回火工艺对COST-FB2转子钢组织与性能的影响

利用OM、SEM和TEM等手段研究了回火工艺对COST-FB2转子钢的显微组织与力学性能的影响,结果表明:570℃一次回火后,马氏体板条内有杆状Fe3 C和细小颗粒状的MX,板条界有少量颗粒状碳化物析出;700℃二次回火后,板条内杆状Fe3 C和板条界上颗粒状碳化物消失或转变成M23 C6型碳化物.经570℃一次回火,...     

25Cr2Mo1VA钢奥氏体晶粒长大规律探讨

 为了研究不同加热温度和保温时间下25Cr2Mo1VA钢奥氏体晶粒长大规律,利用金相显微镜、TEM、EDS以及截距法分析了不同状态下奥氏体晶粒大小、形貌,析出相类型及其大小分布等。结果表明,当加热温度在900 ℃以下,试验钢的奥氏体晶粒长大缓慢且细小;随着温度加热至950 ℃,奥氏体晶粒出现了“混晶”现象,再加热超过1 000 ℃后,奥氏体晶粒异常长大。随保温时间的延长,奥氏体晶粒也会长大,但保温时间对奥氏体晶粒尺寸的影响没有加热温度显著。试验钢中出现近似球形状的析出相,即为富钒的非计量化合物M₈C₇析出相。根据Anelli改进模型和回归分析,建立了试验钢奥氏体晶粒长大的热力学模型,并结合析出相粒子对奥氏体晶粒钉扎作用,探讨了25Cr2Mo1VA钢的奥氏体晶粒长大规律及成因。     

低合金铜时效强化钢奥氏体化过程的动力学模型

通过高温金相试验,研究了一种船用低合金铜时效强化钢在不同加热温度和保温时间下的奥氏体晶粒长大行为和尺寸分布规律。结果表明:随着加热温度的升高,奥氏体晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,并且在不同的温度区间,奥氏体晶粒具有不同的长大速度。随着保温时间的延长,奥氏体晶粒也逐渐长大,但加热温度越高,奥氏体晶粒长大速度越快。各加热温度及保温时间下奥氏体晶粒尺寸呈对数正态分布,且随着加热温度升高或保温时间延长,对数正态分布曲线峰值横坐标右移,峰值频率下降。通过对试验数据进行回归分析,建立了适用于本钢种的奥氏体晶粒长大的动力学模型,模型计算值与试验值吻合较好,平均相对误差小于5%,所建立的模型具有较高的精准性和可靠性。     

加热工艺对Nb-Ti微合金钢奥氏体晶粒长大的影响

 为了解加热制度对Nb Ti微合金钢的奥氏体晶粒长大和析出行为的影响,采用OM、TEM和EDS分析技术,研究了Nb Ti微合金钢在不同加热温度和保温时间的奥氏体晶粒长大行为,以及微合金元素碳氮化物析出行为。结果表明,随加热温度升高,奥氏体晶粒尺寸逐渐长大,当加热温度超过1 200 ℃时奥氏体晶粒尺寸快速长大。随保温时间延长,奥氏体晶粒尺寸逐渐长大,当保温时间超过2.0 h时奥氏体晶粒尺寸快速长大。EDS分析显示Nb Ti钢中的析出物为(Nb,Ti)(C,N)复合相,随着加热温度升高和保温时间延长,析出相体积分数减少,尺寸增大,从而减弱对奥氏体晶粒的细化作用;Nb Ti微合金试验钢合适的加热温度范围为1 150～1 200 ℃,保温时间低于2.0 h。     

均热温度对抗震钢筋奥氏体化及铌固溶的影响

摘要：通过热处理试验结合物理化学相分析实验,对含铌与不含铌的2种试验钢在不同均热温度下的奥氏体晶粒长大情况及含铌钢中铌的固溶规律进行研究。结果表明,均热温度低于1200℃时,含铌钢奥氏体晶粒尺寸均小于无铌钢奥氏体晶粒尺寸;随着均热温度的升高,含铌钢奥氏体中固溶的Nb逐渐增多;均热温度升至1200℃时,含铌钢奥氏体晶粒较无铌钢无明显细化。通过相分析试验研究实际Nb的固溶量与均热温度的关系,发现实际测量得到Nb未溶量随均热温度的升高而减小,对比Nb在奥氏体中的实际固溶与理论固溶的关系,寻找适合的含铌试验钢的理论模型。     

Nb微合金化高碳钢奥氏体晶粒长大原位观察

摘要：以往研究表明Nb析出相钉扎和固溶Nb溶质拖曳作用共同阻碍奥氏体晶粒长大。采用高温共聚焦显微镜研究了Nb对一种高碳含Nb钢奥氏体晶粒长大的影响,对含Nb钢加热过程组织演变进行原位观察。结果表明,Nb在没有钉扎作用下（即高温条件下）仍能起到阻碍奥氏体晶粒长大的作用,该阻碍效果主要是固溶Nb的溶质拖曳作用引起的。采用2种模型对奥氏体晶粒长大行为进行拟合,给出了不同加热温度下Nb微合金化高碳钢的Beck长大方程,同时考虑到加热温度和保温时间的共同影响,根据原位观察结果得到实验钢的奥氏体晶粒长大动力学模型,该模型能够较准确地预测Nb微合金化高碳钢奥氏体晶粒长大行为。     

In-situ observation on austenite grain growth of a Nb microalloyed high-carbon steel

It was reported in previous studies that the growth of austenite was inhibited by the pinning effect of Nb containing precipitates and the solute dragging effect of solute Nb. The effect of Nb on austenite grain growth of high carbon steel was investigated by laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). Microstructure evolution during heating process of the tested steel was observed by in situ observation. The results show that even without the pinning effect of Nb containing precipitates (at high temperatures), Nb can hinder the growth of austenite grains due to the solute dragging effect of Nb. Two models were used to fit the austenite grain growth process, and the Beck growth models of Nb microalloyed high carbon steels at different heating temperatures were established. The austenite grain growth kinetics model considering the influence of heating temperature and holding time can accurately predict the austenite grain growth process of Nb microalloyed high carbon steels.     

硼元素对FB2钢组织和力学性能的影响

 为了研究硼含量对FB2钢组织和力学性能的影响,先对5组不同硼含量的FB2钢用维乐试剂(1 g苦味酸+5 mL盐酸+100 mL无水乙醇)浸泡腐蚀90 s后进行形貌观察与分析。通过SEM-EDS观察分析基体中M₂₃C₆型碳化物,然后用Image-pro plus软件对析出相的尺寸进行分析。接着采用日本岛津制造所生产的AG-XPLUS 100 kN万能试验机,对5组不同硼含量的FB2钢进行室温拉伸试验和室温冲击试验。最后对5组不同硼含量的FB2钢进行组织和力学性能的分析。结果表明,FB2钢中的硼元素可以抑制M₂₃C₆型碳化物的长大粗化,但是硼元素易于与氮元素形成BN夹杂物。随着硼含量的增加,M₂₃C₆型碳化物的平均尺寸呈现降低的趋势,BN夹杂物的单位数量和平均尺寸呈现增大的趋势。FB2钢的室温拉伸性能随着硼含量的增加先升高后降低,并且在硼质量分数为0.010%时FB2钢的室温拉伸性能达到最强。当硼质量分数由0增加到0.010%时,FB2钢的室温拉伸性能升高,这是由于硼元素的加入抑制了M₂₃C₆型碳化物的粗化,从而提升了FB2的强度;当硼质量分数由0.010%增加到0.030%时,FB2钢的室温拉伸性能降低是由于硼元素与氮元素结合形成了BN夹杂物,引起应力集中,且大尺寸的BN夹杂物诱发了孔洞的形成,降低了FB2钢的性能。FB2钢的冲击功随着硼含量的增加呈现降低的趋势,且当硼质量分数为0.020%和0.030%时,冲击功出现了骤降,这是由BN夹杂物的单位数量、平均尺的上升和大尺寸BN及杂物的析出导致的。     

7%Cr管线钢在含有CO2盐溶液中的腐蚀行为研究

摘要：利用失重法,结合显微形貌、能谱分析、X射线衍射、电化学测试等手段,分析了中铬钢在高温高压含有CO2的盐溶液环境中腐蚀的萌生与发展,以及热处理工艺对中Cr钢的耐蚀性能影响规律。结果显示：7%Cr（质量分数）钢在有CO2的盐溶液中的腐蚀以点蚀为开端,随后形成由Cr(OH)3和FeCO3组成的非晶态产物膜,产物膜外层有颗粒状FeCO3附着,随着Cr(OH)3的大量产生产物膜中部分FeCO3溶解,随后CaCO3沉淀填补了颗粒状FeCO3溶解后留下的空隙。热处理后淬火试样耐蚀性最好,正火次之,轧制试样最差。     

奥氏体化温度对奥氏体晶粒度及第二相固溶的影响

利用光学显微镜等研究了 SA5 1 6Gr60N 容器钢在不同奥氏体化温度下奥氏体晶粒尺寸的长大规律以及微合金元素 Nb、Ti、V 的固溶规律.研究结果表明,随着奥氏体化温度的升高,微合金元素 Nb、Ti、V 的固溶量逐渐增加;990~1 050 ℃时,原始奥氏体晶粒尺寸增加缓慢,晶粒细小均匀;1 070 ℃时晶粒出现异常长大现象,随后部分奥氏体晶粒急剧长大,不均匀性越来越明显;1 1 70~1 210 ℃时,奥氏体晶粒尺寸均匀化.     

DP590级双相钢奥氏体晶粒长大模型

通过改变保温温度和保温时间研究了DP590级双相钢奥氏体晶粒长大行为,并探讨了加热速率对各温度下初始晶粒尺寸的影响规律.初始晶粒尺寸随着加热速率增加而不断降低,并最终趋于定值;奥氏体晶粒尺寸随保温时间的延长不断增大并最终趋于不变.采用Sellars晶粒长大模型对实验数据进行拟合,为避免处理方法不同造成的处理结果偏差,提出了一种新的实验数据处理方法,并建立了双相钢初始晶粒尺寸模型和晶粒长大模型.所得模型参数更加合理可靠,计算结果与实验结果吻合很好.     

铁素体晶界结构对管线钢HIC敏感性的影响

铁素体作为酸性环境用管线钢的主要组织类型之一,探究其晶界结构与管线钢氢致开裂(HIC)敏感性之间关系,可为进一步优化管线钢的抗HIC性能提供指导。对热轧态管线钢进行不同工艺热处理,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察了试样的晶界、位错结构及氢鼓泡、氢致裂纹形貌,用电化学充氢及动态充氢方法对试样的HIC敏感性及氢致塑性损失进行了测试,用电化学氢渗透及氢微印实验对试样的氢捕获效率及氢原子分布进行了观察与分析,探索了铁素体晶界结构与HIC敏感性之间内在关联。其结果表明:当材料中以小角度晶界占主导或大小角度晶界比例约为1∶1时,对氢原子的捕获效率较高,HIC敏感性也相对较大;大小角度晶界均能捕获氢原子,但与氢的作用机制不同,大角度晶界主要促进氢致裂纹萌生,而小角度晶界主要促进氢致裂纹扩展。     

第二相粒子强化钢铁材料的研究进展

第二相强化是一种快捷有效的钢材强化方式。由于大多数学者局限于第二相粒子强化钢铁材料机械性能的宏观定性研究,使得这项技术至今未能投入到工业化生产中,因此学者们开始专研于纳米粒子在钢液中的微观受力情况和理论研究并对纳米粒子的分散性进行了定量表征,获得了突破性进展。概述了利用第二相粒子强化钢铁材料的研究进展,分析了第二相粒子对钢材宏观力学性能的影响以及细化钢晶粒的基本理论,结合第二相粒子的处理方式和分散方法,指明了面临的问题并提出了新的实验思路。     

机车车轮用钢奥氏体晶粒的长大行为

采用金相显微镜和截距法,对不同加热温度和保温时间下机车车轮用钢的奥氏体晶粒长大行为进行研究,分析加热温度和保温时间对奥氏体晶粒尺寸的影响,应用简单动力学模型对奥氏体晶粒的长大过程进行分析,同时研究钢中第二相粒子变化对奥氏体晶粒长大的影响.随着加热温度的升高和保温时间的延长,奥氏体晶粒尺寸明显增加,加热温度对晶粒的长大影响更明显.奥氏体晶粒长大的动力学时间指数随着温度升高而增加且其值均接近理论值0.5;奥氏体晶粒长大和钢中第二相粒子AlN体积分数和尺寸的变化呈明显的相关性.     

微合金包晶钢高温奥氏体晶粒生长动力学研究

为有效控制铸坯表层奥氏体晶粒尺寸,降低铸坯表面及角部裂纹发生率,对高温下奥氏体晶粒生长动力学进行了研究.以微合金包晶钢为实验对象,在1573～1 723 K进行等温保温实验,得到实验钢种的奥氏体晶粒长大动力学模型,并分析了其高温下奥氏体晶粒生长动力学规律.结果表明奥氏体晶粒生长存在2个明显不同的温度区间:当保温温度在1...     

酸溶铝和铌含量对取向硅钢夹杂物特征的影响

摘 要：为了掌握Als（酸溶铝）和Nb含量对取向硅钢中夹杂物特征的影响,借助场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)结合能谱仪(EDS)和图像分析软件研究了钢中夹杂物类型、数量、尺寸及尺寸分布,结合钢液凝固过程中溶质元素的微观偏析模型,重点分析了Als和Nb含量影响钢中AlN和NbN析出的机制。结果表明,钢中的夹杂物以NbN、AlN和AlN-NbN为主,夹杂物尺寸分布由Als和Nb含量综合影响。Als含量的增加使含氧复合夹杂物中Al2O3含量增加,SiO2含量降低,促进了钢中硅酸盐类氧化物夹杂的去除,但大大增加了AlN和AlN-NbN夹杂的偏析析出。Nb含量的增加使夹杂物的平均尺寸变小,促进了钢中NbN在凝固前沿的提前析出和以氧化物为核心析出。Als主要影响钢中的氧化物和氮化物夹杂,Nb通过影响与Als结合的O和N的活度影响钢中氧化物和氮化物夹杂的析出特性。     

Effect of acid soluble aluminum and niobium content on inclusion characteristics of grain oriented silicon steel

In order to elucidate the effect of Als (acid soluble aluminum) and Nb content on the characteristics of inclusions in grain oriented silicon steel, the type, quantity, size and size distribution of inclusions were studied by the field emission scanning electron microscope (FE SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy (EDS) and image analysis software. Combined with the micro segregation model of solute elements during solidification, the precipitation mechanism of AlN and NbN inclusions was analyzed specially. The results indicate that the inclusions are mainly NbN, AlN and AlN-NbN, and the size distribution of the inclusions is affected by Als and Nb simultaneously. With the increase of Als content added in the steel, the content of Al2O3 in the oxide composite inclusions increases, while that of SiO2 decreases. The increase of Als content promotes the removal of silicate inclusions in the steels, but the segregation precipitation of AlN and AlN NbN inclusions increases. With the increase of Nb content added in the steel, the average size of inclusions reduces. The increase of Nb content promotes the earlier precipitation of NbN at the solidification front and its precipitation with oxides as the core. Als mainly affects the precipitation characteristics of oxide and nitride inclusions in the steel, and Nb also affects the oxides and nitrides precipitation characteristics via affecting the activity of oxygen and nitrogen combined with Als.     

CSP热轧TRIP钢动态再结晶行为研究

摘要：采用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机,在温度为950~1150℃、应变速率为0.1~10s-1和变形量为65%的条件下研究了CSP热轧TRIP钢的动态再结晶行为,探讨了初始奥氏体晶粒尺寸对TRIP钢动态再结晶行为的影响。研究结果表明,初始奥氏体晶粒尺寸越小,变形温度越高,应变速率越慢时,TRIP钢中奥氏体越易发生动态再结晶。其中,粗晶试样（初始奥氏体晶粒尺寸为767.54μm）在1050~1150℃内变形时,将发生动态再结晶。其热变形激活能为361539.17J/mol,确定了Zener-Holloman参数与应变速率和温度的关系式,建立了动态再结晶临界应变模型、高温奥氏体流动应力模型和动态再结晶晶粒尺寸模型,理论模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

Study on dynamic recrystallization behavior of hot rolled TRIP steel produced by CSP process

The dynamic recrystallization behavior of hot rolled TRIP steel produced by CSP process was studied by means of Gleeble-3500 thermal simulation testing machine in the temperature range of 950-1150℃ with the strain rate of 0.1-10s-1 and the strain of 65%. And the effect of initial austenite grain size on the dynamic recrystallization behavior of TRIP steel was explored. The results show that the finer initial austenite grain size, the higher deformation temperature and the lower strain rate, the more positive austenite dynamic recrystallization of TRIP steel. Moreover, it is found that when the coarse grained samples (initial austenite grain size is 767.54μm) deform in the range of 1050℃ to 1150℃, the austenite dynamic recrystallization will take place, and the dynamic recrystallization activation energy of TRIP steel is deduced as 361539.17J/mol. The Zener-Hollomon parameter equation as a function of strain rate and temperature is determined. And the model of critical strain for dynamic recrystallization, the flow stress model of austenite at high temperature and the grain size model for dynamic recrystallization are also established. The calculation results are coincided well with the experimental results.     

Effect of carbon content and grain size on structure and depth of surface decarburization of high carbon steel

The surface decarburization of hard wire will occur in the process of heating and rolling, which will seriously affect the performance of workpiece. The effects of holding temperature and carbon content on the type and depth of decarburized layer on hard wire 60, 70 and 82B steel were studied by isothermal heating experiment. The effects of crystallite dimensions of original austenite on decarburization depth of spring steel 60Si2MnA were analyzed. The results show that there is only a complete decarburization layer of 60 steel at 700-750℃ after heating at different temperatures for 90min. There is only a partial decarburization layer at 750-850℃. The depth of decarburized layer decreases gradually with the increase of temperature, and there is only a partial decarburization layer at 850-900℃. The depth of complete decarburization layer decreases gradually with the increase of temperature, and the depth of partial decarburization layer increases gradually with the increase of temperature. The partial decarburization layer of 70 steel only exists at 850-900℃. The depth of complete decarburization layer of 82B steel increases gradually with the increase of temperature, then gradually decreases to zero, at least gradually increases. Only a complete decarburization layer exists at 700℃. There is partial decarburization when the hard wires carbon content is in the γ single phase region, and the depth increases with the increase of carbon content. There is complete decarburization when the carbon content is mainly in the α+γ two phase region, and the depth decreases first and then increases with the increase of carbon content. The depth of the complete decarburization layer of the spring steel 60Si2MnA decreases with the increase of crystallite dimensions of original austenite.