羰基合成高碳醇工艺进展及费托烯烃产品氢甲酰化

开发煤制高碳伯醇技术,对煤炭的清洁利用和国家能源安全有重要意义。煤制油项目的试车成功为羰基合成高碳醇提供了丰富的α-烯烃原料。概述羰基合成催化剂体系的工业发展历程和低压液相循环氢甲酰化工艺生产应用,介绍了费托产品为主要原料制备高碳醇国内外相关的技术发展现状。同时对开发水/有机两相体、氟两相、超临界流体等液/液两相催化体系应用费托的高碳α-烯烃氢甲酰化作了系统阐述,并对其应用前景进行了评价。对打破国外技术壁垒,自主研发高碳醇羰基合成工艺应用费托产品寄予展望。     

费托产物中α-烯烃与烷烃分离技术及应用

α-烯烃作为石化行业一类重要原料,已广泛应用于生产共聚单体、聚α-烯烃(PAO)基础油、高碳醇、(重)烷基苯及α-烯烃磺酸盐等领域.高温费托合成产物中拥有高含量且连续分布的α-烯烃和烷烃,因此分离相同碳数α-烯烃与烷烃工艺技术成为提高费托产物高附加值的关键.     

国内外α—烯烃的发展现状和应用前景

本文介绍国内α-烯烃的发展现状和实际应用前景,指出我国发展以乙烯齐聚生产α-烯烃和提高蜡裂解α-烯烃质量的重要性,加速发展α-烯烃在聚乙烯共聚单体、高碳醇和表面活性剂、合成润滑油及增塑剂醇等方面的应用,可取得明显经济效益和社会效益。     

α-烯烃在合成润滑油领域的应用

概述了α-烯烃在合成润滑油领域的应用。介绍了聚α-烯烃合成润滑油的生产现状、α-烯烃生产技术以及α-烯烃制备PAO研究进展,分析了各种生产技术的主要特点,指出了我国PAO领域存在的问题,并对我国PAO的发展提出了建议。     

煤制油费托α-烯烃增值利用及发展展望

煤制油费托α-烯烃增值利用对实现煤炭清洁利用与延长煤制油产业链具有重要意义。该文介绍了费托α-烯烃在精细化工产业发展的应用及市场情况。综述了以费托油为原料进行α-烯烃分离、聚α-烯烃、高碳醇、AOS生产的生产工艺比对,并对煤化工与精细化工产业结合进行了展望。     

长链α-烯烃合成工艺进展

长链α-烯烃在精细化工领域具有广泛的应用,长链α-烯烃合成工艺改进与研发意义重大。概述了目前国内外生产长链α-烯烃的主要方法,包括蜡裂解工艺、烷烃脱氢工艺和乙烯齐聚工艺等,介绍了长链α-烯烃合成工艺未来可能的发展方向。     

聚α-烯烃合成航空润滑基础油特性分析

分析了聚α-烯烃的分子结构,研究了聚α-烯烃合成航空润滑基础油的结构与性能的相关性,重点探究了聚α-烯烃基础油组成结构与粘度之间的内在联系。得出结论:可通过改变聚α-烯烃的主链长度、聚合度、侧链数量等结构因素来改变聚α-烯烃粘度大小。     

Sasol公司利用煤生产高碳醇

南非Sasol化工公司的一套能力为12万吨／年的高碳醇装置已经开工。这套装置采用Davy工艺技术公司的低压羰基合成工艺从费一托合成的C11-C14烯烃生产C12-C15高碳醇。这是首次利用羰基合成技术生产C12-C15高碳醇，也是第一次使用以煤为原料的费-托合成烯烃。采用的催化剂是铑催化剂，而不是其他工艺采用的钴催化剂。     

高级醇现状与开发途径

本文综述高级醇国内外市场、工艺技术现况,并根据金陵石化公司实际情况,论述渣油热裂解制α-烯烃,再由α-烯烃经氢羧甲酯化制高级醇的开发前景。     

煤基烯烃合成中高粘度PAO的影响因素研究

以费托α-烯烃为原料,AlCl3为催化剂合成聚α-烯烃基础油（PAO）。采用正交试验方法考察了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量、溶剂用量和搅拌速度对聚α-烯烃合成基础油的收率、运动粘度和粘度指数等的影响。通过对实验结果的分析,得到反应条件对性能的影响规律,为费托α烯烃合成聚α-烯烃提供有效的数据支撑。     

石蜡裂解烯烃羰基合成高碳醇试验研究

以石蜡裂解烯烃为原料,羰基钴膦配合体为催化剂,通过高压釜式装置和5t/a羰基合成模式装置合成了高碳醇。与长链烷烃脱氢烯烃为原料制高碳醇的工艺比较,该工艺的烯烃转化率、烷烃收率、醇收率和物料平衡方面优于或相当于长链烷烃脱氢烯烃生产工艺,该工艺可以降低生产成本,提供了一条重要的新的高碳醇合成原料来源。     

Effect of surfactant structure on stability of enzymes formulated into laundry liquids

The effect of surfactant structure on enzyme stability in heavy duty laundry liquids was investigated. Surfactants studied were alcohol ethoxylates and anionic surfactants having varying hydrophobic and hydrophilic types and chain lengths. Enzymes used were proteases and amylases. The results showed these enzymes were considerably more stable when formulated into laundry liquids containing alcohol ethoxylates and ethoxysulfates than when formulated with alcohol sulfates and surfactants containing sulfonate groups such as linear alkylbenzene sulfonates and alpha olefin sulfonates. Enzyme stabilizer systems were only partially effective in reducing the enzymedeactivating influence of sulfonate-containing surfactants. Presented at the AOCS meeting in Dallas, May, 1984.     

Recent findings and experiences with alpha olefin sulfonates

In the sulfonation and sulfation of alpha olefin (AO), linear alkylbenzene (LAB), and alcohol ethoxylate (AE), improved reaction yields and products’ color were obtained by using the TO-Reactor recently developed in Lion Fat & Oil Co., Ltd., compared with those obtained in a conventional falling-film type reactor. These improvements especially were remarkable in the case of AO, so that light-colored alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS), having improved performance properties, was obtained without bleaching. For the performance tests, AOS was evaluated in several systems, together with some other surfactants, alcohol sulfate (AS), alcohol ethoxy sulfate (AES), linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), and alpha-sulfo fatty acid methyl ester (a-SEMe). AOS was one of the most useful surfactants for heavy duty powder detergents of low phosphate formulation because of its good detergency and foaming power, rinsing property, and free flowing property. Thus, bright white heavy duty powder detergents, containing 8% of P₂O₅, were developed with AOS (nonbleached), AES, LAS, sodium pyrophosphate (TSPP), and some other ingredients, which have been marketed in the household cleaning products field in Japan since 1976.     

Some aspects on the synthesis and characterization of dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA)—a curing agent for epoxy resins

Dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA), a liquid anhydride curing agent for epoxy resins, was synthesised from C₁₂ olefin and maleic anhydride by the “ene synthesis” reaction. C₁₂ olefin was prepared by the dehydration of lauryl alcohol using Al₂O₃ (acidic) catalyst. The dehydration was carried out in a flow type reactor. The olefin collected was found to be a mixture of positional isomers of C₁₂ olefin. Systematic studies were carried out by varying the dehydration temperature, mode of feeding and flow rate of lauryl alcohol, and the C₁₂ olefin collected were converted into DDSA and mechanical properties of an epoxy resin–DDSA system were evaluated. The C₁₂ olefins and DDSA were characterized, and the properties correlated with structure and composition. It was found that DDSA derived from C₁₂ olefin with double bond near to the center of the chain gave better tensile strength than the DDSA derived from C₁₂ olefin with terminal double bond.     

Performance of alpha olefin sulfonates derived from ziegler olefins in light duty liquid detergents

Single carbon number olefins derived from Ziegler technology were sulfonated in a continuous fallingfilm SO₃ reactor. The resulting alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS) was evaluated in a dishwashing test at several water hardnesses. Statistical analysis of the data led to the selection of compositions suitable for hand dishwash applications. AOS, prepared by sulfonating a blend of C₁₄ and C₁₆ olefins, was evaluated for hand dishwashing efficiency in a ternary mixture consisting of AOS, an alcohol ether sulfate and monoethanolamide. Regression equations calculated from the data permit the prediction of performance levels for all practical combinations of the three ingredients. The effect of unreacted olefin on AOS dishwash performance was also determined. With a binary blend of AOS and monoethanolamide it was shown that up to 5% free oil (based on AOS active) could be tolerated without significant deleterious effect.     

表面活性剂在家用洗涤剂中的应用进展

论述了表面活性剂在家用洗涤剂中的应用现状和发展趋势,分析了直链烷基苯磺酸钠、α-烯基磺酸钠、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠、脂肪酸甲酯磺酸钠、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物、烷基糖苷等几种重要的表面活性剂的应用和市场情况,阐明了脂肪酸甲酯磺酸钠有望成为新一代有影响力的阴离子表面活性剂。指出家用洗涤剂的发展趋势将是功能化、浓缩化和液体化,表面活性剂将向油脂基和特种表面活性剂发展,其安全性也将倍受关注。建议加强油脂化学工业建设,为油脂基表面活性剂的发展打下坚实基础。     

新型表面活性剂、助剂与碱性蛋白酶的相互作用

研究了洗涤剂组分中表面活性剂(MEE、AEC、甜菜碱、AEO9、AOS、LAS)溶液和助剂(高稳定层状二硅酸钠、3型AN助剂、亚微米4A沸石、4A沸石)溶液对碱性蛋白酶(黄海黄杆菌YS-9412-130低温碱性蛋白酶、Properase450E、Savinase4.0T)的影响作用。40min时表面活性剂溶液中酶的存活率在70%以上,助剂中酶的存活率在85%以上,并对以上结果提出可能的作用机理解释。     

乙醇胺和碳酸钠的乳化性能研究

在50℃下,研究了有机碱乙醇胺和无机碱碳酸钠与模拟地层水的配伍性,以及油水比7∶3时,二者单独或与α-烯烃磺酸钠复配使用时配制的乳状液的性能。结果表明,与碳酸钠相比,乙醇胺溶液与模拟地层水混合后,无沉淀产生;乙醇胺单独使用时,制备的乳状液的乳化油滴粒径较大,最大析水率为68%,高于碳酸钠单独使用时的33%;与碳酸钠和α-烯烃磺酸钠复配时制备的乳状液相比,乙醇胺和α-烯烃磺酸钠复配时,制备的乳状液的粒径小,最大析水率只有6.67%,而且,含乙醇胺体系制备的乳状液的粘度均要低于含碳酸钠体系。     

无机盐对表面活性剂去污力影响的研究

用去污实验机测定了直链烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠、α-烯基磺酸钠、脂肪酸甲酯磺酸钠等阴离子表面活性剂的去污力,考察了无机盐对去污力的影响。结果表明,三聚磷酸钠使这几种表面活性剂的去污值增加了29.11%~121.26%,磷酸三钠使LAS的去污值增加了128.25%;三聚磷酸钠、δ-层状结晶二硅酸钠、4A沸石等软水剂增强去污力的效果最好,碳酸钠和硅酸钠等碱性助剂次之;硫酸钠、氯化钠、磷酸二氢钠和十水四硼酸二钠不适合用作洗涤剂的助洗剂。