The impact that changed my life.

This article chronicles my experiences in being the driver in a fatal car crash and the resultant lessons I learned as a therapist. After providing my accident narrative, I focus on my acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress responses following the trauma; the key role that social support, apology and forgiveness processes, and rituals played in my healing; and the power of my posttraumatic growth. I also address my awareness of the value of being more flexible as a therapist, and I attend to the ways in which self-disclosure to patients and colleagues is empowering. I offer my reflections on each of these themes using personal examples and underscore how these experiences have informed my work as a psychotherapist. I hope that sharing my story not only will help me to heal, but also will offer insights to practitioners about working more effectively with patients in similar situations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

三相交流电动机单相运转的危害及保护

分析了三相交流电动机单相运转的危害,介绍了无触点保护装置的组成和工作原理。     

Prevention groups: The shape of things to come.

This introductory article by the editors summarizes the intent, content, and procedures of the special issue and makes a supportive case for the future of effective prevention groups that draws from the pioneer research contained within it. Researchers are summoned to prioritize prevention groups as an important and viable focal area, journals are encouraged to welcome research of this topic (without altering acceptance criteria), concurrence about definitions of key processes and concepts (i.e., how to define prevention groups) is urged, and others are encouraged to draw lessons from the research of the authors contained in the special issue. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Disclosure of emotional events in groups at risk for posttraumatic stress disorder.

The disclosure of emotional events to various social intimates (disclosure targets) was measured in 2 samples (soldiers and first responders) at risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as well as a comparison sample of college students. These 3 groups completed survey measures of disclosure, and at risk groups also completed measures of PTSD symptoms and social support. Groups at risk for PTSD were less likely to disclose emotions related to potentially traumatic events than were college students reporting general emotional disclosure. Overall, disclosure of positive emotions was more likely than disclosure of negative emotions. Furthermore, amount of disclosure depended on the person to whom the individual disclosed. Within groups at risk for PTSD, social support was associated with lower levels of PTSD. However, this relationship was mediated by emotional disclosure to each target. Disclosure of positive emotions generally was associated with lower levels of PTSD, and disclosure of negative emotions to those with similar at-risk status was associated with greater levels of PTSD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

韶钢4#高炉炉役后期安全生产特点

韶钢4#高炉第一代炉役后期,炉身冷却壁大量损坏,炉缸部分冷却壁水温差超高,炉底、炉基温度达到安全警戒线,炉壳多处开裂变形,依靠外部打水维持生产的情况下,通过采取强化管理、加强高炉操作、炉体修补等措施,保证了高炉按计划安全停炉并创下投产以来的最好生产指标。     

The role of small groups in mediating the effects of propaganda.

The attitude toward wiretapping was measured for a group of students before and after exposure to a speech opposing their attitude. They were then asked to list on a choice questionnaire their first, second, and third choices people present, whose views were made public, whom they would like to listen to or speak with on the issue. The entire group then engaged in free discussion of the issue, after which the opinion questionnaire was again filled out. The results indicated that individuals whose confidence in a belief has been shaken by exposure to opposing propaganda, prefer to hear arguments from their own side to bolster their confidence and tend to listen preferentially with persons who agree with them, with the consequence that their confidence in their opinion soon returns to the original level. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Enhanced priming for trauma-related words predicts posttraumatic stress disorder.

There is preliminary evidence that enhanced priming for trauma-related cues plays a role in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A prospective study of 119 motor vehicle accident survivors investigated whether priming for trauma-related stimuli predicts PTSD. Participants completed a modified word-stem completion test comprising accident-related, traffic-related, general threat, and neutral words at 2 weeks post-trauma. Priming for accident-related words predicted PTSD at 6 months follow-up, even when initial symptom levels of PTSD and depression and priming for other words were controlled. The results are in line with the hypothesis that enhanced priming for traumatic material contributes to the development of chronic PTSD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Deviant of diverse peer groups? The peer affiliations of aggressive elementary students.

This study examined peer affiliations of aggressive children in a sample of 948 students (496 girls, 452 boys) from 59 elementary classrooms (4th-6th grades). Groups were identified as zero aggressive, nonaggressive, aggressive, and mixed. The deviant peer group hypothesis was partially supported. Two thirds of aggressive boys and one half of aggressive girls were members of nonaggressive or mixed peer groups. Unpopular aggressive boys were most likely to be members of nonaggressive groups, whereas popular aggressive boys were most likely to be in aggressive and mixed groups. Aggressive and nonaggressive associates tended to he similar on key social characteristics (i.e., popularity, athleticism, leadership). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The superiority of gloved operation of small control knobs.

"The least amount of turn on a tactual-kinesthetic basis and the time to make settings on a linear scale were studied in bare-hand operation and with MA-1 double flying glove. With small knobs, gloved operation was superior in both. With larger knobs, the superiority was lost. No ready explanation of the phenomena has been developed." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The influence of ethnic attitudes on reasoning about ethnic groups.

"This study was undertaken to investigate further the relationships between ethnic attitudes and objective reasoning about ethnic groups. It was argued that tolerant individuals would bias their reasoning in favor while intolerant individuals would bias their reasoning against ethnic groups. The findings revealed that tolerant individuals biased their reasoning significantly in favor of ethnic groups. However, intolerant individuals did not bias their reasoning significantly against ethnic groups. The lack of bias against ethnic groups was presumptively related to the absence of strongly prejudiced respondents in the sample. Biased reasoning on the part of the unprejudiced individuals challenged the traditional assumption that tolerance is invariably accompanied by superior reality directed thinking." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Intraclass correlation vs. factor analytic techniques for determining groups of profiles.

This study compares several methods for estimating the homogeneity of a group and the proper membership of individuals in the group from profile data. A total of 12 MMPI scales were administered to Ss diagnosed in 3 clinical groups and serve as the basic data. Generally the results indicate that the product moment rs and the coefficients of intraclass correlation (R) provide more efficient, flexible and at least as meaningful answers to the basic issues involved in the study. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

太钢5号高炉稳定运行的生产实践

太钢5号高炉投产以来,在稳定高炉操作方面作了很多努力。通过总结大型高炉生产操作和管理的实践经验,细化原燃料质量管理,实施4.50%以上高富氧率和190~200kg/t高煤比操作,同时,采用硬质压入修复炉型和稳定使用小粒度烧结矿相配合来规整炉内煤气流,实现了煤比长期190kg/t以上和炉缸截面积利用系数达到67.1~69.2t/(m2·d)的长期稳定生产。     

The scientific study of groups: An editorial.

Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice seeks to revitalize the link between the scientific study of group dynamics and the application of that scientific understanding in applied settings—particularly those settings involving deliberate attempts to help individuals achieve desired personal and interpersonal change. To accomplish this goal, the editor plans to publish the highest quality theoretical, empirical, and practical articles dealing with groups in general and therapeutic groups in particular. Guidelines are provided for the types of articles being sought by the journal. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The impact of group composition on Internet support groups: Homogeneous versus heterogeneous Parkinson's groups.

We hypothesized that (a) members of homogeneous Parkinson's disease (PD) Internet groups would show more commitment and attraction than heterogeneous groups and (b) members in homogeneous groups would show better outcomes. Six PD support groups, three heterogeneous and 3 homogeneous groups were composed on the basis of age and time since diagnosis. Cohesion, based on commitment and attraction, was measured using text analysis software measuring (a) the frequency of hope, positive feelings and thoughts, and affection linked to group as a target and (b) the frequency of "we," "our," and other words of inclusion. Pre-post changes were measured by depression, quality of life, and severity of PD. Multivariate analysis found that homogeneously composed groups were significantly more attracted and committed to their groups. A repeated measures multivariate analysis found that homogeneous groups showed significantly greater positive changes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Managing Multiple Roles in Embedded Environments: The Case of Aircraft Carrier Psychology.

How can a psychologist deployed as an embedded member of a small team or military unit ethically manage pervasive and uncomfortable multiple-role relationships? Embedded practice often enhances the psychologist's understanding of unit members' needs and the willingness of members to seek services. Yet it also ensures multiple roles with every member of the community and diminishes the psychologist's ability to use existing ethical strategies for minimizing both the development and management of multiple relationships. We highlight the dilemmas common to practice in embedded military units by describing aircraft carrier practice. We conclude with several recommendations for minimizing the probability of harm to clients in these contexts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Maladaptive cognitive appraisals mediate the evolution of posttraumatic stress reactions: A 6-month follow-up of child and adolescent assault and motor vehicle accident survivors.

A prospective longitudinal follow-up study (n = 59) of child and adolescent survivors of physical assaults and motor vehicle accidents assessed whether cognitive processes predicted posttraumatic stress symptomatology (PTSS) at 6 months posttrauma in this age group. In particular, the study assessed whether maladaptive posttraumatic appraisals mediated the relationship between initial and later posttraumatic stress. Self-report measures of PTSS, maladaptive appraisals, and other cognitive processes, as well as structured interviews assessing for acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), were completed at 2–4 weeks and 6 months posttrauma. PTSS and PTSD at 6 months were associated with maladaptive appraisals and other cognitive processes but not demographic or objective trauma severity variables. Only maladaptive appraisals were found to associate with PTSS/PTSD after partialing out initial symptoms/diagnosis and to mediate between initial and later PTSS. It was argued that, on this basis, maladaptive appraisals are involved in the development and maintenance of PTSS over time, whereas other cognitive processes (e.g., subjective threat, memory processes) may have an effect only in the acute phase. The implications of this study for the treatment of PTSS in youths are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

韶钢1号高炉开炉快速高产实践

韶钢1号高炉大修后,由于开炉工作准备充分精心部署,通过充分应用高炉开炉操作技术,合理控制高炉煤气流的分布,运用快速加风降硅措施,成功地实践了高炉大修后开炉快速高产技术.     

The effects of sound films on opinions about mental illness in community discussion groups.

One or more sound films on mental illness were shown to adult community groups with or without group discussion, and before-and-after attitude tests were administered to evaluate opinion changes. "… a single mental health film did not produce significant changes in opinions toward mental illness in groups," with or without group discussion. "A series of three films, however, induced significant shifts of opinion in the directions intended by the film content. Degree of… change was no greater in groups which had discussed the films than in groups which had not held discussions." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy for diagnostically heterogeneous groups: A benchmarking study.

Researchers have recently suggested that the commonalities across the emotional disorders outweigh the differences, and thus similar treatment principles could be applied in unified interventions. In this study, the authors used a benchmarking strategy to investigate the transportability of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for anxiety and depression to mixed-diagnosis groups. Patients (N = 143) attended 10 2-hour sessions of group CBT plus a 1-month follow-up. Changes in anxiety and depression were indexed by effect sizes, reliable change, and clinically significant change and then benchmarked to previous efficacy and effectiveness studies. Symptoms of depression and anxiety significantly improved, and mixed-diagnosis groups compared favorably with diagnosis-specific CBT, suggesting that unified treatments are an effective, efficient, and practical method of treatment delivery. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Leader training and practices in groups for survivors of childhood sexual abuse.

Little is known about the actual practices of group leaders of childhood sexual abuse groups. A survey of 60 group leaders of CSA groups for children, adolescents, and adults found that most are adhering to ethical and training guidelines. The groups range from psychoeducational and support to counseling and therapy groups. Many of the groups are co-led, especially children and adolescent groups. The article discusses the screening, group structure, and interventions that leaders are using and suggests multiple areas for further research, as well as tips for practitioners. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)