活性染料废水的电解絮凝预处理研究

探讨电解絮凝对活性染料废水的预处理效果,对影响处理效果的各因素进行试验分析,确定最佳试验条件。正交试验结果表明,电解电压对电解处理效果的影响最大,其次是电解后废水的pH,然后依次是极板间距和电解时间。活性炭对电解絮凝处理的促进效果明显。预处理后废水CODCr去除率达59.9％,脱色效果好,废水透光率达到98％,BOD5／CODCr由原来0.1提高至0.3,可生化性大大提高,为生物处理奠定了基础。     

离子交换树脂生产废水处理

通过分析树脂生产废水的主要污染源,提出了加强物化预处理延长生化处理的治理方案,即采用曝气调节—铁碳内电解氧化—中和沉淀—脱钙—生物接触氧化工艺。同时采取母液回收、氯甲醚外购、白球废水预处理等清洁工艺,降低废水污染物浓度。工程实践得出,经该工艺处理后的废水,出水水质可达《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978—1996)一级标准。     

铁碳微电解工艺在含氟废水处理工程中的应用

根据某含氟废水的水质特点,采用废水综合调节池、铁碳微电解、混凝沉淀、砂滤及活性炭吸附工艺对含氟废水进行处理,经过一段时间运行后,污染物COD、氟化物的平均去除率达到90.7%和94.7%,出水水质完全符合排放标准并为光伏产业生产过程中排放的含氟废水处理提供参考,并提出了对铁碳微电解和混凝沉淀工艺进行优化的建议。     

酸析—微电解—Fenton氧化预处理亚麻脱胶废水的研究

高浓度亚麻脱胶废水CODCr、色度都很高,不宜直接进行生物处理.试验采用酸析-微电解-Fenton氧化的预处理工艺,并对反应的影响因素进行了研究,试验结果表明,在pH=3,微电解90 min,H2O2投量1 500 mg/L,Fenton氧化120 min的条件下,CODCr去除率可以达到71.4%,色度去除率超过90%.同时该方法提高了废水的可生化性,有利于后续的生化处理.     

铁碳微电解—水解酸化—接触氧化工艺处理动物药制品废水

某动物药制品废水采用铁碳微电解—水解酸化-A/O接触氧化工艺处理,工程建成后经过一年的调试,出水各项水质指标均达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)要求.针对制药废水的特殊性,主工艺前增加铁碳微电解作为预处理工艺,提高了废水的可生化性,大幅度减少了废水中有毒有害物质,保证后续生化处理的顺利进行,也保证了废水的达标排放.物化与生化组合工艺,启动快,可连续或间断运行.     

水解酸化脱溶—铁盐混凝预处理印染废水的研究

探讨了水解酸化脱溶和铁盐混凝工艺处理印染废水的基本原理和反应机理,阐述了该工艺在印染废水治理中的应用。从实际应用看,水解酸化脱溶—铁盐混凝工艺具有适应范围广、处理效果好、成本低廉等优点。作为印染废水预处理工序,可以使后续生化和物化工序处于更合适的浓度范围而获得更理想的处理效果。     

制药废水处理工程实例研究

某制药企业生产废水以中药废水为主，兼有少量合成制药废水，设计将中药废水、合成制药废水单独预处理之后，再一道进行生化处理和深度处理。预处理采用了混凝气浮、铁碳微电解、混凝沉淀、臭氧氧化等工艺，生化处理采用水解酸化+两级生物接触氧化工艺，深度处理采用活性炭吸附，运行实践表明该组合工艺具有良好的处理效果，出水水质稳定达标。介绍了本制药废水处理项目的技术方案、详细设计参数和实际运行效果，为同类项目提供借鉴和参考。     

宁夏某制药公司生产废水处理工程实例

宁夏某制药公司扩建生产线后新增废水120 m~3/d,排放的生产废水具有COD高,成分复杂,可生化性差等特点。针对上述废水的特点,采用了预处理+生化处理+深度处理的组合工艺;预处理采用溶气气浮+Fe/C微电解+Fenton氧化+混凝沉淀工艺,生化处理采用水解酸化池+ABR+A/O工艺,深度处理采用一体化环形氧化混凝沉淀池+砂滤罐工艺。工程实践表明,出水各种污染物指标均达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)一级排放标准,处理效果稳定。     

微电解-Fenton法处理2—3酸生产废水的研究

采用微电解 Fenton法进行了2—3酸生产废水(CODCr的质量浓度为3000～4000mg/L,色度为32～64倍)处理的试验研究,分别对微电解反应和Fenton反应的条件、影响、结果逐一进行讨论,得出结论:微电解反应出水经过4～5h的Fenton反应和碱性条件下15～20min的混凝沉淀后,废水中CODCr质量浓度为120～140mg/L,CODCr去除率达95%以上。     

电凝聚对厨房废水处理的试验研究

采用电凝聚对厨房废水进行处理。通过改变电流密度、电解时间、沉淀时间等条件 ,进行了对废水中的COD ,浊度 ,NH3-N ,油 ,TP去除率的试验研究。当COD为 2 2 6 4mg/L ,油 15 5 4mg/L ,浊度 330 3NTU ,NH3-N 4 5mg/L ,TP 2 1 36mg/L时 ,在电流密度 2 0A/m2 ,沉淀时间 15min ,电解时间 10min的条件下 ,COD和氨氮去除率接近 70 % ,油的去除率达 90 %以上 ;对TP和浊度也有较好的去除效果     

粒子电极法深度处理焦化废水实验

对粒子电极法在焦化废水三级处理工艺方面的应用进行实验.结果表明:在电解电压12V、电解时间40min、活性炭加入少量玻璃珠粒子电极条件下,粒子电极法对焦化废水二级处理出水的COD去除率可达到70%.     

Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) treatment of supernatant of cow manure by thermal pre-treatment.

Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) methane fermentation treatment of cow manure that was subjected to screw pressing, thermal treatment and subsequent solid-liquid separation was studied. Conducting batch scale tests at temperatures between 140 and 180 degrees C, the optimal temperature for sludge settling and the color suppression was found to be between 160-170 degrees C. UASB treatment was carried out with a supernatant obtained from the thermal treatment at the optimal conditions (170 degrees C for 30 minutes) and polymer-dosed solid-liquid separation. In the UASB treatment with a COD(Cr) loading of 11.7 kg/m3/d and water temperature of 32.2 degrees C, the COD(Cr) level dropped from 16,360 mg/L in raw water to 3,940 mg/L in treated water (COD(Cr), removal rate of 75.9%), and the methane production rate per COD(Cr) was 0.187 Nm3/kg. Using wastewater thermal-treated at the optimal conditions, also a methane fermentation treatment with a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) was conducted (COD(Cr) in raw water: 38,000 mg/L, hydraulic retention time (HRT): 20 days, 35 degrees C). At the COD(Cr) loading of 1.9 kg/m3/d, the methane production rate per COD(Cr), was 0.153 Nm3/kg. This result shows that UASB treatment using thermal pre-treatment provides a COD(Cr), loading of four times or more and a methane production rate of 1.3 times higher than the CSTR treatment.     

Treatment of swine wastewater using MLE process and membrane bio-reactor.

The aim of this study was to develop the optimum integrated treatment system for slurry type swine wastewater through field testing. Although composting and liquid composting are the most desirable processes to treat swine wastewater, inadequate composting has been blamed as critical non-point source pollutants. In the area with limited crop land and grass land, the most feasible method to handle slurry type swine wastewater would be that the solids portion from the solids/liquid separation process is treated by composting and then the liquid portion is treated by a series of wastewater treatment processes, including physicochemical treatment system and biological nutrient removal systems such as the modified Ludzack Ettinger (MLE) process and MLE process coupled with a membrane, to satisfy the different effluent criteria. When using the appropriate solids/liquid separation system, the removal efficiency of SS, COD(Cr), and TKN was 92.4%, 73.6%, and 46.0%, respectively and the amount of bulking agent required for composting and organic loading rate for the following wastewater treatment system can be reduced by 94.8% and 84.7%, respectively. When treating the effluent from solids/liquid separation process by MLE process, the optimal volume fraction for denitrification was 20% of total reactor volume and the optimum ratio of F/M and F(N)/M were increased with increase of C/N ratio. Since the effluent quality of MLE process is not enough to discharge, the DAF process was operated with addition of FeCl3 and cationic polyelectrolyte. The effluent from the DAF process was treated in the MLE process coupled with a crossflow ultrafiltration membrane to satisfy more stringent effluent criteria. When external carbon source is added to keep 6.0 of C/N ratio, the efficiency of denitrification is best. The optimum linear velocity and transmembrane pressure for MBR process was 1.8 m/sec and 2.1 atm, respectively. By addition of external carbon source, nitrogen compounds, especially NOx-N, were considerably removed. And by addition of powdered activated carbon, the removal efficiency of COD(Cr) and COD(Mn) and the membrane flux were increased dramatically.     

黄姜废水处理实践与分析

基于黄姜废水处理工程运行实际,着重分析了pH值、温度、COD及容积负荷等因素对UASB反应器启动的影响。该工程利用预处理＋厌氧＋好氧＋混凝、脱色组合工艺处理黄姜废水,在进水COD和色度分别达12000mg/L和600倍的情况下,出水COD和色度分别为110mg/L和50倍,COD去除率达99%。废水经处理后出水水质符合《皂素工业水污染排放标准》（GB20425-2006）。     

Fenton试剂处理港口化学品洗舱废水

根据珠海某港口化学品洗舱废水的组成,配置甲醛、甲苯、苯酚的单独污染物模拟废水,采用Fenton试剂对港口废水和模拟废水进行氧化处理。通过实验探讨了不同的H2O2和Fe2+浓度、pH值、反应时间下各种废水COD的去除情况,确定了各种废水最佳的操作条件。港口废水在最佳的操作条件下COD去除率约为88%,废水的COD质量浓度从2 000~2 200 mg/L降到低于280 mg/L,废水由原来的无法生化变为易生物降解。苯酚、甲醛、甲苯模拟废水在各自最佳的操作条件下,COD去除率也都达到85%以上。     

铁炭微电解-Fenton试剂氧化-二级A/O工艺处理化工废水工程实例

采用铁炭微电解结合Fenton试剂的化学氧化做预处理,二级A/O结合PACT工艺做后处理,混凝沉淀做辅助处理工艺处理含硝基苯的化工废水。介绍了工艺流程、主要参数和运行效果,同时讨论了该工艺的影响因素。工程监测结果表明:设计进水水量为600im~3/d,COD为5000mg/L时,预处理出水COD降至约1500mg/L,BOD/COD从0.1上升到0.3以上,后处理出水COD约为150mg/L,辅助处理出水COD小于100mg/L,COD总去除率可达97％。该工艺根据废水呈酸性的特点并合理利用废铁刨花,具有以废治废的特点,处理效果好,成本低,操作维护方便。     

会理锌矿选矿废水循环利用的研究

为解决四川会理锌矿选矿废水循环利用的问题,对自然降淀、混凝沉淀、吸附分离等处理方法分别进行了小试,并将处理后的选矿废水进行闭路试验。结果表明,混凝沉淀—活性炭吸附法处理选矿废水可有效去除COD,回用作选矿水不会影响选矿指标,可实现选矿厂废水的零排放。     

Winery wastewater treatment by constructed wetlands and the use of treated wastewater for cash crop production.

A 45 m long, 4 m wide and 1 m deep wetland was constructed at Goudini in 2002 to treat distillery and winery effluent. After the plants were fully established, the wastewater with an average chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 14,000 mg/l was introduced to the wetland system at a rate of 4,050 litres per day. After treatment, wastewater at the outlet had an average COD of 500 mg/l, indicating more than 90% COD removal. After treatment, the wastewater was used to irrigate cash crops as part of poverty alleviation for farm workers. The experiment consisted of four treatment: clean irrigation water with fertilizer applied (B1); clean irrigation water without fertilizer applied (B2); wastewater irrigation with fertilizer applied (B3); and wastewater irrigation without fertilizer applied (B4). These were replicated seven times. Cabbage was cultivated as a cash crop. The results indicated that cabbage could be irrigated with winery wastewater treated by wetlands. The study found that there was significant difference between treatments that were fertilized compared with those that were not fertilized. The results indicated that wastewater irrigation improved the nutritional status of the soil.     

Treatment of slaughterhouse plant wastewater by using a membrane bioreactor

The use of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) for removal of organic substances and nutrients from slaughterhouse plant wastewater was investigated. The chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations of slaughterhouse wastewater were found to be approximately 571 mg O2/L, 102.5 mg/L, and 16.25 mg PO4-P/L, respectively. A submerged type membrane was used in the bioreactor. The removal efficiencies for COD, total organic carbon (TOC), TP and TN were found to be 97, 96, 65, 44% respectively. The COD value of wastewater was decreased to 16 mg/L (COD discharge standard for slaughterhouse plant wastewaters is 160 mg/L). TOC was decreased to 9 mg/L (TOC discharge standard for slaughterhouse plant wastewaters is 20 mg/L). Ammonium, and nitrate nitrogen concentrations of treated effluent were 0.100 mg NH4-N/L, and 80.521 mg NO3-N/L, respectively. Slaughterhouse wastewater was successfully treated with the MBR process.     

The removal of residual organic matter from biologically treated swine wastewater using membrane bioreactor process with powdered activated carbon.

The objective of this study was to characterize the mechanisms of the COD removal in the membrane bioreactor (MBR) process with powdered activated carbon (PAC) addition and to determine its optimal operation, for the removal of residual organic matters (ROM) from biologically treated swine wastewater. The MBR process with PAC showed higher removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD(Mn)) than that without PAC. When the average COD(Mn) concentration of the influent was 217 mg/L, the average COD(Mn) concentration of the permeate from the MBR with PAC was about 41.5 mg/L, indicating an approximate removal efficiency of 81%. On the other hand, the average COD(Mn) concentration of the permeate from the MBR without PAC was 172 mg/L. The PAC dosage estimated to obtain the above removal efficiency was about 0.74 g per litre of influent. Among the total residual organics removed by PAC-added MBR, 46.5% was removed by PAC adsorption, 20.8% by biodegradation, 4.4% by membrane separation, and 9.3% by enhanced microorganism activity. From these results, the MBR process with PAC was considered as a very useful treatment process for the reduction of COD(Mn) in biologically treated swine wastewater.