深冷处理对NM500耐磨钢性能与磨损行为的影响

以一种自行设计的NM500级别耐磨钢为研究对象,利用冲击磨损试验,分析了深冷处理对其组织性能和磨损行为的影响。结果表明,NM500耐磨钢经深冷处理后,抗拉强度、硬度和冲击韧性均有提高,在淬火+深冷+回火处理后,最佳的综合力学性能可达抗拉强度1 910 MPa、硬度523HB、冲击韧性24.3 J/cm2,此时试验钢组织主要为马氏体,有Nb和Ti的碳化物析出。深冷处理通过残余奥氏体向马氏体转变,减少了不稳定相的含量,提升了试验钢的力学性能,从而使淬火+深冷+回火处理后的试验钢具有更高的耐磨性,此时的磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主,磨损形貌主要为犁沟、犁皱。而未经深冷处理的淬火+回火处理试验钢磨损机制以黏着磨损为主,磨损形貌主要为剥落坑和切削。     

深冷处理对H13钢组织结构和热稳定性的影响

 为了研究深冷处理对H13热作模具钢热稳定性的影响及组织演化规律,利用洛氏硬度计、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜及透射电子显微镜等对经不同热处理工艺处理后H13热作模具钢的热稳定性及显微组织进行了表征。结果表明,深冷处理促使部分残余奥氏体转变为马氏体,导致深冷处理后试验钢的硬度高于淬火态试验钢的硬度。经深冷处理后试验钢在540 ℃回火20 h过程中其硬度均比常规热处理的试验钢硬度高,深冷处理的试验钢具有更好的热稳定性。与常规热处理的试验钢相比,深冷处理促使钢中碳原子偏聚并在回火过程中以碳化物的形式析出,导致深冷处理的试验钢回火后马氏体基体中碳的质量分数降低。透射电镜结果显示,试验钢在回火过程中析出的大量弥散分布的纳米级M₂₃C₆型碳化物,经长时间回火后碳化物粗化致使试验钢硬度随着回火时间的增加而下降。     

热轧中锰马氏体耐磨钢的冲击磨损行为

 利用MLD-10型动载磨料磨损试验机,系统研究了热轧中锰马氏体耐磨钢在1、2.5和5 J冲击能量作用下的冲击磨料磨损行为,并与Hardox450钢进行了比较。借助光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和布氏硬度计等设备分析了试验钢的组织、力学性能及磨损表层、亚表层,并探讨了其磨损机制。研究结果表明,试验钢的显微组织为板条马氏体,与Hardox450钢相比,其布氏硬度更高,-40 ℃下的冲击吸收能量更低,分别为503HB和15.3 J。相同工况条件下,试验钢的磨损失重明显小于Hardox450钢,且基于有效磨损时间修正后的磨损率均随着冲击能量的升高,呈现出先增大后减小的趋势。当冲击能量为2.5 J时,磨损率最大,磨损失重量最多。原因在于,冲击能量较低时,试验钢的磨损主要以犁沟为主,并伴随着少量的磨粒嵌入,磨损失重较少;当冲击能量为2.5 J时,磨损表面的切削加剧,且塑性变形造成大量磨粒嵌入基体,导致应力集中,并在反复冲击过程中产生疲劳裂纹,随后扩展至试验钢表面,形成疲劳剥落,磨损亚表层出现明显剥落坑,失重显著增加;当冲击能量为5 J时,磨损表面塑性变形增加,加工硬化显著,疲劳磨损占据主导,磨损表面硬度较高,犁沟和磨粒嵌入较少,磨损亚表层更为平整均匀,失重反而减少,磨损率下降。     

Microstructure and Abrasive Wear Behavior of Medium Carbon Low Alloy Martensitic Abrasion Resistant Steel

The effect of processing parameters such as hot rolling and heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated for a new 0.27mass% C and Ni,Mo-free low alloy martensitic abrasion resistant steel.The three-body impact abrasive wear behavior was also analyzed.The results showed that two-step controlled rolling besides quenching at 880℃and tempering at 170℃could result in optimal mechanical property:the Brinell hardness,tensile strength,elongation and-40 ℃impact toughness were 531,1 530 MPa,11.8% and 58J,respectively.The microstructure was of fine lath martensite with little retained austenite.Three-body impact abrasive wear results showed that wear mechanism was mainly of plastic deformation fatigue when the impact energy was 2J, and the relative wear resistance was 1.04times higher than that of the same grade compared steel under the same working condition.The optimal hardness and toughness match was the main reason of higher wear resistance.     

Effects of austenizing time on wear behavior of D6 tool steel after deep cryogenic treatment

 The effects of the prior austenite grain size in deep cryogenic treatment on the hardness, the structural change and the wear resistance of D6 tool steel were investigated. The wear resistance of the cryogenically treated samples was determined using the pin-on-disk wear machine. The microstructural characteristics and phases present in heat-treated samples were determined bye use of SEM and XRD techniques. The results showed that the retained austenite is completely transformed to martensite during the cryogenic treatment. Besides, there is an optimum grain size in which the maximum wear resistance and hardness are obtained.     

热处理对Ni-W-GO复合镀层组织及性能的影响

氧化石墨烯（GO）因其独特的结构和特性引起了广泛研究.论文以GO纳米片为硬质相,采用直流电沉积方法在45#钢基体上制备了Ni-W-GO复合镀层,并对其进行不同温度下的真空热处理,通过SEM、XRD、显微硬度计及摩擦磨损试验机等分析了热处理前后复合镀层的组织结构、物相、力学性能及摩擦磨损性能,分析磨损机理.结果表明:热处理过程使复合镀层晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,并伴随有微裂纹出现和中间相颗粒析出;随着热处理温度的升高,复合镀层的显微硬度及磨损性能呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,且当热处理温度为350 ℃时,维氏硬度最高达840.      

T10钢表面FeMoCoNiCrTix高熵合金熔覆层组织及性能

采用激光熔覆技术在T10A钢表面制备了FeMoCoNiCrTi_x（x分别为0.25,0.50,0.75,1.00）高熵合金熔覆层,分析了试样熔覆层及基体界面处的相结构及组织,并利用显微硬度计测试了试样处理前后的截面硬度变化。研究表明,经过激光熔覆在T10A钢表面得到的高熵合金层主要由NiCrFe、NiCrCoMo 2种固溶体为主,其结构分别为BCC结构和FCC结构,熔覆层的组织以柱状枝晶为主,界面处出现等轴晶;随着Ti含量增多,熔覆层由固溶强化变为固溶体与硬质相混合强化,熔覆层的HV硬度达到了792,热影响区的HV硬度达到了620,均高于基体硬度。同时耐磨损性能有了明显提高,磨损方式由粘着磨损逐渐变为磨粒磨损。      

铁基Cr3C2复合涂层的组织及性能研究

利用空气燃料超音速火焰喷涂技术(HVAF)在D2钢表面制得Cr3C2-FeCrBSi复合涂层.借用光学显微镜(OM)、维氏硬度计、扫描电镜(SEM)、拉伸试验机及摩擦磨损试验机对复合涂层的显微结构、力学性能及摩擦磨损性能进行表征与测试,研究了不同比例纳米-微米Cr3C2陶瓷增强相对复合涂层组织结构及性能的影响.试验结果...     

Hardness Loss of Plastic Mold Steels: Phenomenon in Injection Molding

The standard application-oriented test for abrasive wear of polymers on plastic mold steels is the platelet wear tester method in which two steel specimens form a thin wear slit. The glass fiber-reinforced polymer melt is injected through the wear slit, and the surface of both specimens is abraded. In the injection molding process, similar conditions often occur in thin-walled parts or film gates. Drastic loss of the hardness of a powder metallurgical steel (PM steel) is discovered after approx. 200 injection cycles while performing platelet wear tests. For experimentally analyzing the reason for the loss of steel hardness during injection molding, a new platelet wear testing apparatus is developed, which can be used to measure the increase in temperature inside the steel specimen while testing. The first results show and support the hypothesis that a temperature increase above the annealing temperature occurs inside the steel due to viscous dissipation at the steel surface. In cooperation with the company voestalpine BÖHLER Edelstahl & Co KG, tests on the PM steel in a dilatometer are performed to simulate the cycle-by-cycle heat pulses occurring in the injection molding process. With the results of those tests, it is possible to state a hypothesis for the reason of this hardness loss.     

含钛中锰钢淬火-配分组织及力学性能

为了研究淬火配分含钛中锰钢的组织与力学性能,借助扫描电子显微镜,透射电子显微镜、电子背散射衍射技术与万能拉伸试验机、磨粒磨损试验机等,分析与测试了含钛中锰钢在165～240℃淬火380℃配分处理后组织、强度、塑性与磨粒磨损性能.结果 表明,试验钢淬火-配分组织主要为板条状一次马氏体、块状二次马氏体及残余奥氏体,同时含有...     

新型中锰马氏体高强度钢的耐磨性能

 利用销盘式磨料磨损试验和三体冲击磨料磨损试验研究碳质量分数分别为0.12%和0.19%新型中锰马氏体高强度钢的磨损行为,并与Hardox450钢和21C钢进行耐磨性能对比。用磨损失重量表征耐磨性能,利用LOM、SEM和XRD等设备研究材料磨料磨损机制。结果表明,新型中锰钢耐磨性能与Hardox450钢及21C钢相当。在销盘式磨料磨损试验和三体冲击磨料磨损试验中,马氏体高强钢的耐磨性能与材料的硬度呈线性关系,硬度越高,材料耐磨性越好。由于锰的添加,新型中锰钢的优点不仅在于具有锰的固溶强化特性提高耐磨性能,还在于该钢的淬透性几乎与该钢的冷却速度无关,因而该钢具有大规模工业生产的潜力。     

Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on Properties of Cr8-Type Cold Work Die Steel

 Effect of cryogenic treatment on the properties of Cr8-type cold work die steel was investigated. The results show that cryogenic treatment increases hardness by decreasing retained austenite, but the degree depends on the austenitizing temperature. When quenching at lower austenitizing temperature, the steel can obtain higher toughness by cryogenic treatment substituting conventional treatment process. Cryogenic time has little effect on cryogenic treatment. Conversely, cryogenic temperature has a greatly effect on cryogenic treatment that the effect of cryogenic treatment is more obvious with decreasing cryogenic temperature. In addition, deep cryogenic treatment improves the wear resistance by precipitating more homogeneous MC and M6C-carbides.     

The wear behavior between hardfacing materials

Hardface weld cladding in industry most commonly uses cobalt-based STELLITE nos. 6 and 12 and nickel-based Colmonoy nos. 56, 83, and 88 for plasma transferred arc (PTA) welding of 4140 steel. Frictional and abrasion wear of weld layers are compared with that of the widely used nitridized, low-level SKD61, SACM1 steel alloys and with centrifugal-cast nickel-based Colmonoy No. 68 bimetal. Experimental results show that cobalt alloys are not suitable for low-alloy steel frictional wear. However, nickel alloys are quite compatible. Resistance to abrasive wear increased in the experimental materials according to the level of hardness. Wear resistance was compromised in experimental materials when the hard phase was too dispersed.     

深冷处理对W6Mo5Cr4V2高速钢性能的影响

对经-120℃和-150℃深冷工艺处理的W6Mo5Cr4V2高速钢进行了硬度及摩擦磨损性能测试,并用扫描电镜分析了其显微组织与磨损形貌。深冷处理使高速钢硬度和耐磨性能得到提高。随深冷温度的降低,性能改善明显,经循环深冷处理试样的性能均好于一次长时间深冷处理试样,-150℃温度下经3次1 h深冷处理试样的性能最优。结果表明,高速钢性能改善的主要原因是深冷处理可促进试样中残余奥氏体向马氏体转变,同时,高速钢组织中析出的大量碳化物在摩擦磨损过程中作为硬质颗粒可提高耐磨性能。循环深冷处理过程中过冷度一直存在,每次循环过程都可促进残余奥氏体转变为马氏体,促进基体马氏体上析出细小的碳化物,从而提高高速钢的性能。     

热作模具钢热处理工艺及深冷处理研究

研究了X20CoCrWMo10-9热作模具钢在1 000～1 180℃淬火温度下的组织和性能,并确定材料的最佳淬火温度为1 120℃;经不同工艺深冷处理后对钢进行显微组织观察和力学性能测试。结果表明,深冷处理可以不同程度提高钢的硬度和耐磨性。对比不同回火温度与时间下的性能,制定该钢适宜的深冷处理工艺为:1 120℃淬火+深冷处理8 h+650℃×1 h回火。     

Wear behaviour of stainless steel sintered and alloyed with titanium,cobalt and molybdenum

Abstract

In this study, a powder mixture was prepared by adding 1–3 wt-% of FeMo, FeTi and Co powders to the austenitic stainless steel powders and samples were produced by the powder metallurgy method. Attempts were made to establish correlations between the microstructure, hardness, toughness, and abrasive wear values of these samples. Wear resistance of the materials was measured by a two body pin-on-disk wear tester. SiC abrasive papers of 65 μm and 177 μm sizes were used as the abrasive media. Wear tests were performed at the loads of 10, 20, and 30 N at room temperature. They showed that the softer, base austenitic stainless steel exhibited higher mass loss than the alloyed samples. Furthermore, the abrasive wear resistance of the base austenitic stainless steel composites increased with increasing FeTi, FeMo,Co content. The wear rate with the 177 μm SiC abrasive paper increased more than that with the 65 μm SiC abrasive paper.     

热处理对Fe基非晶合金涂层的相组成及摩擦磨损行为的影响

采用爆炸喷涂技术在Q235不锈钢基体上制备Fe基非晶合金涂层,在500~700℃下对涂层进行热处理,研究热处理温度对涂层的相组成和摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明:随热处理温度升高,涂层中非晶相含量明显减少,700℃热处理后,非晶相含量(体积分数)由热处理前的85.54%降至38.94%;热处理后涂层结构变得更致密;喷涂态涂层的平均显微硬度为1 095.6 HV0.05,500℃热处理后硬度变化不大,随热处理温度升高呈缓慢上升的趋势;与喷涂态涂层相比,500和600℃热处理后涂层的平均摩擦因数稍有增加,而700℃热处理后平均摩擦因数减小15%;热处理温度为600℃时涂层的磨损量较热处理前降低20%,耐磨性能最好,而热处理温度为700℃时涂层的质量磨损增大到热处理前的3倍以上,主要是涂层晶化相明显增加,氧化物含量增多,涂层变脆所致;磨损机制为则由喷漆态的粘着磨损向磨粒磨损,再到二者混合机制磨损转变。     

Abrasive Wear Behaviors of Light-weight Austenitic Fe-24Mn-7Al-1C Steel and Mn13Cr2 Steel

The impact abrasive wear behaviors of light-weight austenitic Fe-24Mn-7Al-1C steel with increasing impact wear conditions were studied by comparing with the modified Hadfield (Mn13Cr2)steel.Wear tests were performed with the MLD-10 abrasive wear testing machine.Main parameters such as impact energy,impacting frequency and wear time were evaluated.To explore the abrasive wear behaviors under different impact energies,the parameters in-cluding mass loss,wear resistance and hardness were evaluated in detail.The microstructures of the steels were fur-ther analyzed using optical microscopy (OM),scanning electron microscopy (SEM),transmission electron micros-copy (TEM)and X-ray diffraction (XRD).Results showed that the light-weight austenitic Fe-24Mn-7Al-1C steel had a better wear resistance than Mn13Cr2 steel under the impact energy tested.The wear resistance of light-weight austenitic Fe-24Mn-7Al-1C steel was about 1.09-1.17 times as high as that of Mn13Cr2 steel under low and medi-um impact energy (0.5-2.0 J)conditions,and 1.41 times under high impact energy (4.0 J)condition.In Mn13Cr2 steel,the evolution of dislocation substructure with increasing impact energy showed typical stacking fault,interac-tion of twins and dislocations,as well as mechanical twins.The high work-hardening rate in Fe-24Mn-7Al-1C steel was caused by Taylor lattice and high density of dislocation tangles.     

热处理工艺和磨损冲击功对变质Mn8钢耐磨性的影响

研究了不同热处理工艺和磨损冲击功对变质Ｍｎ８钢耐磨性的影响。结果表明,在相同的热处理工艺条件下,变质Ｍｎ８钢的耐磨性随磨损冲击功的增大呈先增后减的规律,在１Ｊ磨损冲击功处出现耐磨性峰值;在１Ｊ磨损冲击功条件下,变质Ｍｎ８钢的耐磨性以弥散处理时最好,固溶处理时次之,时效处理时最差,且耐磨性随时效温度的提高而降低;在０．５Ｊ、１Ｊ和２Ｊ磨损冲击功时,变质Ｍｎ８钢的主要磨损机制分别为显微切削＋凿坑变形、显微切削＋浅小凿坑＋轻微剥落、累积变形疲劳剥落;最佳耐磨性时的磨损机制为显微切削＋浅小凿坑＋轻微剥落     

Multiphase Microstructure Optimization to Enhance the Mechanical Properties of AISI M35 High-Speed Steel

It is crucial to conduct in-depth research on the cryogenic-treatment mechanism to promote the standardization and industrialization of cryogenic treatment in the high-speed steel (HSS) industry. In this study, the microstructure and mechanical properties (microhardness and impact toughness) of AISI M35 HSS after deep-cryogenic treatment (DCT) and conventional heat treatment (CHT) are investigated, and the microstructural characteristics at different stages of CHT and cryogenic treatment are studied. It is indicated in the results that DCT of the steel leads to the formation of fresh martensite from residual austenite, as well as the introduction of more dislocations due to plastic deformation. In addition, the deep-cryogenic-treated specimen that is tempered shows increased numbers of martensite blocks and secondary carbide precipitation. The carbides in the steel are mainly V-rich (MC), W–Mo-rich (M₆C), and Cr-rich (M₂₃C₆). The hardness of the deep-cryogenic-treated samples increases by approximately 50 HV₁ because of the transformation of residual austenite and dislocation strengthening. Furthermore, specimens that are both deep-cryogenic treated and tempered exhibit a 30% increase in impact toughness and a more uniform distribution in hardness, likely due to the more homogeneous precipitation of secondary carbides and refinement of martensite.