Improving the electrical and mechanical behavior of electrically conductive paint by partial replacement of silver by carbon black

Partial replacement of silver particles by carbon black (low cost) in electrically conductive paint was found to decrease the electrical resistivity and increase the scratch resistance of the resulting thick film, which is for use in electrical interconnections. An effective carbon black content is 0.055 of the total filler volume. By using a total solid volume fraction of 0.1969 and a silane-propanol (1:1 by weight) solution as the vehicle, a paint that gives a thick film with resistivity 2 × 10⁻³ Ω·cm has been attained.     

Effect of the fabrication method on the electrical properties of poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene-co-styrene)/carbon black composites

Poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene-co-styrene) (ABS), an engineering plastic, was combined with carbon black (CB) to increase its conductivity. The ABS/CB composites were prepared using two different methods: dissolution of ABS in Butan-2-one and manual mixing of the constituent materials. These fabrication methods led to different microstructures, which led to vastly different electrical properties. The microstructures were acquired using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy, while the electrical conductivity was obtained using impedance spectroscopy. The percolation threshold of the composites fabricated using the manual mixing method was found to be much lower (0.0054 vol.% CB) than that of the composites fabricated using the dissolution method (2.7 vol.% CB).     

纳米碳管增强铜基电接触材料制备的优化设计

用正交试验法优化了纳米碳管增强铜基电接触材料的制备工艺,探讨了纳米碳管表面处理时间、原料球磨时间和纳米碳管含量对复合材料综合性能的影响。结果表明:最佳制备工艺参数为,表面处理时间1.0h,球磨时间8h,纳米碳管最佳质量分数为0.1%。在优化制备的纳米碳管增强铜基电接触材料中,纳米碳管分散均匀,其布氏硬度为78.3HBS 2.5/62.5/30,电阻率为2.08×10–6Ω·cm,抗熔焊及抗氧化性能均得到较大提高,能够满足电接触材料综合性能的要求。     

黑碳气溶胶的光散射特性研究

利用光电检测法研究黑碳气溶胶粒子的光散射特性,根据粒子的光散射特性来分析它的尺度谱.黑碳气溶胶粒子在激光的作用下产生散射光,利用光电检测器检测黑碳气溶胶粒子发出的散射光.提出了利用散射光信号的前沿部分进行拟合,得到粒子散射光信号的完整高斯分布.     

亚洲地区黑碳气溶胶外场在线观测研究进展

黑碳气溶胶是化石燃料和生物质不完全燃烧的产物之一, 不仅影响着空气质量和人体健康, 还通过吸收太阳辐射改变辐照平衡从而影响区域乃至全球气候。亚洲地区作为世界七大洲中人口最多、面积最广的地区, 黑碳气溶胶排放量占全球排放量二分之一以上。对当前黑碳气溶胶观测所用主要仪器与方法, 以及亚洲地区从上世纪九十年代至今有关黑碳气溶胶的观测结果进行了系统性总结。通过总结发现亚洲地区大气黑碳浓度分布特征与人口分布特征相一致, 中国地区黑碳浓度分界线与胡焕庸线大致吻合, 佐证了黑碳主要受人为活动影响的结论;并进一步分析了亚洲地区黑碳排放来源及影响因素,以及黑碳光学性质的最新研究成果;最后总结了当前研究中存在的不足, 并对黑碳气溶胶未来研究方向提出了展望。     

Hygrothermal Stability of Electrical Contacts Made from Silver and Graphite Electrically Conductive Pastes

The hygrothermal stability of electrical contacts made from silver and graphite electrically conductive pastes is comparatively evaluated by measurement of the increase in contact electrical resistance during immersion in water at 15°C and 40°C. The pastes are silver paint, silver paint with a nonconductive epoxy overcoat, silver epoxy, and graphite colloid. Each electrical contact is made between a seven-strand tin-coated copper wire and the surface of a carbon fiber epoxy-matrix composite. Silver paint and graphite colloid penetrate the spaces among the 130-μm-diameter strands, but silver epoxy does not. Partly due to its low penetrability and the silver flake (15 μm) preferred orientation, silver epoxy gives contacts of significantly higher resistance than silver paint. Graphite colloid is comparable to silver epoxy in the resistance. Among the four pastes, silver paint with an epoxy overcoat is most durable, though it gives slightly higher resistance than silver paint without epoxy. Silver epoxy is less durable than silver paint without an epoxy overcoat, particularly at 40°C, due to the low hygrothermal stability of epoxy. Graphite colloid is even less durable than silver epoxy, due to its being water based.     

碳黑用量对硅橡胶压阻材料性能的影响

以高导电纳米碳黑为导电填料,甲基乙烯基硅橡胶为基材,制备出了硅橡胶压阻材料,并对其电性能和力学性能进行了表征。研究了碳黑用量对硅橡胶压阻材料电性能、压缩应力松弛性能以及电阻蠕变性能的影响。结果表明,碳黑用量对硅橡胶压阻材料的性能影响很大。当碳黑用量为质量分数14%~16%时,所制得的硅橡胶压阻材料性能优良,在反复加载20次的过程中,其压阻曲线的重复性很好,这为其下一步的器件化提供了可能。     

The improvement of electrical properties of Pd-based contact to p-GaN by surface treatment

The surface treatment effect on the interfacial reaction and electrical property of Au/Pd contacts to p-GaN has been investigated. The contact resistance of Au/Pd contacts on boiling aqua regia treated p-GaN was lower than aqua regia treated p-GaN by one order of magnitude. The specific contact resistivity of Au/Pd contacts on boiling aqua regia treated p-GaN increased with annealing temperature, but that on aqua regia treated p-GaN decreased with annealing temperature and it showed minimum value after annealing at 700°C. According to the results of the interfacial reaction, the Au/Pd contact metals reacted more easily with aqua regia treated p-GaN than boiling aqua regia treated p-GaN. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed that the relative surface Ga-to-N ratio of boiling aqua regia treated p-GaN was lower than that of aqua regia treated p-GaN and the surface of p-GaN was modified from Ga-termination to N-termination by surface treatment using boiling aqua regia. According to the results of surface analysis and interfacial reaction of Au/Pd/p-GaN, it could be concluded that the different temperature dependence of contact resistance according to the surface treatment conditions was related strongly to the surface modification of p-GaN from Ga-termination to N-termination.     

Template free titiania photoanodes modified with carbon black or multi-wall carbon nanotubes: Thermal treatment at low and high temperature for the fabrication of quasi-solid state dye sensitized solar cells

A simple procedure was developed to prepare modified titiania (TiO₂) photoanodes for dye sensitized solar cells at low and high temperature in order to improve overall cell efficiency. Modification of TiO₂ films achieved by the incorporation of either carbon black powder (CBP) or multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). A small quantity of titanium alkoxide was added in a dispersion of titiania (TiO₂) powder consisting of nanoparticles at room temperature, which after alkoxide׳s hydrolysis helps to the connection between titiania (TiO₂) particles and to the formation of mechanically stable relatively thick films on conductive glass substrates. The absence of surfactant allowed us to prepare films at relatively low temperature (~100 °C), while the effect of sintering at a higher temperature (500 °C) was also studied. The structural properties of the films were examined with porosimetry method and microscopy analysis. Better electrical results were obtained for the MWCNT (0.1 wt%) modified TiO₂ films, with 3.14% and 4.68% conversion efficiencies under 1 sun illumination after treatment at 100 °C and 500 °C, respectively. The enhancement in photocurrent for MWCNT-TiO₂ films compared to pure TiO₂ films is attributed to the improved interconnectivity between TiO₂ nanoparticles, which further improved the electron transport through the film. For carbon doped CBP-TiO₂ cells, lower efficiencies were observed compared to pure TiO₂.     

An Individual Carbon Nanotube Transistor Tuned by High Pressure

A transistor based on an individual multiwalled carbon nanotube is studied under high‐pressure up to 1 GPa. Dramatic effects are observed, such as the lowering of the Schottky barrier at the gold–nanotube contacts, the enhancement of the intertube conductance, including a discontinuity related to a structural transition, and the decrease of the gate hysteresis of the device.     

Carbon-black thixotropic thermal pastes for improving thermal contacts

This paper addresses thermal interface materials for thermal conduction of excess heat for microelectronic applications. Carbon black (30 nm) thixotropic paste based on polyol ethers is comparable to carbon black fluidic paste based on polyethylene glycol (PEG) in its effectiveness as a thermal paste, and in its dependence on pressure history. Prior pressure (up to 0.69 MPa) application is helpful. The optimum carbon black content is 2.4 vol.% for the thixotropic paste. The thermal contact conductance across copper surfaces is 30 × 10⁴ and 11 × 10⁴ W/m²-°C for surface roughness of 0.05 μm and 15 μm, respectively. The volume electrical resistivity is 3 × 10³ Ω-cm. Boron nitride (BN) (5–11 μm) and graphite (5 μm) thixotropic pastes are less effective than carbon black thixotropic paste by up to 70% and 25%, respectively, in thermal contact conductance, due to low conformability.     

Effect of electron irradiation on morphological,compositional and electrical properties of nanocluster carbon thin films grown using room temperature based cathodic arc process for large area microelectronics

The influence of 8 MeV electron beam bombardment on room temperature grown nanocluster carbon using cathodic arc process has been studied here. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) study shows that surface roughness varies with varying electron doses. High doses of electrons could causes thermal induce graphitization and morphological changes in the films. Raman spectroscopy analysis reveals that G-peak vary from 1555 cm⁻¹ to 1570 cm⁻¹ and D-peak varying from 1361 cm⁻¹ to 1365 cm⁻¹ indicating the disorderness and presence of both graphitic and diamond-like phases. Room temperature conductivity changes by two to three orders in magnitude. The conductivity in the films could be due to conduction of charge carriers through neighboring islands of conductive chains. Defect states calculated using the differential technique varies from 8 × 10¹⁷cm⁻³ eV⁻¹ to 1.5 × 10¹⁹ cm⁻³ eV⁻¹. Irradiation of nanocluster carbon thin films could be helpful to tune the electrical properties and defect densities of the nanocluster carbon films for various large area, flexible electronic and nano electronic applications.     

氮气压强对脉冲激光沉积类金刚石薄膜和红外光学特性的影响

为了研究氮气压强对脉冲激光沉积(PLD)类金刚石(DLC)薄膜和红外光学特性的影响,在脉冲激光沉积类金刚石薄膜的实验过程中,把沉积腔抽真空到10-5Pa,再在沉积腔中分别充入10-3、10-2和10-1Pa的氮气来沉积类金刚石薄膜。用拉曼光谱仪和X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)对类金刚石薄膜的微结构与组成进行检测分析;用原子力显微镜(AFM)对薄膜的表面形貌进行检测分析;用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)对类金刚石薄膜的红外光透射谱进行检测分析。实验结果表明,沉积腔中的氮气压强从10-3Pa增加到10-1Pa时,类金刚石薄膜中sp3键含量增加;C-O和C=O含量减少;石墨晶粒尺寸减小;薄膜表面粗糙度显著增大。与此同时,氮气压强增加还导致类金刚石薄膜对红外光的增透作用减弱、增透范围变窄。     

碳纤维强化聚合物封装的FBG传感器制备与特性试验

采用碳纤维强化聚合物(CFRP)对光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)进行封装,研制出用于测量混凝土内部应变的FBG应变传感器,分析了传感器轴向应变分布与结构参数的关系.通过在等强度梁和霍普金森压杆(SHPB)上的试验,得到了FBG传感器的静态性能指标和动态响应特性,结果表明,FBG应变传感器线性度≤1%,埋入混凝土结构内的F...