基于Zigbee的无线电能表数据采集系统设计

为了解决电网营运数据的远程采集,实现电能表运行状态的远程实时监控,设计了一种基于Zigbee的无线电能表数据采集系统。详细介绍了系统终端的无线解决方案,并在CC2530模块开发平台上完成了系统终端无线电能表的设计。该无线终端主要完成电量的数据采集、显示和无线传输功能。考虑到整个系统的网络组建效率和网络的可扩展性,数据采集系统的无线方案实现主要采用Zigbee技术进行网络搭建,完成无线电能表采集数据的传输和汇总,最终通过GPRS模块将数据上传到远程上位机。试验证明,该系统能够稳定地采集多路终端数据,并上传数据,满足了电能表数据远程采集和上传的需求。     

基于CC1110的无线楼宇温度采集系统

介绍了一种基于CC1110无线低功耗单片机的楼宇温度采集系统。该系统主要由无线温度采集器、无线数据收集器以及ARM运算存储器组成。无线温度采集器定时采集温度和电源状态;无线数据收集器接收所属网络中无线温度采集器的数据;ARM运算存储器对多个无线数据收集器接收的数据进行读取、运算和存储。整个系统具有功耗低、通信协议简单、数据精度高及传输可靠的特点。     

基于无线传感技术的油气井地面测试系统

提出了油气井地面测试数据无线采集的研究路线,采用采集器与中间服务器相连,采集传感器的数据,通过无线射频方式将数据传送到中间服务器,中间服务器整合处理无线射频信号,并将处理后的数据通过局域网传送到工控机中进行存储、显示、处理等。介绍了无线地面测试数据采集系统的体系结构和软件架构、数据流程,详细阐述了无线采集监控装置的终端硬件设计以及系统现场测试及应用情况。     

基于nRF905和MSP430的惯性传感器无线数传系统设计

介绍一种可用于人体跌倒检测的惯性传感器数据无线传输系统,该系统由采集数据的无线传感器节点、接收数据的基站以及监控数据和发配置命令的上位机组成。系统软件采用中断的方法对数据收发实时处理。经测试,上位机和节点之间能够进行可靠性良好、实时性强的数据包和配置命令的无线传输,系统可应用于人体跌倒过程中人体加速度和角速度的实时无线采集。     

基于GPRS网络的嵌入式无线数据采集系统设计

介绍了GPRS网络的特点及作为数据采集系统中传输单元的连接方法。提出了一种嵌入式数据实时采集无线传输的方法,给出了系统的详细设计。无线数据采集系统采用嵌入式结构,使用32位工业级ARM核心处理器,可以快速采集16路模拟电压信号和32路数字信号,数据转换器分辨率为16位,兼容直流信号和交流信号。无线数据传送部分采用工业级传输模块,通过GPRS网络实时将采集的数据传送到服务器上。     

低压电力无线集中抄表系统数据采集终端设计

讨论了无线抄表系统的系统架构,介绍了低压电力采集终端的整体结构和工作原理,以及一种基于Zigbee技术的无线集抄系统数据采集终端硬件设计和软件设计.     

基于蓝牙技术的无线数据采集系统的设计

针对数据采集场合电缆连接复杂、易受电磁干扰等问题,设计了一种基于蓝牙模块进行无线传输的单片机数据采集系统,实现了对现场数据的采集和短距离内数据的无线传输,对于类似的数据采集系统的设计具有很好的借鉴意义.     

基于GPRS的下水道气体远程监测系统设计

为了提高城市下水道气体监测的实时性和可靠性,设计了基于GPRS的下水道气体远程监测系统;该系统主要包括前端气体采集模块、GPRS数据无线传输模块、数据接收模块及监控中心;气体采集模块由气体传感器和数据采集单片机组成;单片机实时采集气体传感器中的数据,并将采集到的数据通过GPRS无线传输模块进行实时上传;数据接收模块把接收到的数据传送至监控中心服务器,由服务器对数据进行处理、显示、存储和统计等;通过对18个监测点的监测实验效果表明,该系统运行稳定可靠,能实现对下水道气体远程采集、无线传输和实时监测的目的。     

一种Zigbee传感器实现的环境监测系统设计

介绍了一种基于Zigbee传感器实现的环境监测系统,该系统主要采用TI的CC2430芯片,对传感器采集的湿度、压力、温度等各种数据通过Zigbee无线网络进行无线传输,把采集到的数据送入处理器进行初步分析,同时通过GPRS把采集到的数据发送到远程数据监测中心.由于本系统数据采集采用无线传输,故而可以应用于环境比较复杂的监测场所.     

无线温度采集系统的设计

针对采用单片机进行控制的温度采集系统具有时间长、精度低等缺陷,采用嵌入式技术及无线传感器技术,设计了无线温度采集系统.系统以ARM920T内核S3C2410芯片作为核心处理器,以嵌入式Linux操作系统作为软件资源的核心,通过无线收发模块CC1100完成数据的传输,并把采集的数据信息显示在LCD上,利用C语言完成了软件设计.实验证明,系统具有较好的实时性、方便性和安伞性,可用于工农业各个领域的实时温度采集.     

An Adaptive, Intelligent Control System for Slag Foaming

Slag foaming is a steel-making process that has been shown to improve the efficiency of electric arc furnace plants. Unfortunately, slag foaming is a highly dynamic process that is difficult to control. This paper describes the development of an adaptive, intelligent control system for effectively manipulating the slag foaming process. The level-2 intelligent control system developed is based on three techniques from the field of computational intelligence (CI): (1) fuzzy logic, (2) genetic algorithms, and (3) neural networks. Results indicate that the computer software architecture presented in this paper is suitable for effectively manipulating complex engineering systems characterized by relatively slow process dynamics like those of a slag foaming operation.     

Topology and parameter optimization of a foaming jig reinforcement structure by the response surface method

A dilemma in the foaming of inner polyurethane (PU) pieces for household refrigerators is that of keeping the production costs down without adversely affecting the dimension precision. One way to do this is to reduce the electric power consumption spent running the polyurethane foaming line in which a number of heavy foaming jigs are continuously circulating, by optimally designing the reinforcement structure of the jig. In this paper, topology optimization and parameter optimization utilizing the response surface method (RSM) are applied for the optimum design of the jig reinforcement structure, in order to minimize the total jig weight while securing the dimension precision of the foamed urethane case. Both the reliability of the approximated response surfaces and the validity of the proposed optimization procedure are verified through illustrative optimization experiments. In addition, it is confirmed that the proposed procedure provides us with an optimum reinforcement structure which remarkably reduces the total jig weight.     

声学多普勒流速剖面仪实验室测试方法探讨

用声学多普勒流速剖面仪(ADCP)进行流量测量是近几年兴起的新技术,但声学多普勒流速剖面仪如何在实验室环境中进行测试是一个难点.给出了一种声学多普勒流速剖面仪实验室测试方法,该实验室由水槽、气泡发泡装置、仪器固定支架和自动化系统构成,通过气泡发泡装置模拟自然河流悬浮颗粒和水中气泡,仪器固定支架固定仪器并旋转超声换能器使其和水流方向一致,自动化系统携带仪器前进后退形成相对流速.此方法可以比测实测流速和自动化系统行进速度,简化了国标、行标中声学多普勒流速剖面仪的检测方法以及测试条件和设备需求,大大降低了开发仪器的测试、检测成本,更有利于国内仪器的研制和推广.     

相框表面印花缺陷检测的图像配准方法研究

设计了一种基于机器视觉的条形发泡相框表面印花缺陷检测系统。给出了检测系统的硬件系统构建方案,基于灰度投影和归一化互相关相似度量图像配准算法,提出了一种用于相框表面印花缺陷检测的图像配准算法。仿真实验结果表明,该算法能够大大减少计算量,保持配准的精度,并且不受线性光照的影响。     

Foam level control in a water model of the LD converter process

This paper deals with estimation and control of foam level in dynamic foaming. An improved foam level estimation methodology from a microphone signal and its automatic calibration is presented. The dynamical reaction of the foam level on air lance movements is modelled using system identification. Based on the resulting mathematical model, a controller for foam level stabilisation is designed and applied to a water model, representing the LD converter process. It is shown that the foam level can be controlled using a microphone as the measurement device and air lance movement as the actuator.     

基于光电传感器的液位检测方法与装置

针对液位检测中液面气泡的干扰问题,提出一种基于双光电传感器和动态阈值的液位检测方法与装置。分析了该液位检测方法的基本原理,阐述了该光电液位检测装置的结构和测试过程。经过实验与数据分析,结果表明：该光电液位检测方法简单实用,具有较高的精度,在待测液体液面有大量气泡情况下检测精度仍可达0．2mm,特别适用于液面易产生气泡液体的液位检测。     

Model-based slopping warning in the LD steel converter process

The most prevalent steel-making process is the basic oxygen steel-making (BOS) process. Problems arise when the layer of foaming slag created on the surface of the molten metal exceeds the height of the vessel and overflows, causing metal loss, process disruption and environmental pollution. This phenomenon is commonly referred to as slopping. A method for automatic slopping detection is described in this contribution. The sound signal from a microphone located in the off-gas funnel is processed to obtain an estimate of the slag level in the converter. A model describing the relationship between off-gas flow rate, pressure and the slag level estimate is updated recursively in time. The output error is fed to a change detector yielding a warning system with three alarm levels indicating the persistence of slopping symptoms. The algorithm was tested on data from 100 heats at SSAB Oxelösund. Slopping was correctly detected in 80% of the blows.     

Data-based fault detection in chemical processes: Managing records with operator intervention and uncertain labels

Developing data-driven fault detection systems for chemical plants requires managing uncertain data labels and dynamic attributes due to operator-process interactions. Mislabeled data is a known problem in computer science that has received scarce attention from the process systems community. This work introduces and examines the effects of operator actions in records and labels, and the consequences in the development of detection models. Using a state space model, this work proposes an iterative relabeling scheme for retraining classifiers that continuously refines dynamic attributes and labels. Three case studies are presented: a reactor as a motivating example, flooding in a simulated de-Butanizer column, as a complex case, and foaming in an absorber as an industrial challenge. For the first case, detection accuracy is shown to increase by 14% while operating costs are reduced by 20%. Moreover, regarding the de-Butanizer column, the performance of the proposed strategy is shown to be 10% higher than the filtering strategy. Promising results are finally reported in regard of efficient strategies to deal with the presented problem.     

Risk assessment modelling of microbiology-related solids separation problems in activated sludge systems

This paper proposes a risk assessment model for settling problems of microbiological origin in activated sludge systems (filamentous bulking, foaming and rising sludge). The aim of the model is not to diagnose microbiology-related solids separation problems with absolute certainty but to quantify in dynamic scenarios whether simulated operational procedures and control strategies lead to favourable conditions for them to arise or not. The rationale behind the model (which integrates the mechanisms of standard activated sludge models with empirical knowledge), its implementation in a fuzzy rule-based system and the details of its operation are illustrated in the different sections of the paper. The performance of the risk assessment model is illustrated by evaluating a number of control strategies facing different short-term influent conditions as well as long-term variability using the IWA/COST simulation benchmark. The results demonstrate that some control strategies, although performing better regarding operating costs and effluent quality, induce a higher risk for solids separation problems. In view of these results, it is suggested to integrate empirical knowledge into mechanistic models to increase reliability and to allow assessment of potential side-effects when simulating complex processes.     

Control and design problems in material processing—how can process systems engineers contribute to material processing?

‘Process control and systems engineering’ is not just a subject of study for controlling and designing ‘a plant’ and/or ‘a unit operation’. It also deals with any control and design problems related to physical and chemical phenomena occurring in short time-scale and at nano, meso as well as micro-scale levels. In materials processing, controlling the material structure is of primary importance for realizing high material performance and functions. The phenomena determining the material structure often involve phase separation and/or occur on the surface of the materials, at small level and in short time-scale. To control these phenomena, the current feedback design schemes, where controlled variables are measured by ‘externally equipped sensors’ and fed back to a ‘externally designed controller’, are no longer effective due to the shortness of time and smallness of spatial scales of the objects. Making reference to two novel polymer-processing processes, a micro-cellular polymeric foaming process and surface coating injection-molding process, we discuss how process control and process systems engineers can contribute to controlling the structure of materials.