连铸参数和末端电磁搅拌对82B钢小方坯中心碳偏析的影响

试验研究了结晶器电磁搅拌240 A/4 Hz时末端电磁搅拌(160 A/4 Hz～280 A/8 Hz),中间包钢水温度(1 500～1 542℃),拉速(1.7～1.9 m/min)和二冷区比水量(0.7～1.1 L/kg)对82B钢(/%:0.81C、0.76Mn、0.25Si、0.2Cr)150 mm×150 mm方坯中心碳偏析的影响。结果表明,在未采用末端电磁搅拌时,降低过热度和拉速、提高比水量有利于减少小方坯中心碳偏析。采用最佳的末端电磁搅拌参数160 A/6 Hz时,82B钢小方坯中心碳偏析指数最低,为1.02。     

Effects of continuous casting process parameters on carbon segregation degree of 38CrMoAl steel big round billet

The effects of continuous casting process parameters (superheat degree, casting speed and F- EMS) on the carbon segregation of round billet with diameter 600mm of 38CrMoAl steel were investigated by industrial experiments and numerical simulations. The results show that the equiaxed crystal rate and solidification structure both affect the carbon segregation. When the superheat is low, shrinkage tends to occur, and the shrinkage is often accompanied by severe segregation. When the superheat is high, the equiaxed grain ratio is lower, carbon segregation is also severer, so the superheat degree is controlled at 30??. With the increasing of casting speed?? it can obviously spur the growth of columnar crystals and formation of central pipe; both columnar crystals and central pipe are the major cause of segregation, so the suitable casting speed is 0. 19m/min. Final electromagnetic stirring has the effect of uniform liquid steel composition and temperature, which increases the density of solidification structure, and reduces the central shrinkage hole, thereby reducing carbon segregation, but the electromagnetic stirring effect is greatly affected by the installation position. Based on comprehensive consideration of the production and quality in practical production, the suitable process parameters are established: the optimal superheat is 30??, casting speed is 0. 28m/min, the combination of electromagnetic stirring is M- EMS+S- EMS+F- EMS, and the corresponding electromagnetic stirring parameters are M- EMS of 101A/2Hz??S- EMS of 200A/8Hz??F- ME of 900A/8Hz. Under the above process conditions, it will be more reasonable for the F- EMS installation position to move 0. 4-0. 5m toward the meniscus.     

SWRH82B钢盘条笔尖状断口的分析和工艺改进

通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜-能谱仪等分析了Φ12.5 mm SWRH82B钢(/%:0.80C、0.74Mn、0.22Si、0.013P、0.008S)盘条笔尖状断口形成的原因和断裂机理,得出中心碳偏析和网状渗碳体是产生笔尖状断口的主要原因。通过控制120 t转炉终点[C]≥0.20%,LF精炼过程控制[C]0.79%～0.81%,150 mm×150 mm方坯连铸时控制钢水过热度≤25℃,拉坯速度1.5m/min,弱二冷比水量0.30～0.45 L/kg,结晶器末端电磁搅拌3.5 Hz,300 A,控制终轧温度900～930℃,吐丝温度～750℃,冷却速度～5℃/min,使铸坯平均碳偏析指数由原来1.15降至1.08,等轴晶由20%提高至35%,索氏体率由85%提高至90%,网状降到2级以下,笔尖状断口率由原来的20%降至3%。     

80号钢连铸坯末端电磁搅拌优化与实践

对80号钢小方坯内部质量差的问题进行分析,发现末端电磁搅拌(FEMS)磁感应强度低,难以满足末搅冶金的效果。为弥补FEMS强度的不足,拉速由2.6提高到2.7 m/min,二冷比水量降为原工艺的90%。凝固传热模型计算表明,FEMS位置的液芯厚度由原工艺的47.6提高到52.8 mm。试验结果表明,铸坯酸洗表面未出现缺陷,低倍质量明显改善,碳偏析指数范围由原工艺的0.96~1.09优化至0.97~1.02,达到改善铸坯内部质量的目的。     

不锈钢软接触电磁连铸的工业试验

 通过分析碳钢和不锈钢材质的电阻率差异性,以及304不锈钢软接触电磁连铸的中试试验结果,证实了不锈钢软接触电磁连铸的可行性。进而,在商业级规模铸机上分别开发了不锈钢圆坯和方坯软接触电磁连铸系统,进行了不同钢种、不同保护渣条件下的相关工业生产试验。结果表明,不锈钢圆坯和方坯软接触电磁连铸在不超过150 kW的电源输出功率条件下,均能获得较佳的振痕去除效果,改善铸坯表面质量。对获得的铸坯进行免修磨轧制成[?]8 mm线材,并经过固溶热处理以及酸洗等工序,使线材成品的综合成材率提高3%以上。多次生产试验采用不间断连浇方式,期间,软接触电磁连铸设备系统生产稳定可靠,未发现液面异常波动以及铸坯低倍组织卷渣等缺陷,使软接触电磁连铸技术向商业化生产运营迈出了关键一步。最后,讨论了软接触电磁连铸技术拓展至不锈钢板坯断面的可行性。     

高碳绞线钢SWRH82B“笔尖”断裂分析与工艺改善

通过对高碳钢绞线SWRH82B拉丝材笔尖断裂的分析,得出笔尖状断口的中心网状碳化物级别≥4,存在较严重的碳偏析,组织转变上的差异导致拉拔变形不均匀产生断裂缺陷。通过对180 mm×180 mm断面高碳钢SWRH82B方坯中心碳偏析产生机理的研究,将钢水过热度从15～40℃调整为20～30℃、拉速由1.5 m/min降至1.4 m/min、末端电磁搅拌由电流350A增加至400A,钢坯的碳偏析指数由1.18降至1.06,明显降低了SWRH82B钢的拉丝材笔尖状断口发生率。     

82B中心网状渗碳体产生原因及改善方法

研究了网状渗碳体级别与盘条及连铸坯中心碳偏析之间的定量关系,同时分析了影响铸坯中心偏析的关键连铸参数。结果表明:盘条中偏析比超过1.20就会有网状渗碳体形成;连铸坯中碳偏析指数大于1.16,盘条中就会出现超标的网状渗碳体。降低过热度,降低拉速,增大二冷水比水量,可以有效地降低铸坯中心偏析。通过工艺调整,铸坯中心平均碳偏析指数由1.13降低为1.08,网状渗碳体判次比例由2.0%降低为0.8%。     

优化连铸工艺改善SWRH82A钢150 mm x 150 mm 铸坯中心碳偏析实践

 为了减轻SWRH82A钢150 mm x 150 mm铸坯中心碳偏析,进行了拉速(1. 9 ~2. 3 m/min)、二冷比水 量(0. 75 ~ 1.24 L/kg)、过热度(25 ~38 °C )、结晶器电磁搅拌强度(300 - 350 A)和末端电磁搅拌强度(300 - 470 A) 连铸工艺参数试验。结果证明,合理控制拉速1.9-2.0 m/min,钢水过热度25°C 左右、比水量为1. 01 I7kg、结晶 器电磁搅拌强度为350 A/3 Hz、末端电磁搅拌强度为400 A/7 Hz时,铸坯中心碳偏析指数可以得到大幅改善,由原 来的1.21降为1.05。     

末端电磁搅拌对弹簧钢连铸坯内部质量的影响

 55SiCrA弹簧钢连铸坯容易出现内部质量问题,合理的末端电磁搅拌(F-EMS)能有效地改善连铸坯内部质量,但不合理的末端电磁搅拌会对连铸坯内部质量无改善作用甚至造成内部质量下降。为了提高连铸坯内部质量,得出最优末端电磁搅拌方案,研究了末端电磁搅拌参数对断面尺寸为150 mm×150 mm的55SiCrA弹簧钢连铸坯内部质量的影响。通过建立连铸过程凝固传热模型分析现行工艺下铸坯的凝固情况,确定末端电磁搅拌的位置为距弯月面8.45～8.73 m处。在测定末端电磁搅拌下连铸坯中心磁感应强度的基础上,对电流与频率进行匹配研究,并开展相应的工业试验。结果表明,在采用末端电磁搅拌参数为300 A/8 Hz时,55SiCrA弹簧钢的中心碳偏析平均值达到1.007,连铸坯中心缩孔改善,中心等轴晶率提高,连铸坯综合质量最好。     

60Si2MnA弹簧钢盘条脱碳层控制工艺的优化

60Si2MnA弹簧钢ø9ø12 mm盘条的生产流程为100 t BOF-LF-VD-150 mm×150 mm坯连铸-高速线材轧制工艺。讨论了脱碳机理和分析了脱碳的影响因素。通过适当降低二加热段温度,提高均热段温度,铸坯总加热时间由2.7 h降至1.5 h,控制加热炉内氧含量3%5%,开轧和吐丝温度分别从（1000±20）℃和（850±15）℃降至（950±20）℃和（820±20）℃,减少727℃以上温度的风冷时间等工艺措施,使60Si2MnA弹簧钢盘条的全脱碳层由0.072 mm降至0,总脱碳层由0.142 mm降至0.063 mm,弹簧的疲劳寿命由17.7万次提高到23.2万次。     

Research on segregation control for round billet of anti-sulfur steel

The carbon segregation that occurs in a round billet leads to instability in the anti-sulfur steel pipe.The maximum difference in the C content of these billets can reach 0.08%,and the equiaxed grain ratio is about 37.0%.In this paper,reasonable casting and mixing parameters were obtained by a study of the casting process,mold electromagnetic stirring,and the final electromagnetic stirring process.First,a mathematical model was established for the solidification and heat transfer of round-billet continuous casting using the characteristics of the continuous-casting process for sulfur-resistant steel pipes.The relationship between the casting speed,cooling-water ratio,and thickness of the shell at the final stirring position was analyzed.Then,the electromagnetic force and the liquid steel flow velocity were simulated and used to obtain reasonable parameters for the mold and final electromagnetic stirring.Through optimization of the casting and electromagnetic stirring technologies,the equiaxed grain ratio of the continuous-casting round billet increased to 53.4%and the maximum difference in the C content of the billet reduced to 0.031%.     

控制高碳钢中心碳偏析的工艺实践

针对方坯连铸过程中产生的连铸坯中心偏析问题,日钢第一炼钢厂采取了一系列控制措施,如减少钢液成分波动、降低中间包内钢液过热度、制定合适的拉速和温度匹配制度并保持恒拉速、优化结晶器电磁搅拌参数、控制合适的二冷强度、使用凝固末端电磁搅拌等,使高碳钢铸坯中心偏析明显改善,w[C]≥0.60%的高碳钢中心碳偏析(≤1.5级)合格率100%。     

冷却强度对超高硫中碳钢方坯凝固过程MnS生长的影响

 中碳超高硫易切削钢SAE144是兼具力学性能与切削性能的结构钢,用于制造汽车发动机密封阀件等,产品多采用转炉/电炉→LF精炼→连铸小方坯→线棒材热轧→冷拉及机加工成型流程生产,近年来市场热度稳步提升。若钢中MnS尺寸过大,零件加工使用过程易发生探伤不合、切削性能差、带状组织严重、力学性能各相异性显著,甚至拉拔加工断裂等问题。MnS夹杂物多在铸坯凝固后期形成,随着轧制与钢基体同步变形,控制该类钢种铸坯内MnS原始尺寸成为控制热轧材中MnS夹杂物形态及尺寸的最关键环节。为控制热轧超高硫中碳钢盘条中MnS夹杂物,利用钢坯凝固数值模拟、第二相析出理论、Ostwald熟化理论计算分析了160 mm2钢坯中硫元素偏析及MnS的生成、长大和熟化过程。计算结果表明,当固相分数f_s为0.446、硫微观偏析比达到2.19时,铸坯在凝固末期生成MnS。凝固过程中MnS的生长过程决定了钢坯中MnS颗粒的直径。理论计算表明,当连铸二次冷却水量固定为0.6L/kg时,拉速为1.6、2.1和2.6 m/min时,160 mm2方坯中心的MnS分别增长到30.6、32.2和34.6 μm,与实际测试结果一致。控制该类钢种线材中MnS尺寸的关键是提高二冷区的冷却强度,降低连铸拉速。基于该系列计算方法,提出了160 mm2钢坯中与MnS直径控制目标相匹配的连铸工艺参数控制范围。     

SWRCH35K钢盘条冷镦开裂分析与工艺改进

釆用光学显微镜对SWRCH35K钢冷徵开裂样品和Φ12 mm热轧盘条进行高倍检验。分析表明,冷镦开裂原因为热轧盘条表面存在完全脱碳层,导致强度下降,致使表层基体受冷锹成型过程中应力作用产生开裂。 通过将钢坯加热温度从原1000 ~1 150 °C降至950 - 1 050°C 空燃比控制在0.4-0. 6,总加热时间由原95 ~ 212 min降至95 - 158 min,有效消除了 SWRCH35K钢热轧盘条的完全脱碳层,避免了螺栓、螺母的冷镦开裂。     

铜包钢6A冷拔断丝原因分析和工艺改进

铜包钢6A(/%:0.03～0.06C,0.02～0.05Si,0.15～0.25Mn,≤0.015P,≤0.015S,0.02～0.05Al)冶金生产流程为铁水脱硫-120 t BOF-LF-140 mm×140 mm方坯连铸-连轧至Φ6.5 mm盘条-退火。运用扫描电镜分析了Φ6.5 mm铜包钢6A盘条冷拔至Φ 0.45mm的断丝。结果表明,Φ0.45 mm钢丝断口附近的中心线位置存在粗大球化渗碳体团,在拉拔过程中,珠光体较铁素体硬度高,珠光体端部萌生细小的孔隙,随着拉拔道次的增加,逐渐扩大成了横向Y形裂纹并最终导致断丝。通过将钢中碳和锰含量分别从0.05%和0. 23%降至0.03%和0.17%,中间包钢水过热度从35℃降至25℃,电磁搅拌由250 A,1.2 Hz优化成400 A,1.2 Hz,改善了盘条中心位置的珠光体团聚现象,冷拔断丝率从吨钢1. 0次降低至0. 2次。     

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study of F-EMS for Continuously Cast Billet of High Carbon Steel

A final electromagnetic stirring model was developed for billet continuous casting of high carbon steel using the commercial software ANSYS and CFX, and the numerical model was validated by the magnetic flux density measured under a Teslameter CT-3. The magnetic flux density and fluid flow in the liquid pool at the location of final electromagnetic stirring (F-EMS) were calculated by the present numerical model. Meanwhile, the plant trials were carried out to determine the optimum current intensity and frequency of F-EMS for the continuously cast billet of high carbon steel. The numerical results show that, through increasing the current intensity by 100 A, the corresponding increases of magnetic induction intensity, tangential electromagnetic force and flow velocity at the solid/liquid interface in the strand are 0.025 T, 1933 N/m³ and 6.9 cm/s, respectively. Moreover, the industrial trial results showed that for the continuously cast billet of 60 steel, the optimum current intensity and frequency of F-EMS, which is 8.2 m from the meniscus, are respectively 380 A and 6 Hz. With the optimum F-EMS parameters, the significant improvement of center segregation of billet is achieved, and the center carbon segregation index in billet reaches 1.04.     

70钢小方坯芯部质量优化

建立小方坯连铸凝固传热模型,通过测温和射钉试验校核模型,模型计算结果与测温和射钉试验结果间的相对误差分别为0.1％和0.64％,说明模型能够有效反映小方坯连铸的凝固传热情况.提高拉速后,铸坯的中心偏析和疏松加重.为优化高拉速下连铸坯的中心质量,依据模型计算结果及前人安装经验,将末端电磁搅拌安装装置由原来距离结晶器弯月面...     

X1215易切削钢结晶器保护渣的开发和应用

根据炼钢厂现有结晶器保护渣FRK-2和FRK-49性能分析的结果,以FRK-2保护渣(/%:32.68SiO₂、24.42CaO、3.30MgO、9.52Al₂O₃、5.40Na₂O、3.10Fe₂O₃、3.59F^-、12.60C)为基础开发了较高碱度,保温效果好,较低粘度,有一定还原性以降低弯月面处S和O含量,并避免卷渣的X1215易切削钢(/%:0.06～0.09C、≤0.10Si、1.20～1.50Mn、0.08～0.10P、0.30～0.50S)150 mm×150 mm铸坯连铸结晶器保护渣。生产结果表明,保护渣性能达到X1215低碳高硫易切削钢的生产要求;连铸坯合金元素偏析度均为0.90～1.10,S和Mn偏析度分别为0.95～1.05和0.98～1.03,连铸坯内部质量良好。     

硬线钢拉拔断裂机理及连铸工艺优化

 硬线钢除了要求良好的力学性能,还要求良好的加工性能,但硬线钢盘条在拉拔过程中常发生断丝,给加工的连续性带来巨大危害。为了减少硬线钢的拉拔断丝,对其拉拔断裂机理进行了研究,并开展了相应的连铸工艺优化。首先对82B硬线钢拉拔断丝试样进行了分析,通过对断裂试样的断口和纵剖面分析,结合对应的连铸坯内部质量检测,得出连铸坯中心缺陷及偏析对硬线钢拉拔断裂的影响机制为促进了盘条中心渗碳体膜的生成,导致了裂纹的产生和扩展。然后通过施加电流为350 A、频率为6.0 Hz的连铸凝固末端电磁搅拌,降低浇铸时钢水过热度至30 ℃以下等措施,82B硬线钢连铸坯中心缩孔和中心偏析度分别降低至0.5级和1.08以下,82B硬线钢拉拔断丝率由优化前的10~15 次/百t显著下降到4~5 次/百t。     

连铸复合电磁搅拌对低碳钢碳偏析的影响

20CrMnTi钢(%:0.17～0.23C、0.80～1.10Mn、1.00～1.30Cr、0.04～0.10Ti)300 mm×340 mm铸坯结晶器-末端电磁搅拌(M-EMS,F-EMS)和3段复合电磁搅拌(M-EMS,S-EMS,F-EMS)对铸坯碳偏析影响的试验结果表明,当M-EMS和F-EMS电流分别从2 HZ/250 A和20 HZ/150 A降至2 HZ/100 A和20 HZ/100 A时,铸坯断面碳成分的极差由0.05%降至0.02%;当采用M-EMS为2 HZ/100 A,S-EMS为20 HZ/50 A,F-EMS为20 HZ/100A三段复合电磁搅拌时,铸坯断面碳成分的极差为0.02%,轧材中心疏松由原2段电磁搅拌的1.0～2.0级降至1.0～1.5级,方框形偏析2.0级出现率由9.7%降至0.8%。