature selection, learning and classification of a new document. An automated threshold determination method for classification scores is embedded in the proposed framework. It can be applied to any classifier that returns a degree of membership of a document to a category. In this work three learning methods are considered for the construction of document classifiers, namely centroid-based, naïve Bayes and SVM. The proposed framework has been implemented in the system WebClassIII and has been tested on three datasets (Yahoo, DMOZ, RCV1) which present a variety of situations in terms of hierarchical structure. Experimental results are reported and several conclusions are drawn on the comparison of the flat vs. the hierarchical approach as well as on the comparison of different hierarchical classifiers. The paper concludes with a review of related work and a discussion of previous findings vs. our findings.     

基于Web服务的异构工作流互联接口设计

为了实现企业间异构工作流系统的优势互补和信息共享,针对工作流呈现出的异构、分布等特点,提出了一种基于Web服务的异构工作流流程互联接口设计,以解决异构流程互联问题。从调用接口、调用方式、调用返回等三个方面描述了基于Web服务的流程互联解决方案;并以XPDL描述的SynchroFlow工作流流程与BPEL描述的ODE工作流流程为例,实现了这两种异构工作流的流程相互调用。     

Discovering Document Semantics QBYS: A System for Querying the WWW by Semantics

This paper describes our research into a query-by-semantics approach to searching the World Wide Web. This research extends existing work, which had focused on a query-by-structure approach for the Web. We present a system that allows users to request documents containing not only specific content information, but also to specify that documents be of a certain type. The system captures and utilizes structure information as well as content during a distributed query of the Web. The system also allows the user the option of creating their own document types by providing the system with example documents. In addition, although the system still gives users the option of dynamically querying the web, the incorporation of a document database has improved the response time involved in the search process. Based on extensive testing and validation presented herein, it is clear that a system that incorporates structure and document semantic information into the query process can significantly improve search results over the standard keyword search.     

Workflow automation based on OSI job transfer and manipulation

This paper shows that Workflow Management Systems (WFMS) and a data communication standard called Job Transfer and Manipulation (JTM) are built on the same concepts, even though different words are used. The paper analyses the correspondence of workflow concepts and JTM concepts. Besides, the correspondence of relationships between those concepts is analysed as well. Thus, we show that JTM is suitable for triggering activities, coordination of work, routing of documents, handling exceptions, safeguarding the integrity of business transactions and retrieving information from business processes. This implies that JTM can be used to support workflows and to provide interoperability between different brands of workflow tools.     

Aligning Collaborative Business Processes—An Organization-Oriented Perspective

Business collaboration encompasses the coordination of information flows among organizations as well as the composition of their business processes toward mutual benefits. While integrating business processes of different organizations seamlessly, it brings great challenges to keep participating organizations as autonomous entities. To address this issue, we propose a new perspective on modeling collaborative business processes with a novel concept called relative workflow (RWF). With its visibility control mechanism, the RWF model defines what a participating organization can perceive in collaboration and thereby allows each organization to customize its own collaboration process and behaviors. In this paper, we present a formal definition of RWFs and related algorithms for generating RWFs. A prototype is implemented on the Web service platform for the proof-of-concept purpose.     

Web interaction using very small Internet devices

Internet-enabled cell phones typically accommodate only three to 12 text lines, and their design emphasizes portability. Web interaction has, so far, been a secondary concern. For the most part, automated techniques to address the feature gap between the desktop and these phonetops rely on the notion of transducing-translating HTML and images into formats compatible with small devices, which typically cannot handle HTML content. The authors have developed a Web browsing model that supports navigation and action in separate interfaces, To demonstrate the model, they created m-Links, a middleware proxy system that retrieves Web documents using HTTP, lets users navigate and apply services to Web content, and delivers a suitable user interface to a variety of small Web-capable wireless devices.     

基于Web服务面向虚拟企业的柔性工作流管理技术研究

虚拟企业中盟员和其提供的服务是动态变化的．文中提出将工作流过程模型描述的活动规范中包含一个或多个Web服务请求,通过引入Web服务和Web服务请求的定义和约束,在活动实例的执行过程中实现Web服务请求与最佳Web服务提供企业动态的服务绑定和调用,由于虚拟企业内部的变化不会影响到各盟员业务过程的正常运行,因此具有较高的柔性和自适应性．     

WfMS:工作流管理系统

工作流管理系统的主要目标是通过合理地调用和配有关的信息及人力资源来协调业务过程中的各个活动,以促使业务目标的高效实现。在计算机和网络使用得越来越广泛的今天,工作流管理系统正在吸引起自研究机构及产业界越来越多的关流。本文对工作流管理系统的研究现状了了一个总结,详细介绍同工作流有关概念,分类,工作流管理联盟关于工作流管理系统的参考模型及以及当前的一些研究热点与发展趋势。     

Web Service Composition Using a Deductive XML Rule Language

This paper describes a knowledge-based Web Service composition system, called SWIM, which is based on the Service Domain model. Service Domains are communities of related Web Services that are mediated by a single Web Service, called the Mediator Service, which functions as a proxy for them. When a requestor sends a message to the Mediator Service one or more of the related Web Services are selected to dispatch the message and the results returned are aggregated to a single answer to the requestor. Mediator Services can be further composed to more complex Mediator Services that combine several selection and aggregation algorithms among many heterogeneous web services. The system utilizes the X-DEVICE deductive XML rule language for defining complex algorithms for selecting registered web services, combining the results, and synchronizing the workflow of information among the combined web services in a declarative way. In the paper, we demonstrate the flexibility and expressibility of our approach for composing Web Services using several e-business examples, covering most of the workflow patterns found in a comprehensive workflow management system (van der Aalst et al., Distributed and Parallel Databases, vol. 14, no, 1, pp. 5–15, 2003).     

一种基于服务过程行为的Web服务发现方法

现有的web服务发现方法主要是基于集中式拓扑,并且使用的服务描述仅仅是描述服务接口功能而忽略了过程相关信息。这无法保证服务组合的相容性,也无法满足组合事务无死锁的要求。同时,这些方法都无法避免高维护代价、单点失效和可扩展性差等问题。本文提出一种基于结构化对等网络的Web服务发现方法,引入确定性有限状态机DFSA,将服务过程行为描述用于服务匹配,从而避免了潜在的Web服务组合不相客和有利于服务组合的自动化。     

一个面向电子审批系统的嵌入式工作流引擎的设计与应用

在某运输政务管理电子审批平台建设中,引入工作流技术,自主研发一个嵌入式工作流引擎。通过对其审批业务的分析,提出面向电子审批业务的工作流概念模型;在此基础上,对该工作流引擎的系统架构和数据模型作了详细设计。基于该工作流引擎的运输政务管理电子审批平台上线后,一方面运行稳定,工作流引擎作为流程控制中心有效支撑了业务运营,并对审批电子文书实现有效管理;另一方面,实现灵活的流程定制,审批内容可适时调整,大大降低了维护成本。