包晶钢连铸保护渣固渣膜生长及成分偏析试验

 保护渣渣膜的形态及性能对提高连铸坯质量及稳定连铸生产起着至关重要的作用。采用改进型水冷铜探头冷凝获取不同探头浸入时间下的包晶钢保护渣固渣膜,通过光学显微镜及SEM观察方法检测及评价保护渣渣膜的内部结构特性,并结合SEM-EDX检测了渣膜不同部位各主要成分的偏析情况,分析了渣膜凝固过程中凝固前沿元素的偏聚规律。研究结果表明,本渣系及试验条件下,保护渣渣膜主要晶体为枪晶石与三斜霞石;枪晶石凝固析晶过程中凝固前沿成分变化促进了三斜霞石等高熔点相在渣膜凝固前沿与枪晶石混合析出,使得固渣膜厚度迅速增加。     

磷在脱磷渣中2CaO·SiO2固相颗粒内的扩散速率

中国铁矿磷含量偏高,提高脱磷效率、降低渣料的消耗量对钢铁企业至关重要.1 400℃下,将2CaO·SiO2颗粒插入到含P2 O5为14％(质量分数)的渣中,并保温20、30、60和100 s,研究磷在2CaO· SiO2颗粒中的扩散速率.用SEM-EDS对磷在渣和2CaO·SiO颗粒中的分布进行了测量,并用菲克第二定律计算了磷在2CaO·SiO颗粒中的扩散系数.结果显示:磷在2CaO·SiO中的扩散可视为一维半无限扩散.1 400℃时,磷在2CaO· SiO2颗粒中的扩散系数为6.417×10-12 m2/s,如果脱磷时间为15～20 min,则2CaO· SiO2颗粒不宜大于653 μm.     

渣系碱度对含碳球团渣相组成和渣铁分离的影响

采用煤基直接还原熔分技术和FactSage热力学分析软件以及XRD分析手段,研究了渣系碱度wCaO/wSiO2对高铁铝土矿含碳球团渣相组成和渣铁分离效果的影响。实验结果表明,渣系碱度对含碳球团的渣系组成和渣铁分离效果有重要影响。当碱度为1.0和1.5时,粒铁尺寸最大,渣铁的分离效果最好,粒铁收得率分别为91.55%和91.86%;当碱度为0.5时,粒铁尺寸较小,渣铁分离效果较差,粒铁收得率为65.43%。当碱度为2.0时;粒铁尺寸最小,渣铁分离效果最差,粒铁收得率只有44.53%。XRD分析结果表明,当渣系碱度分别为0.5、1.0、1.5和2.0时,熔分渣的主要组成分别为α-Al2O3-CaAl2Si2O8、α-Al2O3-CaO·6Al2O3-Ca2Al2SiO7、CaO·6Al2O3-Ca2SiO4-Ca2Al2SiO7、Ca2Al2SiO7-Fe2SiO4。FeAl4O7、CaAl4O7以及金属铁在熔分渣中的含量较少。     

CSP结晶器保护渣固态渣膜结构和矿相的分析

通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜及X射线衍射分析,研究了1537 mm×67 mm CSP连铸结晶器保护(%:34.6CaO,28.6SiO₂,8.8C,8.5F,8.6Na₂O)固态渣膜的结构、矿相组成和析晶率,分析结果表明,绝大多数固 态渣膜厚0.6~1.3mm, 呈三层结构：结晶层-玻璃层-结晶层,靠结晶器壁侧为0.10～0.14mm 厚的结晶层;CSP 固态渣膜的析晶率为40%～80%,结晶矿相主要为枪晶石(3CaO ·2SiO₂ ·CaF₂)和矿物Na₂O ·Al₂O₃ ·SiQ₂。通过 调整固态渣膜的厚度及枪晶石等矿物的析晶率,可达到控制渣膜传热,提高连铸坯表面质量的目的     

环保型高磷铁水预脱磷渣的脱磷性能研究

实验室条件下采用间接测量法,测定了CaF2系和B2O3系脱磷渣的磷分配.即首先测量磷在液态渣和固态铁间的分配比,再通过计算得到磷在液态渣和铁水之间分配比,同时根据渣系成分和光学碱度计算了磷容量.同时采用了扫描电镜、能谱分析与X射线衍射分析技术对脱磷渣进行了研究.实验结果表明,B2O3系预脱磷渣的磷容量远大于CaF2系预脱磷渣的磷容量,因此可以用B2O3全部替代CaF2作为助熔剂进行高磷铁水的预脱磷处理,2种渣系的磷分配均随渣中有效CaO含量的升高而升高.用B2O3作为助熔剂时,B2O3能与渣中高熔点物质2CaO·SiO2和3CaO·P2O5反应生成低熔点物质,从而起到助熔的作用.且w(B2O3)/w(CaO)比值为0.16时,磷分配比为最高值,即该渣脱磷能力最强.     

CaO-SiO_2-FeO-P_2O_5渣系脱磷影响因素的研究

为了提高转炉渣中CaO的利用率,降低转炉渣的碱度,通过试验研究了CaO粒度、粒状CaO的加入比例、温度和保温时间对含磷富集相的影响。结果表明,适当增大CaO的粒度有利于2CaO·SiO2-3CaO·P2O5固溶体的形成;当渣中粒状CaO的含量较低时,增加粒状CaO的加入比例,可促进渣中大颗粒固溶体的形成并减少渣中磷的含量,但当粒状CaO的含量较高时,2CaO·SiO2-3CaO·P2O5固溶体生成量减少;适当提高温度有利于脱磷反应的进行;随反应时间的延长,2CaO·SiO2-3CaO·P2O5固溶体的粒径增大,而且固溶体中磷的含量也不断增加。     

Effect of B_2O_3 on Melting Temperature of CaO-Based Ladle Refining Slag

B2O3 is selected as fluxing agent of CaO-based ladle refining slag to decrease the melting temperature as well as to improve the speed of slag forming and the refining efficiency.The effects of B2O3 on the melting temperature of two series of refining slags including the low basicity slags(the mass ratio of CaO/SiO2 is 3-4)and the high basicity slags(the mass ratio of CaO/SiO2 is 5-8.75)were investigated.The slag melting temperature was measured using the hemisphere method.The results indicate that the fluxing action of B2O3 is better than that of CaF2 and Al2O3.For the CaO-based refining slag with low basicity,the melting temperature is decreased effectively when B2O3 is used to substitute for equal mass of CaF2,Al2O3 and SiO2,respectively.For the CaO-based refining slag with high basicity,when CaF2 is substituted by B2O3,the melting temperature can be decreased remarkably.Especially,when the mass ratios of CaO/Al2O3 and CaO/SiO2 are in the range of 1.1-4.0 and 5.25-8.0,respectively,the slag melting temperature is lower than 1300 ℃.Therefore,the B2O3-containing refining slags with high ratios of CaO/Al2O3 and CaO/SiO2 have ultra low melting temperature.     

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In order to effectively protect the hearth lining of the blast furnace by using materials containing titanium, the corrosion behavior of slags containing TiO2 to Al2O3 ceramic cup was experimentally investigated through slag resistance test in static crucible and calculation of slag quantity by mass conservation of CaO. The effect of temperature, reaction time and slag binary basicity on the corrosion behavior was studied, and the corrosion mechanism was discussed. The results show that increasing temperature and prolonging reaction time can lead to an increase of corrosion of Al2O3 ceramic cup by the slags with TiO2, whereas the corrosion shows a decrease trend with the increase of slag binary basicity. The corrosion mechanism can be summarized as that: CaO and SiO2 in slag will react with Al2O3 from ceramic cup to form CA6, C2AS and CAS2; the formed CA6, C2AS and CAS2 will dissolve into slags?? some high-melting-point minerals such as MA and CA2 near the original brick layer of ceramic cup will be formed to make slag more viscous.     

电渣重熔用五元高氟渣高温挥发机制

 为探究高温过程电渣组元挥发机理,以电渣重熔用高氟渣CaF2 CaO SiO2 Al2O3 MgO五元渣系为基础研究炉渣高温挥发机制,通过FactSage理论计算、热重及高温质谱检测,结合1 000～1 500 ℃高温焙烧试验以及XRF检测与SEM物相观察,对炉渣加热过程成分及物相变化进行了研究。结果表明,温度为550～800 ℃时,CaF2与SiO2反应生成SiF4气体;温度为800～1 200 ℃时,CaF2与MgO反应生成MgF2气体,同时与少量Al2O3反应生成AlF3气体;温度为1 200～1 500 ℃时,挥发分主要为CaF2及少量AlF3。在高温区(1 000～1 400 ℃),晶体主要为二铝酸钙和和少量枪晶石;当温度达到1 500 ℃,晶体主要为枪晶石结构,为探究高温过程电渣组元挥发机理以及电渣制备工艺的优化提供参考。     

Structure Evolution of Slag Films of Ultrahigh-Basicity Mold Flux During Solidification

A higher-basicity mold flux (binary basicity 1.74) for peritectic grades showed similar solidification behavior to conventional high-basicity fluxes. Upon solidification of the mold flux onto a water-cooled copper probe, interfacial roughness at the copper-mold flux interface developed, while the film was glassy. Cuspidine was the major crystalline phase (as for conventional fluxes), but with a lathlike shape, containing some aluminum.     

Effect of change of slag phase on dephosphorization of ��double- slag+slag- remaining�� steelmaking technology

The microstructure and phase constituent of dephosphorization slag of ??double- slag+slag- remaining?? steelmaking technology were observed and analyzed by SEM, part of the slag were heat treatment, and the effect of the change of slag phase on dephosphorization was studied. The research results show that the phase of dephosphorization slag A1-A3 with high dephosphorization rate are composed of calcium ferrite, complex liquid silicate phase (Ca3TiFeSi3O12, Ca54MgAl2Si16O9) and 2CaO??SiO2(C2S) solid phase solution with calcium phosphate (2Ca2SiO4??Ca3(PO4)2, Ca7(PO)4(SiO4)2), the main phase of dephosphorization slag A4 with low dephosphorization rate is liquid phase, the main phases of dephosphorization slag A5 are MnFe2O4, MnV2O4, Ca12Al14O33, little phosphorus rich calcium silicate solid phase is found in both dephosphorization slag A4 and A5; the phase of dephosphorization slag A3 changes little before and after heat treatment, but the phase of dephosphorization slag A4 changes greatly after heat treatment, which changing to liquid phase and white branches like RO phase; the dephosphorization slag of ??double- slag+slag- remaining?? steelmaking technology contain many un- dissolved CaO, but little is found in decarburization slag, the formation of C2S solid phase in dephosphorization slag plays an important role to accelerate the dephosphorization reaction.     

CaO-SiO_2-FeO-P_2O_5-Al_2O_3脱磷渣系中组元活度的计算

2CaO·SiO_2-3CaO·P_2O_5含磷固溶体的生成可提高转炉液相渣的脱磷能力,减少渣量.但目前CaO-SiO_2-FeO-P_2O_5-Al_2O_3渣系中各组元活度的变化规律尚不明确,无法为分析含磷固溶体的形成机理提供理论依据.为此,本文依据分子离子共存理论建立了熔渣组元的活度模型,分析了不同条件下组元活度的变化规律.结果表明:随渣中Al_2O_3含量的增加,2CaO·SiO_2、3CaO·P_2O_5、3FeO·P_2O_5的活度逐渐降低;随着碱度的增大,3CaO·P_2O_5的活度升高,2CaO·SiO_2、3FeO·P_2O_5的活度则呈先升高后降低的趋势;随着渣中FeO含量的增加,2CaO·SiO_2、3FeO·P_2O_5及CaO·Al_2O_3的活度逐渐增大,并在w(FeO)为15%时达到最大值,之后逐渐降低;升高温度会导致CaO、3CaO·SiO_2的活度增大,2CaO·SiO_2的活度降低.     

Crystallization Behaviors of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-Na2O-CaF2-(Li2O-B2O3) Mold Fluxes

The effects of basicity (CaO/SiO₂), B₂O₃, and Li₂O addition on the crystallization behaviors of lime-silica-based mold fluxes have been investigated by non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and single hot thermocouple technique. It was found that the crystallization temperature of cuspidine increased with increasing the basicity of mold fluxes. The crystallization of wollastonite was suppressed with increasing the mold flux basicity due to the enhancement of cuspidine crystallization. The addition of B₂O₃ suppresses the crystallization of mold flux. The crystallization temperature of mold flux decreases with Li₂O addition. The size of cuspidine increases, while the number of cuspidine decreases with increasing mold flux basicity. The morphology of cuspidine in mold fluxes with lower basicity is largely dendritic. The dendritic cuspidine in mold fluxes is composed of many fine cuspidine crystals. On the contrary, in mold fluxes with higher basicity, the cuspidine crystals are larger in size with mainly faceted morphology. The crystalline phase evolution was also calculated using a thermodynamic database, and compared with the experimental results determined by DSC and XRD. The results of thermodynamic calculation of crystalline phase formation are in accordance with the results determined by DSC and XRD.     

转炉脱磷炉渣中石灰溶解的动力学

采用旋转圆柱体法研究了石灰在FetO-SiO2-CaO-P2O5-5%MnO-5%MgO(质量分数,余同)渣系的溶解动力学.结果表明:在1 573～1 653K温度范围内,石灰在熔渣中的扩散传质是石灰溶解的限制性环节,石灰溶解活化能为160.32kJ/mol,1623K时石灰在渣中的传质系数为3.03×10-4～8.9...     

亚包晶钢板坯连铸保护渣凝固结晶行为的研究

对≤1.3 m/min常规拉速(TCaO/SiO₂=1.19)和≥1.5 m/min高拉速(TCaO/SiO₂=1.40)0.07～0.10C亚包晶钢板坯用两种保护渣(%:2.54～3.0Al₂O₃、7.34～8.35Na₂O、8.83～8.87F、0.79～3.00Li₂O)降温凝固过程中结晶特性以及结晶对熔渣粘度的影响进行了研究,得出高拉速保护渣在凝固之前有明显的结晶行为,结晶矿相主要为枪晶石(3CaO·2SiO2·CaF₂);常规拉速保护渣在凝固温度以上时,没有明显的结晶现象。与常规拉速保护渣相比,高拉速保护渣完全凝固后晶粒粗大,组织中有大量空隙,有利于增加渣膜热阻,减缓结晶器传热。TCaO/SiO₂=1.40保护渣在结晶温度以上时,具有较低的粘度,有利于结晶器润滑;结晶温度以下时,粘度迅速增加,有利于增加固渣膜厚度,减缓结晶器传热。     

低碳钢薄板坯高速连铸保护渣研究与优化

 针对低碳钢薄板坯高速连铸过程中保护渣液渣层过薄、黏结报警频发、铸坯表面纵裂纹过多等问题,在充分考虑高拉速下低碳钢凝固收缩特性的基础上,确定了保护渣润滑与传热性能的优化方向并开展了工业试验。将保护渣碱度从1.10提高到1.30,Li₂O质量分数从0.57%提高到1.06%,Na₂O质量分数从5.48%提高到8.16%,碳质量分数由7.71%降低到6.72%。对2种保护渣的流变性能和渣膜3层结构进行了深入研究,发现优化后保护渣渣膜中的液渣层比例增加,渣膜润滑系数α增大;同时,渣膜中的结晶层比例也有一定程度的提高,渣膜热阻系数β增大,从而使保护渣的润滑性能和控制传热能力均得到改善。从矿相分析结果看出,保护渣碱度的提高在一定程度上会促进硅灰石的析出,导致渣膜结晶率提高、热阻增大,进而起到控制传热的目的。生产实践表明,在拉速提高后,使用新型保护渣基本避免了黏结和裂纹的产生,生产效率和铸坯质量均得到显著提高。     

高强度包晶钢S690保护渣性能对超宽板铸坯裂纹的影响

设计了超宽板坯高强包晶钢S690的A、B两种保护渣,配方A(/％):28～32SiO2,38～40CaO,4.8～6.0TC,2.3～4.3Al2O3,6.7～9.7F;B(/％):25.2～26.4SiO2,41～43CaO,4.8～6.0TC,2.3～4.3Al2O3,10.5～11.8F.保护渣在生产现场试验后,...     

低碳铝镇静钢转炉炼钢低温脱磷工艺

对转炉脱磷进行热力学与动力学分析,介绍了低碳铝镇静钢转炉低温脱磷生产工艺,对该生产工艺过程参数进行了统计分析,并对过程炉渣进行了SEM、EDS、XRD分析.结果表明:通过降低平均出钢温度至1 617 ℃,碱度控制在2.4～3.0,TFe质量分数控制在12％～15％,转炉后期脱磷效率大大加强,冶炼后期调渣后TSC阶段渣钢...     

LF埋弧泡沫渣实验研究

测定了碱度从２．６到３．４的精炼渣系的炉渣发泡性能,得到了具有较好发泡性能的精炼渣系,并通过离差分析方法,得出了炉渣组成对炉渣泡沫化程度的影响顺序为：ＣａＦ２→ＭｇＯ→Ａｌ２Ｏ３→Ｂ（ＣａＯ／ＳｉＯ２）。     

固体CaO在3CaO·P2O5-2CaO·SiO2饱和熔渣中的溶解及反应机理

摘要：为了深入了解非均相脱磷剂中固体CaO在3CaO·P2O5-2CaO·SiO2（C2S-C3P）饱和熔渣中的溶解及反应机理，采用静态浸入法和旋转圆柱法研究固体CaO在C2S-C3P饱和CaO-SiO2-FetO-P2O5（10%）渣中的溶解行为，运用FESEM/BSED EDS对固体CaO和熔渣界面进行了观察，分析了固体CaO与C2S-C3P饱和熔渣间的反应机理。结果表明，加强对熔池的搅拌，能够加快固体CaO在熔渣中的侵蚀速度和溶解速度；发现了固体CaO在饱和熔渣中的溶解数量受熔渣中FeO通过边界层向固体内部渗透深度的影响，FeO渗透深度越深，溶解越多；固体CaO先与熔渣中的硅和磷反应生成磷含量低的C2S-C3P固溶体，待一段时间后，最终生成磷含量高的Ca5(PO4)2SiO4。