Relationship between Psychology and Psychiatry.

In a recent issue of this journal (February 1956), some pertinent factors underlying the relationship between psychiatry and (clinical) psychology were discussed. The principle of "one-way locomotion" can be used to describe the present situation. This freedom to trespass with impunity is a sore spot to many psychologists since there are no legal restraints prohibiting a psychiatrist (or any physician) from performing the recognized functions of a clinical psychologist. The concept of the clinical team, with the hierarchical arrangement of psychiatrist, psychologist, and social worker, deserves further scrutiny. Whether the bulk of psychiatry is willing to support research which might threaten medical pre-eminence remains to be seen. Much depends upon how sincere we all are in the common goals expressed by Brody (Amer. Psychologist, 1956, 11, 105-112): "understanding and helping emotionally and intellectually disturbed people." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Across the Secretary's Desk.

Discusses the March meeting of the Board of Directors. Topics covered include developments since September, new developments, new approaches to old routines, work of new committees, new developments from old committees, and other problems and actions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Across the Secretary's Desk: The "Reece Committee."

The recent activities of the House Committee to Investigate Tax Exempt Foundations seem to have significance for the country as a whole and perhaps special significance for psychology and related fields. Because not many psychologists have been able to follow in the press the story of this Committee's hearings, this APA Public Information Consultant was asked to prepare for this space a running account of the Committee's activities and of reactions thereto. It gives psychologists a skeletonized story of a recent and interesting series of events in Washington. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychology, psychiatry, and legislation.

'The APA Committee on Relations with Psychiatry and the Psychiatric Committee on Relations with Psychology held a joint meeting on January 22 and 23 for the purpose of clarifying the earlier proposal for a joint agreement, on some legislative and other matters, between the two APA's… Each committee produced a statement." The two statements are incorporated as the main portions of this article. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Across the Secretary's Desk: Testimony Before Congressional Committee; Statement on Mental Health Legislation; Extra Pay for Scientists in Uniform.

Provides information on testimony before a congressional committee regarding three bills relating to governmental activity in the field of mental health. A statement is provided by Fillmore Sanford on mental health legislation. Information is presented regarding a bill that was before the House Committee on the Armed Services designed to extend to "certain scientists" the same supplemental pay now going to doctors, dentists, and veterinarians on active duty with the Armed Forces. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Across the Secretary's Desk: The Growth of APA.

Discusses membership in the APA and its growth over the past year; how the National Science Foundation has taken steps to construct an up-to-date and continuing Register of Scientific and Technical Personnel; the 1954 membership Directory; the Fourteenth International Congress of Psychology, to be held in Montreal, June 7-12; notes and news regarding APA members; and the APA Building Fund, including the names of the October through January contributors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Across the Secretary's Desk: Sample of Outgoing Mail.

In February, the Executive Secretary hit upon a new and to him a nicely adaptive mechanism for meeting the constantly felt need to let American Psychological Association (APA) members know at least as much as they want to about the operation of their Central Office. He asked the professional staff of the Central Office to look through copies of the last month's correspondence from the Secretary's Audograph to see if they could find material that was (a) of at least mild potential interest to a number of APA members, (b) illustrative of some facet of APA functioning, (c) free of any threat to the privacy of the recipient, and (d) at least moderately literate. Each member of the staff found some material which he was willing, under pressure, to mark as meeting the above criteria. Though the level of reliability was nothing to brag about, the process, abetted by some editorial license, resulted in the following array of sentences and paragraphs from the Executive Secretary's outgoing correspondence for a month or so early in 1955. Each item is reproduced in this article with the permission of its recipient. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychology, history, and the press: The case of William McDougall and The New York Times..

A number of reasons have been suggested for the rapid decline in influence and credibility experienced by William McDougall after his arrival in America. To obtain some evidence on this issue, all articles appearing in The New York Times between 1906 and 1940 in which McDougall was mentioned were coded for the nature of the image conveyed. Articles mentioning the two authors most similar to McDougall in terms of number of citations, Joseph Jastrow and Edward L. Thorndike, were also coded for the nature of the image conveyed. In contrast to the images of Jastrow and Thorndike, the image McDougall conveyed was significantly more negative. McDougall was more often satirized, and references to McDougall were significantly less likely to be simple reporting of something he had said or done. Results are discussed in terms of the role of the press in "deciding" controversies in which the scientific community has lost interest. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Press coverage of the new psychology by the New York Times during the Progressive Era.

[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 14(3) of History of Psychology (see record 2011-16916-003). In Table 1, under the “General” column, the Total should have been 40. Additionally, on page 114, paragraph 3, line 3 should have read, “Between 1885 and 1919, they published 40 articles about the new experimental psychology, 100 stories reporting on applied psychology, 19 stories dealing with psychoanalysis, 38 accounts of psychology’s interest in spiritualism, and 25 articles on the Emmanuel movement (Table 1).” The online version of this article has been corrected.] Press coverage of psychology by the New York Times was examined for the Progressive Era. Following a period in which psychology was associated with spiritualism, psychoanalysis, and the Emmanuel movement, the Times gave editorial preference to reports about psychology's applications. Reaching an audience that was both affluent and influential, the topics emphasized by the Times included the lie detector, psychological applications in the work place, mental tests, and child psychology. These areas reflected issues of social concern to Progressives, publicized the rise of the psychologist as expert, and aided psychology in its challenge to common sense. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Legislation and the academic tradition in psychology.

The "rationale which both justifies and demands that psychologists address themselves to the broad matter of social control" is summarized. "Legislation should be viewed as one example of how a mature and responsible discipline establishes a formal liaison with its controlling society. I think it is to our mutual interest to make a public declaration about who we are, what we do, and to assure our fellow citizens of our serious intention of maintaining effective intradisciplinary control over the public function of psychologists." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychology and legislation.

Legislation concerning psychology must be viewed in a larger political and social context. There must be opposition to restrictive legislation which seems currently to arise out of the anti-intellectualism of the present. Legislation is only the third of the means of protecting the public from quackery—the first two are training of professionals and public education concerning the profession. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The New York University conference on human problem solving.

"A conference of about 40 psychologists to explore the present status of research in the field of human problem solving was held at New York University… " in April 1954. "The program consisted of general papers and discussions in the mornings and brief reports of current research in the afternoons." Areas of agreement and disagreement and points of view of the conference discussants are cited. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychology and City College.

Comments on announcements made in the April 1988 issue of the American Psychologist (American Psychological Association [APA], 1988). The author expresses his own congratulations to alumni of the City College of New York who were winners of APA Awards. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

中国铝业公司纽约、香港上市的启示录

中国铝业公司在纽约、香港同时成功上市有如下几点启示:①上市不仅获得了企业发展资金,也促进了企业经营机制的转换;②搞好企业资产重组是成功上市的基础;③除创造好自身上市条件外,还要把握好上市时机;④一定要选择好中介机构。     

Turbidity Model for Ashokan Reservoir, New York: Case Study

Terrigenous inorganic particles delivered during runoff events cause problems of high turbidity in many lakes and reservoirs. A turbidity model, composed of a two-dimensional hydrothermal/transport submodel and a turbidity submodel, is developed and tested for Ashokan Reservoir, New York, that experiences elevated turbidity levels following runoff events. A robotic monitoring network, rapid profiling instrumentation, and individual particle analyses are used to support the modeling, by specifying turbidity loads and in-reservoir patterns and features of the particles that guided representation of settling. The turbidity-causing particles are clay minerals, 1–10?μm in diameter. The hydrothermal/transport submodel that serves as the physical framework for the overall model, was separately validated for a 13-year period. The turbidity submodel considered three particle-size/settling velocity classes of turbidity, consistent with the independent individual particle characterizations. Robust performance is demonstrated for the overall turbidity model, as it simulates well the wide range of patterns observed in the reservoir and withdrawal, associated with a number of major runoff events from the same 13-year period. The model will be used to support forecasting in the evaluation of management alternatives intended to abate the problem.     

What Did and Did Not Cause Collapse of World Trade Center Twin Towers in New York?

Previous analysis of progressive collapse showed that gravity alone suffices to explain the overall collapse of the World Trade Center Towers. However, it remains to be determined whether the recent allegations of controlled demolition have any scientific merit. The present analysis proves that they do not. The video record available for the first few seconds of collapse is shown to agree with the motion history calculated from the differential equation of progressive collapse but, despite uncertain values of some parameters, it is totally out of range of the free fall hypothesis, on which these allegations rest. It is shown that the observed size range (0.01–0.1?mm) of the dust particles of pulverized concrete is consistent with the theory of comminution caused by impact, and that less than 10% of the total gravitational energy, converted to kinetic energy, sufficed to produce this dust (whereas, more than 150?t of TNT per tower would have to be installed, into many small holes drilled into concrete, to produce the same pulverization). The air ejected from the building by gravitational collapse must have attained, near the ground, the speed of almost 500 miles per hour (or 223?m/s, or 803?km/h) on average, and fluctuations must have reached the speed of sound. This explains the loud booms and wide spreading of pulverized concrete and other fragments, and shows that the lower margin of the dust cloud could not have coincided with the crushing front. The resisting upward forces due to pulverization and to ejection of air, dust, and solid fragments, neglected in previous studies, are indeed found to be negligible during the first few seconds of collapse but not insignificant near the end of crush-down. The calculated crush-down duration is found to match a logical interpretation of seismic record, while the free fall duration grossly disagrees with this record.     

The fall of Howell Raines and The New York Times: A study in the moralization of organizational life.

Howell Raines, the executive editor of The New York Times from September 2001 to June 2003, was fired by the publisher after it was revealed that a reporter, Jayson Blair, had submitted false reports and plagiarized articles. Because Blair was an African American, and Raines, as well as the publisher, Arthur Sulzberger Jr., were both committed to diversity, the event took on the character of an interracial event. However, such a perspective is quite limiting. Drawing on reports written by New York Times journalists, a study of the Sulzberger family, which owns the Times, and an autobiography that Raines wrote some 10 years before he became executive editor, this article concludes that Raines's pursuit of pleasure, in response to his midlife transition, dovetailed with the wider cultural trend of personalism and the emergence of what can be called moralizing organizations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychology in the States.

Gustad reports on the establishment of a Department of Mental Health in Iowa, a program of voluntary certification in Massachusets, and the participation of the New Jersey Psychological Association in the 2nd Legistative Forum on health and welfare. Information on the New York State Psychological Association and the Oregon Psychological Association are also presented. The establishment of more mental hygiene clinics in Suffok County, NY, certification legislation in Pennsylvania, and action oriented programs in Texas. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)