APA officers, division officers, editors, committees, representatives, and related organizations: 1956-1957.

APA officers, division officers, editors, committee members, representatives, and officers in related organizations (e.g., affiliated regional associations, affiliated state psychological associations, ABEPP, American Psychological Foundation, and the American Board for Psychological Services) are named. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Office of the Executive Secretary. APA officers, division officers, editors, committees, representatives and related organizations: 1955-1956.

Contemporary officers of the APA and its divisions, editors of APA publications, members of APA standing and special committees, APA representatives to other organizations, officers of affiliated and officers of related organizations are listed. In many instances their particular offices and dates of tenure of office are also indicated. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Use of the Kuder Preference Record, Personal, with police officers.

What sort of scores do policemen receive on the Kuder? It was tried out on 49 police officers. The scores were compared with ratings by their supervisors, "done under a nine-class forced distribution system." Scores were also compared with published norms. High and low scorers on each of the 5 scales of the Kuder Preference Record, Personal, were described. "Comparison with Kuder norm group data yielded highly significant differences in preferences for avoiding conflict and for directing others." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Parents, partnership and education officers: a study of attributions

Thirty-five parents of children with special educational needs were interviewed to ascertain their experiences of dealing with education officers involved in the assessment and placement of their children. They were found predominantly to make internal attributions for negative behaviours, and external attributions for positive behaviours. The implication of these results for new United Kingdom government initiatives to reduce conflict between parents and education authorities are examined.     

Emotional dissonance, burnout, and in-role performance among nurses and police officers.

Two studies including 108 nurses and 101 police officers tested the proposition that emotionally demanding interactions with recipients may result in emotional dissonance, which, in turn, may lead to job burnout and impaired performance. More specifically, on the basis of the literature on burnout and emotional dissonance, the authors hypothesized that emotional job demands would explain variance in burnout (i.e., exhaustion and cynicism/disengagement) through their influence on emotional dissonance. In addition, the authors predicted that emotional dissonance would be (negatively) related to in-role performance through its relationship with burnout. The findings of a series of structural equation modeling analyses supported both hypotheses. The implications for research and practice are discussed, as well as avenues for additional research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Authority orientations of police officers.

86 police officers, all attending college, responded to the Hierarchical Control Scale, an attitude scale measuring preferences for control based on knowledge, status, and authority. 40 Ss also took the Dogmatism Scale. While dogmatism scores of police officers were not different from those of nonpolice Ss of the same age and education, Hierarchical Control Scale scores differed significantly. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

How house officers cope with their mistakes

We examined how house officers coped with serious medical mistakes to gain insight into how medical educators should handle these situations. An anonymous questionnaire was mailed to 254 house officers in internal medicine asking them to describe their most important mistake and their response to it; 45% (N = 114) reported a mistake and completed the questionnaire. House officers experienced considerable emotional distress in response to their mistakes and used a variety of strategies to cope. In multivariate analysis, those who coped by accepting responsibility were more likely to make constructive changes in practice, but to experience more emotional distress. House officers who coped by escape-avoidance were more likely to report defensive changes in practice. For house officers who have made a mistake, we suggest that medical educators provide specific advice about preventing a recurrence of the mistake, provide emotional support, and help them understand that distress is an expected concomitant of learning from the experience.     

Changing personality patterns of police officers.

Twenty-five police officers were evaluated at or shortly after their recruitment and again 2 years later. Eleven of the officers were available for follow-up 4 years after recruitment. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) scores showed significant changes over time, suggesting increasing somatic symptoms, anxiety, and alcohol vulnerability. The increased vulnerability to alcohol abuse was the strongest finding, and by the 4th year of service, mean MacAndrews Alcoholism Scale scores were within the critical range. Results are discussed in terms of the peculiar stresses of police work and the need for periodic reevaluation to prevent stress-associated problems and also initiate early intervention programs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Who cares for junior medical officers?

Recent changes in the way that some hospitals are run have created particular problems for junior medical staff. Here we describe a new system of managing such staff, under evaluation at a large Sydney teaching hospital, which seems to be working well and which has been positively appraised by the Postgraduate Medical Council and the Australian Council on Healthcare Standards.     

Musculoskeletal problems and driving in police officers

The expression of adhesion molecules was studied on CD34+ hematopoietic precursors in cord blood, bone marrow and mobilized blood. The samples were labeled in a double immunofluorescence procedure with a CD34 monoclonal antibody and with antibodies against maturation and differentiation antigens and adhesion molecules. Myeloid precursors formed the majority of the CD34+ cells in all samples. In bone marrow a separate cluster of B-cell precursors with low forward scatter was present. Nearly all CD34+ cells in normal bone marrow expressed VLA-4 and VLA-5, PECAM-1, LFA-3 and HCAM. The majority of the CD34+ cells also had LFA -1 and L-selectin on the surface membrane. A small subset was VLA-2, VLA-3, ICAM-1 or Mac-1 positive. CD34+ cells expressing the vitronectin receptor or the CD11c antigen were rare. Cord blood and mobilized blood CD34+ cells had a lower expression of VLA-2, VLA-3 and VLA-5 and a higher expression of LFA-1, ICAM-1 and L-selectin than bone marrow CD34+ cells. Except for LFA-1, this was not due to the presence of more myeloid precursors in these samples. Low beta1 integrin expression may lead to less adhesion to the extracellular matrix. High expression of L-selectin may facilitate interaction with endothelial cells. Therefore, this phenotype may favour mobilization.     

Sex differences in self-reported influence among union officers.

Explored differences between self-reported influence and its correlates in 148 adult male and 111 adult female elected union committee officers in Israel. Results show that females rated their influence lower than did males. An examination of the differences in patterns of associations shows that sex proportion and serving as chairperson were significant predictors of influence only for females. It is suggested that females' perception of their influence was more responsive to the evaluation of their fellow workers, while that of males was more responsive to the committee's influence on management. (29 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Prediction of dysfunctional job behaviors among law enforcement officers

This study examined the predictability of dysfunctional job behaviors among law enforcement officers using 3 scales (Responsibility, Socialization, and Self-Control) of the California Psychological Inventory (H. G. Gough, 1995) that were hypothesized to assess the construct of conscientiousness, and 3 construct-oriented life history indices (drug use, criminal, work). Law enforcement officers were classified into disciplinary and control groups (n = 109 each), using a matched-case control study design. Mean differences between the 2 criterion groups on the 6 predictor variables were all statistically significant and in the hypothesized direction. The results are discussed in the context of conscientiousness as an explanatory construct, the relationship between life history and personality constructs, and methodological concerns in the development of construct-oriented life history indices.