双辊共混法制备EPDM/OMMT纳米复合材料

自制一种有机改性蒙脱土(OMMT),采用双辊共混法与三元乙丙橡胶复合,得到了具有高强度、低硬度等超常力学性能的乙丙橡胶/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料。透射电镜观察表明,制备出了半剥离型纳米复合材料,力学性能测试显示,在低填充量(15份以下)时,纳米复合材料的各项力学性能远超过同含量下高耐磨碳黑体系的。在填充量为10份时,有机土填充体系的断裂强度为15.85 MPa,是碳黑填充体系(6.57 MPa)的2.4倍,是纯橡胶体系(2.05 MPa)的7倍多;撕裂强度也高于碳黑体系和纯胶体系的;而此时纳米复合材料的邵A硬度仅为58.5,比相同强度下碳黑补强体系的低近10。     

粘合体系对天然橡胶复合材料性能的影响

本文以木质纤维素/蒙脱土、炭黑为增强材料,制备了天然橡胶复合材料,探讨了以间苯二酚(R-80)、六甲氧基甲基三聚氰胺(HMMM)和新癸酸钴为主要成分的粘合体系对天然橡胶复合材料性能的影响。结果表明:间-甲-钴粘合体系大幅提高了天然橡胶复合材料的焦烧时间(T_(10))和正硫化时间(T_(90)),降低了其硫化速度(V_(C1));力学测试显示,粘合体系对复合材料的拉伸强度、撕裂强度和断裂伸长率的影响相当大;提高了复合材料的邵氏A硬度、密度和耐磨性。     

有机蒙脱土与白炭黑复合填充三元乙丙橡胶性能研究

采用溶液插层法分别制备了含乙烯基的有机蒙脱土(VMMT)和不含乙烯基的有机蒙脱土(OMMT),并通过与三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)机械共混方法制备了VMMT/EPDM、OMMT/EPDM两种纳米复合材料,对复合材料的力学性能和气体阻隔性能进行了研究。实验发现:当添加相同份数有机蒙脱土时,VMMT/EPDM复合材料的力学性能和气体阻隔性能优于OMMT/EPDM复合材料;当有机蒙脱土添加量为5份时,OMMT/EPDM的拉伸强度提高了60%、100%伸长模量提高了68%,N2透气率降低了29%;当有机蒙脱土添加量为7份时,VMMT/EPDM的拉伸强度提高了99%、100%伸长模量提高了157%、N2透气率降低了52%。结果表明:通过含乙烯基官能团的有机插层剂改性后,有机蒙脱土/EPDM纳米复合材料的力学性能和气体阻隔性能显著提高。     

EPDM/MVQ的共混研究

采用机械共混法研究了三元乙丙橡胶/甲基乙烯基硅橡胶(EPDM/MVQ)并用的配方和工艺对共混胶物理机械性能和热空气老化性能的影响.从并用MVQ改性来提高EPDM耐热性方面考虑,单因素分析结果表明:以过氧化物DCP硫化为主,加少量硫磺或N,N-间苯撑双马来酰亚胺(HVA-2)有助于二者的共硫化;填充高耐磨炭黑同时并用部分快压出炉炭黑综合性能较好;防老剂RID和MB能产生较好的协同效应;通过分别制备二者的母炼胶进行混炼,并加入少量硅烷偶联剂改善了两者的相容性.     

EPDM/WEPS接枝母料在炭黑增强三元乙丙橡胶中的应用

利用Friedel-Crafts烷基化反应制备三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)/废旧发泡聚苯乙烯(WEPS)(50%∶50%,wt,质量分数)接枝母料,并将接枝母料添加到炭黑增强三元乙丙橡胶中,考察母料用量对EPDM硫化胶性能的影响。结果表明:WEPS可以接枝到EPDM上形成EPDM-g-WEPS接枝共聚物;接枝母料中,WEPS的接枝率为19.1%,凝胶含量为42.7%;加有接枝母料的EPDM混炼胶,其正硫化时间低于相同配比的简单共混硫化胶;扫描电镜(SEM)观察显示:含有接枝母料的EPDM硫化胶,WEPS分散相更加均匀细小,两相粘结力提高;含有接枝母料的EPDM硫化胶的性能明显优于相同配比的简单共混硫化胶;当接枝母料用量为10份时,EPDM硫化胶的性能最好,其拉伸强度为13.3MPa、断裂伸长率为556%、撕裂强度为24.8MPa。     

天然橡胶/凹凸棒石纳米复合材料的制备与性能研究

硅烷改性凹凸棒石后,采用乳液共混共凝法制备出了凹凸棒石/天然橡胶复合材料(attapulgite/natural rub-ber composites,ANRC),并对ANRC进行了表征;红外光谱分析证实凹凸棒石得到了有机化改性;ANRC的力学性能测试表明,当天然胶乳浓度适宜、改性剂用量为1.5份、改性凹凸棒石填充量为30份时,ANRC的综合性能最好,与未添加填料的纯天然硫化胶相比,ANRC的扯断强度、撕裂强度、邵尔A硬度分别提高了77.45%、100.50%、67.74%;与炭黑做填充剂制备天然橡胶复合材料,以及机械共混法制备复合材料相比,ANRC力学性能有明显提高;扫描电子显微镜分析结果显示,采用乳液共混共凝法制备的硅烷改性ANRC,结构致密,凹凸棒石填料分布均匀,分布粒度主要为纳米级,与橡胶基体相容性良好.     

凹凸棒土与炭黑粉体协同补强天然橡胶的性能

采用球磨溶液改性的方法制备改性凹凸棒土,利用机械共混法制备凹凸棒土-炭黑-天然橡胶复合材料,研究凹凸棒土与炭黑相互作用对天然橡胶性能的影响。结果表明:Si11-110型硅烷偶联剂对凹凸棒土有良好的改性作用,凹凸棒土与炭黑之间具有明显的协同补强效果,改性的凹凸棒土-炭黑-天然橡胶复合材料可以显著提高100%和300%的定伸强度、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和耐切割性能;硅烷改性的凹凸棒土与炭黑协同补强能明显改善复合材料的网络结构,使得橡胶复合材料有更大的储能模量;通过增加结合胶的厚度,橡胶分子链在结合胶表面,更容易滑移和解缠,有效增大了拉伸强度和断裂伸长率。     

双导电相硅橡胶力敏材料的制备与电性能分析

为了获得具有较好压阻稳定性和重复性的力敏复合材料,在炭黑/硅橡胶复合体系中加入纳米氧化钌,完善补充导电相的同时加固硅橡胶交联网络。采用溶剂热还原法制备金属钌纳米颗粒,在空气中热氧化,得到尺寸为数十纳米的氧化钌颗粒;采用溶剂共混的方法制备炭黑/硅橡胶共混胶,用研磨分散的方法将纳米二氧化钌加入炭黑/硅橡胶共混胶中,硫化成型后得到氧化钌(RuO2)-炭黑(CB)/硅橡胶(MVQ)双导电相复合材料。采用自建的压阻性能测试系统测试了复合材料的压阻性能,测量结果表明,CB/MVQ体系中加入一定用量的RuO2其压阻重复性变好,压阻蠕变性得到改善;用扫描电镜、透射电子显微镜分析了复合材料的微观结构,并用能谱分析结合电子衍射图证明了纳米氧化钌以纳米结构存在于复合材料中,丰富和完善了炭黑导电网络,加固了硅橡胶交联网络,这些因素是导致压阻重复性提高的主要因素。     

纳米粘土/炭黑双相填料对天然橡胶性能的影响

以有机纳米粘土替代部分炭黑,在材料内部引入形状各向异性的纳米片层,制备天然橡胶/炭黑/纳米粘土复合材料,研究了粘土含量对复合材料静态力学性能、动态力学性能、热稳定性、老化性及拉伸疲劳性能的影响。结果表明,以少量有机纳米粘土(2 phr～6 phr)替代部分炭黑可提高天然橡胶的硫化效率,增强复合材料的静态力学性能,降低动态损耗因子,提高复合材料的热稳定性、耐热空气老化性能及拉伸疲劳性能。与纯炭黑试样相比,复合材料拉伸强度最高提高91%,拉伸疲劳寿命提高31%,达55万次。     

三元乙丙橡胶耐磨性能研究

研究了生胶品种、硫化体系、填充体系和加工助剂等因素对三元乙丙橡胶耐磨性能的影响。实验结果表明:胶种选用高乙烯含量,高门尼粘度的非充油型乙丙橡胶,硫化体系采用硫磺/硫载体并用的有效硫磺硫化体系,填充体系采用高结构炭黑N220以及Si-69改性过的气相法白炭黑AS-200并用体系,同时配合0.5份左右的爽滑粉,都能有效提高EPDM胶料的耐磨性能。     

Study on mechanical and ablative properties of EPDM/OMMT thermal insulating nanocomposites

In order to enhance the elongation at break, the ablation resistant properties as well as the tensile strength of the thermal insulating materials, organo-montmorillonite (OMMT) was introduced into the short aramid fibers reinforced Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer (EPDM) based nanocomposites. The effects of OMMT content on the mechanical and ablative properties of the nanocomposites were investigated systematically. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirm that EPDM-matrix has been intercalated into OMMT interlayers after a mixing process on a two-roll mill. The brittle fracture of nanocomposites also indicates that OMMT can lubricate aramid fiber to weaken the interfacial adhesive strength between the fibers and the matrix. As a result, the tensile strength and elongation at break are both improved sharply with OMMT content increasing from 1 phr to 7 phr. However, thanks to the inevitable agglomeration of OMMT with high loading inside the nanocomposites, the tensile strength and elongation at break reduce gently once OMMT is over 7 phr. Furthermore, the ablation resistant properties are improved greatly by increasing OMMT from 1 phr to 11 phr. Therefore, the optimal content of OMMT is 7-11 phr for the thermal insulating nanocomposites with big elongation and excellent ablation resistant properties.     

聚合物包覆型纳米片层粒子对氢化丁腈橡胶复合材料性能的影响

制备了一系列不同量的剥离型有机蒙脱土(OMMT)与氢化丁腈橡胶(HNBR)复合的纳米材料,探究了OMMT的含量对HNBR复合材料力学、热力学性能的影响。采用广角X射线衍射(XRD)、差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、热重分析、傅里叶变换红外光谱、透射电镜对OMMT的结构与性能进行了表征。并对HNBR/OMMT复合材料的结构与性能进行了分析。XRD结果表明OMMT是完全剥离且由聚氨酯大分子链包覆的纳米片层粒子;DSC结果证明OMMT中的活性双键能发生反应。加入单片层OMMT后,HNBR纳米复合材料的力学性能、热力学性能以及动态性能都有所提高。且3phr的OMMT能使复合材料的耐磨性提高了24.7%,硬度、拉伸强度、撕裂强度等达到最大值。     

熔融插层法制备EPDM/OMMT纳米复合材料研究

采用熔融插层法,通过插层剂优选、配方设计与工艺优化,制备了密封用三元乙丙橡胶/有机蒙脱土(EPDM/OMMT)纳米复合材料,借助XRD分析了其微观结构,利用TG分析了其热稳定性,并初步研究了其气体阻隔性能与相关力学性能.结果表明,EPDM与OMMT经熔融插层形成插层型纳米复合材料,气体阻隔性能得到显著提高,相关力学性能也得以改善.     

炭黑/蒙脱土并用对 HNBR复合材料性能的影响

为提高HNBR/OMMT纳米复合材料的性能,在分析螺杆泵定子橡胶实际破坏形式的基础上,结合各种检测手段研究炭黑的最佳加入份数以及炭黑/蒙脱土材料并用的效果.结果表明:炭黑N330用量对材料的硫化时间影响较小,但能显著提高门尼粘度和邵氏硬度;对HNBR/OMMT复合材料的机械性能、阿克隆磨耗性能及耐原油介质老化等性能进行...     

Gamma irradiation aging of NBR/CSM rubber nanocomposites

The effect of gamma-irradiation on the acrylonitrile butadiene/chlorosulphonated polyethylene rubber blends (NBR/CSM) based nanocomposites containing carbon black (CB) and silica filler (Si) were investigated by TG-DTG and ATR-FTIR techniques. The silica (with primary particle size of 22 nm) was added in content of 0, 10, 20 and 30 phr and carbon black (with primary particle size 40–48 nm) was added in content of 30 phr and rubber blend compounds were prepared. The obtained elastomeric materials were aging to different γ-irradiation doses (100, 200 and 400 kGy). The cure and mechanical properties of obtained nanocomposites were determined. Incorporating 20 phr of silica to the control NBR/CSM rubber blends containing 30 phr CB resulted 152% increase in tensile strength, 116%, in elongation at break and 142% modulus at 100% elongation, according to synergistic effect between the fillers. FTIR measurements of aged samples estimated the formation of alcohols, ethers and small amounts of lactones, anhydrides, esters and carboxylic acids after exposure to lower doses of γ-radiation (100 kGy). On the basis of the obtained spectra the formation of shorter polyene sequences and aromatic rings in aged elastomeric samples are assumed. The results show that 30 phr of carbon black (CB) and 20 phr of silica are needed for the best gamma aging resistance of NBR/CSM rubber nanocomposites. The result of radiation exposure is decrease in mechanical properties. The dose at which ultimate mechanical properties decreased was at 200 kGy. TG-DTG measurements estimated decrease in thermal stability of gamma-irradiated NBR/CSM rubber blend based nanocomposites. Silica reinforced NBR/CSM rubber blend had better radiation resistant than carbon black. Rough and heterogeneity of fracture surfaces has been observed for NBR/CSM rubber blends filled with silica. More uniform morphology of fracture surfaces according to high polymer–filler interaction and low filler–filler interaction has been observed for CB/Si filled NBR/CSM rubber blend.     

纳米OMMT/EVA-g-PU复合材料

采用熔融接枝与熔融插层相结合的方法,成功制备了纳米OMMT/EVA-g-PU复合材料。通过FTIR及13C NMR测试表明,端—NCO的聚氨酯(PU)预聚体与皂化乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)间发生接枝反应。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)与透射电镜(TEM)观察了蒙脱土(OMMT)在基体中的分散状态,用电子万能试验机、动态力学分析仪(DMA)和热重分析仪(TG)分析了复合材料的力学性能、储能模量和热性能。结果表明：OMMT主要以插层型分布在基体中;当OMMT的质量分数为3%时,复合材料的断裂强度、杨氏模量和撕裂强度分别为7.96 MPa、7.12 MPa和49.97 MPa;复合材料的储能模量随 OMMT含量的增加而升高,当OMMT的质量分数为7%时,复合材料的储能模量相对于纯EVA 提高了2 倍多;复合材料的热稳定性能也要优于纯EVA,并随OMMT含量的增加而升高。     

Assessment of rheological and mechanical properties of nanostructured materials based on thermoplastic olefin blend and organoclay

This work aims to assess rheological and mechanical properties of thermoplastic olefin (TPO) nanocomposites reinforced by organo-modified montmorillonite (OMMT). In this regard, TPO/OMMT nanocomposites were produced via melt compounding and characterized in terms of OMMT content and processing parameters. The main objective of the work is to determine the optimum OMMT content and processing parameters. Both dynamic oscillatory and steady shear measurements revealed that a very good degree of OMMT dispersion occurs in the case of nanocomposite containing 3 wt.% OMMT which was also verified by X-ray diffractometry and transmission electron microscopy. Mechanical properties were studied through tensile and impact tests. It was found that as the OMMT content increases, tensile modulus and tensile strength are increased but impact strength is reduced. The optimum properties were observed at 3 wt.% OMMT which is in conformity with the rheological analysis results. As the main processing variables in melt compounding, the effect of mixing time and rotor speed on mechanical properties of TPO nanocomposites were studied and correlated to their rheological properties. It was concluded that using an intermediate mixing time and rotor speed would be more appropriate to achieve desirable mechanical properties.     

阻燃聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备及性能研究

通过熔融挤出法制备出了膨胀阻燃剂/聚丙烯/有机蒙脱土(IFR/PP/OMMT)阻燃纳米复合材料,XRD分析表明,蒙脱土的层间距扩大,复合材料进入其层闻,形成了纳米复合材料;结果表明,当复合材料中IFR含量为25%时,加入4%的OMMT体系的缺口冲击强度为7.8kJ/m2,拉伸强度为25.3MPa,弯曲模量为1520MPa,极限氧指数(LOI)提高到26,而耐热性也得到提高,复合材料的综合性能最好;通过对膨胀炭层的SEM分析表明,OMMT可以使炭层更加紧密,阻燃性能进一步提高.