高强度管线钢落锤撕裂性能的试验

摘要：以X80管线钢为试验材料,采用金相显微镜和扫描电子显微镜,研究了显微组织、M/A、夹杂物对管线钢落锤撕裂性能的影响。结果表明,管线钢落锤撕裂性能（DWTT）随着多边形铁素体体积分数的增加而改善,当多边形铁素体的体积分数超过某一临界值(约28%)后,DWTT性能开始降低;组织中的M/A岛细小且弥散分布,其尺寸控制在纳米级别有利于改善DWTT性能;针对本研究试验钢,若其厚度方向上组织均匀、组织中铁素体体积分数为28%、M/A岛平均尺寸和比例分别为0.42μm和2.8%时,试验钢具有最好的落锤撕裂性能（韧性剪切面积率94.5%）。     

轧制工艺对X80管线钢组织、织构和性能的影响

利用环境扫描电子显微镜对X80管线钢(/%:0.043C、0.25Si、1.86Mn、0.085Nb、0.001 Ti、0.028Al、0.002 7N)的显微组织进行了观察,并借助于X射线衍射仪和电子背散射衍射技术,分析了管线钢组织与晶粒织构取向的特点。结果表明,{112}〈110〉、{110}〈110〉取向增加、小角度晶界比率提高,使管线钢的落锤撕裂面积增大,韧性提高;降低终轧温度、提高冷却速度,能够得到较多的针状铁素体,对落锤撕裂性能是有利的。     

X80热连轧管线钢的成分、工艺对组织及性能的影响

对三种不同成分设计的Mn-Mo-Nb+钢的精轧轧程、轧制温度以及C、Mo含量对热轧板卷屈服强度和DWTT撕裂面积等性能的影响进行了研究,所得到的结论对提高强度,细化奥氏体晶粒,避免混晶具有指导性。采用含Mo低碳、高Nb设计,控制精轧轧程,可以获得具有优良强度和韧性的X80热连轧管线钢产品。     

精轧工艺对30 mm厚X65管线钢板组织和性能的影响

Nb-Ti微合金化X65管线钢(/%:0.07C、1.60Mn、0.35Mo)的生产工艺流程为130 t顶底复吹转炉-钢包吹氩-LF-RH-250 mm×1500 mm板坯连铸-连轧至30 mm板-控冷工艺。研究了第Ⅱ阶段开轧(890～940℃)轧后冷却温度(780～850℃)和冷却速度(8～20℃/s)对X65钢厚板拉伸、落锤性能和组织的影响。结果表明,Ⅱ阶段开轧温度为940℃,轧后冷却速度为20℃/s可以使X65钢厚板得到以针状铁素体和粒状贝氏体为主的组织,钢板抗拉强度665～695 MPa,屈服强度495～520 MPa,落锤纤维组织率约为92%,满足标准要求。     

高级别管线钢的高温屈服强度及工艺影响分析

 为了分析高强度管线钢在热加工过程中的工艺性能差异,用Gleeble 3500热模拟试验机研究了X70、X80和X100管线钢在400～800℃时的屈服应力。结果表明：高级别管线钢的高温屈服强度受温度、化学成分导致的材料相变特性差异、固溶强化和沉淀强化的影响。高强度管线钢终轧及预矫直时,屈服强度及变形抗力增加不是制约生产的因素,而钢板厚度规格对矫直力有重要的影响。     

多边铁素体对X70管线钢DWTT性能影响分析

借助光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜研究分析了多边铁素体对X70管线钢DWTT剪切面积百分比SA%的影响。分析认为：含有15%左右细小的多边铁素体在X70管线钢中可导致裂纹尖端产生较大的塑性变形,并使裂纹尖端的应力得到松弛,阻止裂纹扩展,从而提高剪切面积百分比。     

管线钢(X70)断口纤维率与显微组织关系的探讨

用扫描电镜和金相显微镜对X70钢DWTT断口纤维率差别较大的两类试样进行断口形貌和金相组织对比分析,结果表明:断口纤维率存在差别的本质原因是组织类型的差异.要提高X70钢的断口纤维率,应提高纤维组织中的针状铁素体数量,避免较大的成分偏析,并减少珠光体的数量.     

Correlation of rolling condition,microstructure, and low-temperature toughness of X70 pipeline steels

Correlation of rolling conditions, microstructure, and low-temperature toughness of high-toughness X70 pipeline steels was investigated in this study. Twelve kinds of steel specimens were fabricated by vacuum-induction melting and hot rolling, and their microstructures were varied by rolling conditions. Charpy V-notch (CVN) impact test and drop-weight tear test (DWTT) were conducted on the rolled steel specimens in order to analyze low-temperature fracture properties. Charpy impact test results indicated that the energy transition temperature (ETT) was below −100 °C when the finish cooling temperature range was 350 °C to 500 °C, showing excellent low-temperature toughness. The ETT increased because of the formation of bainitic ferrite and martensite at low finish cooling temperatures and because of the increase in effective grain size due to the formation of coarse ferrites at high finish cooling temperatures. Most of the specimens also showed excellent DWTT properties as the percent shear area well exceeded 85 pct, irrespective of finish rolling temperatures or finish cooling temperatures, although a large amount of inverse fracture occurred at some finish cooling temperatures.     

X80管线钢热轧过程再结晶规律研究

采用阶梯试样轧制,通过金相观察的方法,研究了热轧过程中变形量和变形温度对X80管线钢再结晶规律及混晶的影响,绘制了再结晶区域图及混晶区域图。结果表明,随着变形温度的提高,奥氏体再结晶的临界变形量降低。变形温度在1150℃,变形量达到40％时,再结晶已达到90％以上。为避免混晶的产生,轧制过程尽量避开部分再结晶区。     

高钢级低温管线钢的韧化机制及控制技术

针对高钢级管线钢在低温服役环境条件下韧性断裂止裂控制难题,分析了高钢级管线钢的低温断裂机理,明确了影响DWTT性能的两个重要因素。通过热模拟实验,讨论了提高DWTT性能的控制技术。采用粗轧再结晶区低温段大变形,增加粗轧阶段总累积变形量,及将精轧温度降低到临近Ar3的温度范围内,并施加足够的累积变形量,可获得一定数量的超细晶多边形铁素体,将板材心部的平均有效晶粒尺寸细化到2.5μm,使-60℃下DWTT断口剪切面积达到100%,为大口径高钢级管线钢的研发生产提供理论依据和技术参考。     

Development of High Deformation X70 Pipeline Steel Plates in NISCO

A series of trial tests for high deformation (HD) X70 pipeline steel plates were performed in NISCO,and the technical routes as thermal mechanical controlled rolling process (TMCP),TMCP + Quenching (Q) and TMCP +Q & tempering (T) were studied systematically through the plate shape quality,properties and microstructure characters.The results show that problems as plate shape and inhomogeneous microstructures are for finish rolling at low temperature and high cooling rate after the rolling by the route of TMCP.By the route of TMCP+Q,the yield strength (YS) of the trial steels is not sufficient.By the route of TMCP+QT,the YS is enhanced,as well as good toughness and plasticity due to the martensite decomposition at low temperature tempering process,and 4 sheets of HD X70 pipeline steel plates by the route TMCP+QT with superior plate shape quality,microstructure and comprehensive properties were successfully developed in NISCO.     

Microstructural Changes after Control Rolling and Interrupted Accelerated Cooling Simulations in Pipeline Steel

The γ‐α transformation and final microstructure in pipeline steel was studied by carrying out a number of physical simulations of industrial hot rolling schedules. Particularly, the effect of the reheating temperature, deformation and cooling parameters on the transformation temperatures and final grain size were considered with a goal to obtain an appropriate thermo‐mechanical processing route which will generate appropriate microstructures for pipeline applications. The CCT diagram of the steel was derived experimentally by means of dilatometric tests. Hot torsion experiments were applied in a multi‐deformation cycle at various temperatures in the austenite region to simulate industrial rolling schedules. By variation of the reheating temperature, equivalent strain, and accelerated cooling, different types of microstructures were obtained. It was found that the deformation increases the transformation temperatures whereas the higher cooling rates after deformation decrease them. Post‐deformation microstructure consists of fine bainitic‐ferrite grains with dispersed carbides and small amount of dispersed martensite/austenite islands which can be controlled by varying the reheating temperature, deformation and post‐deformation cooling. The detailed microstructure characteristics obtained from the present work could be used to optimize the mechanical properties, strength and toughness of pipeline steel grades by an appropriate control of the thermo‐mechanical processing.     

卷曲温度对X70管线钢组织和性能的影响

采用金相显微镜、EBSD等方法,对Nb-V-Cr复合微合金生产的X70管线钢在不同卷取温度下的组织、性能进行了分析。结果表明,在相同冷却工艺条件下,随着卷曲温度的降低,管线钢组织由粒状贝氏体转变为贝氏体铁素体,M-A组元也随着卷曲温度的降低而减少。轧后弛豫条件下,组织转变为多边形铁素体及退化珠光体。卷曲温度470℃时,管线钢屈服强度最大,为680 MPa,而卷曲温度降低至380℃时,管线钢冲击功最大,为287 J。     

控轧控冷工艺对X70管线钢组织的影响

通过NEOPHOT21型金相显微镜及S250MK3扫描电镜下观察经过控轧控冷后的X70管线钢的室温组织，分析不同的轧制变形量和冷却速度对X70管线钢组织的影响。微观结构分析表明，在适当范围内，加大冷却速度提高了管线钢最终组织中针状铁素体的含量，从而使得材料有较高的强度和韧性。     

X65管线钢落锤性能不合分析

针对唐山中厚板公司所生产20.8 mm厚X65管线钢板落锤试样性能不合现象,进行了金相组织及断口扫描电镜分析,发现不合试样的显微组织中针状铁素体含量较低,主要由于终冷温度高和冷却速率低造成,在后续的生产中优化了工艺,使产品落锤性能合格率得到明显提升。     

Correlation of microstructure and fracture properties of API X70 pipeline steels

Effects of microstructure on fracture toughness and transition temperature of high-toughness X70 pipeline steels were investigated in this study. Three types of steels were fabricated by varying alloying elements such as C, Cu, and Mo, and their microstructures were varied by rolling conditions such as finish rolling temperature and finish cooling temperature. Charpy V-notch (CVN) impact tests and pressed notch drop-weight tear tests (DWTT) were conducted on the rolled steel specimens. The Charpy impact test results indicated that the specimens rolled in the single-phase region of the steel containing a reduced amount of C and Mo had the highest upper shelf energy (USE) and the lowest energy transition temperature (ETT) because of the appropriate formation of acicular, quasipolygonal, or polygonal ferrite and the decreased fraction of martensite-austenite constituents. Most of the specimens rolled in the single-phase region also showed excellent DWTT properties as the percent shear area (pct SA) well exceeded 85 pct, irrespective of finish cooling temperatures, while their USE was higher than that of the specimens rolled in the two-phase region. Thus, overall fracture properties of the specimens rolled in the single-phase region were better than those of the specimens rolled in the two-phase region, considering both USE and pct SA.     

炉卷轧机生产X70管线钢的工艺研究

针对南钢3 500 mm炉卷轧机生产线的装备特点,研究管线钢X70的生产工艺,控制关键工序点。研究出轧件温度与轧制工序的变化曲线,轧制压下率、轧制力与轧制道次的变化曲线,生产出组织均匀、性能稳定的高质量X70针状铁素体管线用钢板。     

厚规格X70管线钢板探伤不合原因分析及改进措施

针对济钢生产厚规格X70管线钢板探伤不合的原因,利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜以及能谱仪等检测手段进行显微组织和夹杂物分析.结果表明,中心偏析、组织夹杂物以及同时存在的Nb大型化合物是造成探伤不合的主要原因,采取改善钢水纯净度、延长板坯加热时间和调整连铸、轧制工艺等措施可以提高X70管线钢板的探伤合格率.     

厚壁X80热轧管线钢生产实践及热加工组织演变分析

摘要：通过Thermomastor-Z热模拟试验机双道次压缩实验,研究了X80管线钢在880～1050℃温度区间的静态再结晶行为,结果表明,实验钢在920℃及以下未发生再结晶,在960℃及以上温度,随道次间隔时间延长,静态再结晶率增加。采用不同卷取温度进行了214mm厚度X80板卷工业试制,精轧开轧温度设为920℃,卷取温度510℃的试制钢组织为准多边形铁素体+粒状贝氏体+MA,卷取温度410℃的试制钢组织为粒状贝氏体+贝氏体铁素体+弥散分布的MA的细小组织,后者的MA尺寸和贝氏体板条尺寸明显小于前者,表现出更优异的低温冲击韧性和DWTT性能。通过TEM发现试制钢中的MA是以马氏体为主的组织,并含有较多纳米级尺寸、以Nb元素为主的Nb/Ti碳氮化物复合析出相,但V的析出量则很有限,此外,高卷取温度试制钢的析出相含量也更高。     

X70管线钢微观组织结构对落锤性能的影响

结合12～33mm厚X70管线钢落锤试验结果,利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜研究和分析不同厚度落锤试样的组织演变规律及组织对落锤性能的影响。结果表明：随着钢板厚度的增加,钢的组织由彼此交织在一起的针状铁素体、多边形铁素体/准多边形铁素体演变成粒状贝氏体＋少量针状铁素体/多边形铁素体,碳化物的析出数量和析出尺寸随之增加。具有交织在一起的非等轴状AF＋PF/QF混合组织的试样落锤性能优于以晶粒粗大粒状贝氏体为基体组织的试样的落锤性能。通过控制M/A岛形态和分布可以提高钢的落锤性能。