电絮凝净化海水过程中电流效率和总磷去除率的研究

采用铁电极对电絮凝工艺处理受污染海水过程中电流效率和总磷去除率的变化进行了研究。研究结果表明,在电絮凝工艺处理海水的过程中存在较高的电流效率,电流密度对电流效率的影响高于极板间距的影响;电絮凝工艺对海水中的总磷具有很好的去除效果,总磷去除率能达到80.58%,且总磷去除率随着电流密度的增大和通电时间的延长而增加;总磷的剩余浓度与通电电流呈一级反应关系,并由此拟合出电絮凝处理海水中总磷的动力学方程。     

Soil removal by dishwashing detergents

Summary A new technique for the evaluation of dishwashing detergent efficiency in terms of percentages of soil removed has been developed by the adaptation of conventional detergency laboratory equipment. The soils used are synthetic, containing ingredients encountered in home and restaurant dishwashing (egg, grease, milk, flour, etc.). The substrates to be cleaned can be varied to meet the needs of any particular test: glass, pottery, or metal. The test has been shown to be reproducible and provides a sufficiently large range of removal percentages so that minor dishwashing detergent formula variations can be measured. A correlation between this new technique and a more cumbersome and time-consuming, semi-practical manual plate washing method has been demonstrated. Presented at fall meeting, American Oil Chemists’ Society, Philadelphia, Pa., Oct. 10–12, 1955.     

干法乙炔脱硫

论述了干法乙炔生产中去除乙炔气体中H2S杂质的工艺计算和工艺指标的控制,解决了干法乙炔清净不合格的问题。     

Intensification of dust removal process

The design of barbotage‐rotation installation with different profiles of blades of the rotator has been created on the basis of modeling method. As a result of the complexity of aerohydrodynamic research in the system “gas–liquid” carried out on the aforementioned unit, certain recommendations on the improvement of the construction and operating conditions have been developed with a view to rise the effectiveness of dust removal. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 3357–3360, 2006     

Evaluation of a functionalized copolymer as adsorbent on direct dyes removal process: Kinetics and equilibrium studies

Functionalized polymeric microbeads were investigated as adsorbent for the removal of three direct dyes from aqueous solutions. The effects of different experimental parameters, such as initial dye concentration, temperature, and solution pH on the adsorption process were investigated. The adsorption process can be conducted with very good result at normal working conditions: neutral pH and normal temperature. The maximum percentage removal obtained was 99.11% for the symmetrical disazo dye, 90.14% for asymmetrical disazo dye, and 98.53% for trisazo dye. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo‐second‐order equation for all three investigated dyes in all working conditions. The experimental data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips, and Redlich–Peterson isotherm models, and the best fit was obtained with Sips model. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔH°, ΔS°, and ΔG°) revealed that dye adsorption is an endothermic and spontaneous process. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Effective design of a precision removal process of ITO thin-films

This study presents a new modus of electroremoval using a ‘design recycle’ system offering faster performance in removing the color filter surface Indium–tin-oxide (ITO) thin-films. This system can effectively recycle defective products, thus decreasing both production costs and pollution. For the removal-process, the high rotational speed of the cathode elevates the dreg discharge mobility and improves the removal effect. The high flow velocity of the electrolyte provides increased discharge mobility and better removal effects. A small gap between the cathode and the ITO surface or a higher working temperature corresponds to a higher removal rate of ITO. A faster feed rate of color filters combined with a higher electric current produces a fast removal rate. A pulsed current can improve the effect of dreg discharge and contributes to the achievement of a fast workpiece (color filter) feed rate, but raises the current rating.     

Sodium diclofenac removal from a pharmaceutical wastewater by electro-Fenton process

ABSTRACT

In this study, the experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of five independent variables on the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal in a pharmaceutical wastewater contaminated with sodium diclofenac. The parameters were statistically optimized under response surface mythology. The optimum conditions for 97.21% of COD removal experimentally were at reaction time of 59.68 min, current density of 58.47 mA/cm², pH of 2.89, volume ratio of 0.32 ml/l and H₂O₂/Fe²⁺ molar ratio of 3.60.     

Enameling as a nonsteady-state process

It is shown that linear shrinkage curves can be helpful in gaining insight into how an enemel coating is formed as the powdered bond coat is fritted. In particular, they can be of assistance in assessing the degree of oxidation for the substrate surface. The results reported here can be used both when existing enameling processes are to be improved and new ones designed. Translated from Steklo i Keramika, No. 5, pp. 27–29, May, 1997.     

Phytic acid removal from soybeans by a lipid protein concentrate process

Over 90% of phytic acid has been removed from full-fat soy flour by a lipid-protein concentrate process previously reported in 1974 by the Northern Regional Research Center. In the current study, parameters for optimizing phytic acid removal were evaluated. By changing both the molar concentration of the calcium chloride solution used and the pH of the initial acid slurry, various amounts of phytic acid and mineral elements were recovered in the acid-precipitated curd. A mathematical treatment of the data using multiple regression analusis showed phytic acid removal possible from 10 to 90%, zinc recovery from 10 to 90%, and calcium concentrations equalling twice that of the original starting flour. All variable conditions introduced into the process had no effect on protein (90–93%), fat (98–100%), and iron (94–96%) recoveries. The results presented in this report can be applied to a large number of processes now being used for making edible soy proteins, and thereby low phytin-containing products can be acheived.     

Effect of an electro phosphorous removal process on phosphorous removal and membrane permeability in a pilot-scale MBR

The pilot membrane bioreactor (MBR) was equipped with an electro-coagulation process for phosphorous removal (EPR process). The effect of the EPR process on nutrient removal and membrane permeability was investigated in this study.Experiments were carried out for about 5 months with the pilot MBR that treated wastewater at a capacity of 50 m³/day. And the MBR used two different materials of the plate type membrane: polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polyethersulfone (PES). Phosphorous ion released from the anaerobic settling tank was coagulated by electrochemical reaction with aluminum ion discharged from aluminum plate electrodes in the EPR tank. The phosphate (PO₄³⁻-P) removal efficiency and the total phosphorous (TP) removal efficiency by electro-coagulation were 89.2% and 79.9%, respectively. Results of particle size distribution (PSD) analysis showed that the particle sizes of flocs were mostly in the range of 50-150 μm, and the membrane resistance decreased significantly in the MBR as the EPR proceeded. Consequently, this study showed that the EPR process was useful for reducing trans-membrane pressure (TMP) and for removal of phosphorous in the MBR, which was operated in long sludge retention time (SRT) conditions.     

膜法除硝系统的优化设计

CIM膜法除硝工艺由SRS膜法除硝工艺发展而来。对CIM膜法除硝装置运行情况进行系统分析,并根据国内氯碱行业的特点对其流程进行优化设计。优化后的CIM膜法除硝装置的运行稳定性和节能性均得到大大提高。     

钙法脱硝运行总结

根据工艺需要以及试验和成本核算结果探讨了钙法脱硝工艺的可行性,并制定了实施方案,取得了很好的效果;改进后的工艺在运行过程中又发现了一些问题,再经改进,最终使工艺趋于完善。     

传统生物除磷脱氮工艺和反硝化除磷工艺对比

介绍了传统生物除磷脱氮和反硝化除磷的机理,比较了几个有代表性的传统除磷脱氮工艺和反硝化除磷工艺。通过分析认为反硝化除磷菌(DPB)能够以硝态氮为电子受体,从而大大节省耗氧量,缓解常规工艺对外加碳源的需求。如何在不增加工艺流程复杂性的同时,在工艺中充分富集DPB是反硝化除磷的关键。     

Binder removal via a two-stage debinding process for ceramic injection molding parts

Debinding binders in two stages is critical to maintaining the shape of injected parts; the resulting decomposition affects the strength and rigidity of a structure. This study determines the optimal debinding process on the basis of a higher binder removal rate and the production of defect-free parts. The feedstock used was a combination of alumina–zirconia powder with a binder that consists of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), paraffin wax (PW), and stearic acid (SA). During the first stage, the injected parts were immersed in an n-heptane solution at 50 °C, 60 °C, 65 °C, and 70 °C to remove PW and SA. Binder weight loss was evaluated as a function of time. In the second stage, HDPE was removed by using thermal debinding. The results show that the optimum solvent debinding process runs for 16 h at 60 °C. The weight loss of the binder reaches 41.1% and results in the formation of defect-free parts. The binders are degraded at approximately 550 °C during thermal debinding. This degradation resulted in decomposition of nearly 96.9% of the binders. Low heating rates (1 °C/min to 2 °C/min) prevent defects from forming in the injected parts.     

基于ANAMMOX工艺基础上的DEAMOX新型生物脱氮工艺

反硝化氨氧化(DEAMOX)是指在自养反硝化条件下,以硫化物为电子供体,将硝酸盐还原成亚硝酸盐,然后发生以氨氮为电子供体,亚硝酸盐为电子受体的厌氧氨氧化反应。亚硝酸盐的产生和厌氧氨氧化在同一反应器内完成。综述了DEAMOX新型生物脱氮工艺的反应机理、脱氮效果及微生物特性。同时对该工艺的优势及应用前景进行了比较分析。     

铝线刻蚀后聚合物清洗工艺对CD测试的影响

主要分析了目前最常用的氟系药液去除干法刻蚀后存留聚合物的原理及该过程中对CD测试的影响,通过实验比较了该清洗工艺过程中关键工艺参数对CD测试的影响,并找到了影响CD测试的关键因素,进而提出了监控关键工艺参数等有效的控制方法.     

CIM膜法脱除盐水中的硫酸根

介绍了中国平煤神马集团开封东大化工有限公司脱除盐水中硫酸根的方法,总结了CIM膜法脱除硫酸根的经验。