类金刚石薄膜在人工关节摩擦副表面改性进展

类金刚石(DLC)薄膜由于其优异的减摩耐磨性以及良好的生物相容性被引入到人工关节材质中。该文综述了DLC薄膜在人工关节摩擦副表面改性的研究现状,包括DLC薄膜的分类、制备方法及内应力。介绍了提高DLC膜基结合力的方法及DLC薄膜生物相容性的研究进展。接着,对不同DLC薄膜人工关节摩擦副的研究成果进行了阐述。最后,针对DLC薄膜存在的问题提出了今后DLC薄膜人造关节的研究方向。     

生物医用氮化碳薄膜的力学性能比较研究

使用磁控溅射法在生物医用NiTi合金基体表面制备了Ti／TiN、Ti／DLC以及Ti／CNx梯度薄膜,利用扫描电镜研究了薄膜的截面形貌,并使用划痕仪及摩擦磨损仪研究比较了薄膜的力学性能。结果表明：薄膜均表面平整,与基底结合紧密。Ti／CNx薄膜与NiTi合金基底的结合力大于Ti／DLC薄膜,略低于Ti／TiN薄膜。3种梯度薄膜均能有效改善NiTi合金的耐磨损性能,其中,Ti／CNx薄膜拥有最低的摩擦系数和最完整的磨损表面,耐磨性最好。     

发动机挺柱沉积类金刚石薄膜的工艺及性能

采用磁控溅射法,以Cr、Ti和石墨为靶材,Ar、N2和CH4为溅射气体,在材料为20CrMo的发动机挺柱上利用多层梯度复合技术沉积了低摩擦类金刚石(DLC)薄膜复合层CrTi/CrTiN/CrTiC/DLC。该薄膜复合层的纳米压痕硬度高达13GPa,结合力为50N,表面粗糙度为0.398nm。在SRV-IV微动摩擦磨损试验机上进行耐磨损试验后,DLC复合薄膜挺柱的磨损率为渗碳挺柱的1/6。该研究技术具有自主知识产权,实现了挺柱批量化覆膜加工,并有望在发动机主要摩擦副上推广应用。     

射频感应耦合化学气相沉积类金刚石薄膜的摩擦性能研究

采用射频感应耦合离子源（ICP）在硅基底上沉积了DLC薄膜,通过原子力显微镜（AFM）和拉曼光谱对DLC薄膜的表面形貌及结构进行了分析表征,用UTM-2摩擦磨损试验仪对薄膜的摩擦学性能进行了测试。结果表明,利用该方法沉积制备的DLC薄膜具有良好的减摩抗磨性能。     

掺硅类金刚石薄膜的制备及其微观机械性能研究

采用射频感应耦合离子源（ICP）在硅基底上沉积了DLC薄膜,并利用离子束溅射固体单晶石墨的方法掺入Si元素。通过原子力显微镜（AFM）和拉曼光谱对DLC薄膜的表面形貌及结构进行了分析表征。并用UTM-2摩擦磨损试验仪对薄膜进行了刻划测试,通过临界载荷的对比,分析了掺硅和纯DLC薄膜与基底的结合能力。结果表明,掺硅DLC薄膜具有良好的膜-基结合能力。     

2-甲基丙烯酰氧基乙基磷酰胆碱共聚物应用研究进展

综述了2-甲基丙烯酰氧基乙基磷酰胆碱(MPC)共聚物在改善血液相容性、提高药物控释效率、增加基因转染率、改善角膜接触镜表面亲水性、延长人工关节使用寿命和减小生物传感器表面污染等领域的应用研究进展,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮复合材料的研究及应用

综述了碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮（PEEK）复合材料在机械力学性能、摩擦磨损机理、生物相容性、微观结构等方面的研究进展。     

类金刚石膜的实用化现状与今后展望

DLC膜是一种类似金刚石的非晶碳膜,具有优异的摩擦学性能,被应用于有高耐磨性和低摩擦要求的机械零件.已开发出多种DLC膜沉积工艺.近年来,DLC膜可在多种材料上沉积,应用范围正在扩大.在承受高负荷的摩擦学领域,DLC膜现可应用于切削刀具.DLC膜可应用于易被热能损伤的橡胶或高分子基体.从保护地球环境的观点出发,应开发可用于汽车部件的DLC膜以改善燃油经济性.此外,除了摩擦学用途外,还开发出诸如高分子材料阻气层的新应用.本章对DLC膜的新用途和新研究作了评述.     

陶瓷材料在人工关节中的应用与发展趋势

陶瓷材料具有强度高,耐磨性好,化学稳定性、耐蚀性强和良好的生物相容性,这使得陶瓷材料在人工关节应用上具有很大的优势。这里就用于人工关节的各种陶瓷材料的性质、优点、不足,以及未来陶瓷人工关节材料的发展趋势进行了综合性概述。     

手表装饰用类金刚石薄膜的性能研究

采用多弧离子镀与离子束辅助磁控溅射复合工艺在316L不锈钢上制备了手表装饰用类金刚石(DLC)梯度薄膜(Cr–WC–DLC),研究了薄膜的外观、组成、硬度、耐蚀性、耐磨性、防刮花性能及结合力。结果表明,该方法制得的DLC梯度薄膜呈亮黑色且均匀一致,硬度达28GPa,sp~3结构含量约53%,具有优良的结合强度和耐蚀、耐磨、防刮花性能,是理想的手表用装饰性膜层。     

Microstructure and adhesion characteristics of diamond-like carbon films deposited on steel substrates

For tribological applications, the low friction coefficient and high microhardness of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films give significant advantages in cutting and forming non-ferrous materials. The inherently large residual stress of DLC films, however, prevents the depositing of thicker films. This study designed and implemented a compound interface, comprising a series of metal, metal nitride, and metal carbonitride interlayers deposited in a graded structure, between the DLC (a metal-doped a-C:H) film and M2 steel substrates. The tribological performance of the interface was evaluated using a scratch tester and ball-on-disk tribometer. Meanwhile, the failure mechanism of DLC deposited on M2 steel substrates was examined using SEM/EDS and TEM microscopy. Experimental results demonstrate an improved DLC hard coating with superior adhesion strength on the steel substrates.     

Effect of diamond-like carbon (DLC) on the properties of the NiTi alloys

NiTi alloy has found wide application in the biomedical field due to its unique shape memory effect, superelasticity and biocompatibility. However, the materials are vulnerable to surface corrosion and the most serious issue is out-diffusion of toxic Ni ions from the substrate into body tissues and fluids. In this paper, NiTi alloys were coated with diamond-like carbon (DLC) fabricated by plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (PIIID) to improve their corrosion resistance and blood compatibility without sacrificing their shape memory effect and superelasticity. The structure of the films and the depth profiles between the films and substrate were studied using Raman spectroscopy and XPS, respectively. The phase transformation temperature, superelasticity, anticorrosion behavior and Ni ions release of the coated and uncoated sample were investigated by DSC, tensile tests, potentiodynamic polarization and AAS, respectively. The hemocompatibilty of the coated and uncoated samples was measured using clotting time and platelet adhesion. The results shows that the films is DLC accompanying with the formation of the mixing layer, and the DLC films can markedly improve the corrosion resistance and the hemocompatibility, obviously increase the ratio of albumin-to-fibrinogen and effectively block the Ni ions release of the NiTi alloys without sacrificing its superelasticity and changing its phase transformation temperature. The research results suggest DLC films prepared by PIIID could improve the in vivo performance of NiTi alloys implanted into the human body.     

The effect of annealing on mechanical and tribological properties of diamond-like carbon multilayer films

The diamond-like carbon (DLC) multilayer films have been deposited by plasma CVD deposition onSi wafer substrate. The deposited films have then been post-annealed in vacuum at 250 °C for 2 h. Changes in internal stress, hardness, critical load, friction coefficient and wear have been investigated toassess the influence of annealing on mechanical and tribological properties of DLC multilayer films. At the same time, DLC single layerfilms are also deposited and annealed in the same method for a comparison.The results show that there is 28–33% decrease in internal stress and 10–13% decrease in hardness of theDLC single layer films after the anneal treatment. However, for the DLC multilayer films, there is 41–43% decreasein internal stress and less than 2% decrease in hardness. In addition, the annealed DLC multilayer filmhas the same friction and wear properties as that un-annealed film. This result indicates that the anneal treatment isan effective method for the DLC multilayer films to reduce the internal stress and to increase the critical load.The by-effect of the annealing, decrease of hardness and wear resistance of the multilayer film, can be restrictedby the multilayer structure.     

Tribological performance of DLC-coated ceramics against cemented carbide under dry sliding conditions

In order to improve the tribological behavior of Si₃N₄/TiC ceramics, DLC coating was fabricated on the ceramic surface through magnetron sputtering technology. The surface and cross-section micrographs, the adhesion between coating and substrate, the surface roughness and microhardness of the DLC-coated ceramics were investigated. Reciprocating friction tests sliding against cemented carbide ball were conducted under dry sliding conditions. The test results indicated that the DLC coating possessed superior tribological performance, which was conductive to decreasing the friction coefficient and enhancing the wear resistance of ceramics. The primary mechanisms responsible for performance improvement of the DLC-coated ceramics were attributed to the combined effects of low shear stress, excellent adhesion with substrate, high microhardness and good surface roughness. It was believed that the DLC coating was efficient in improving the load-carrying capacity and expanding the application area of ceramic materials.     

Nano-texture for a wear-resistant and near-frictionless diamond-like carbon

The effect of nano-scale surface texture on wear resistance of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films was studied using a reciprocating ball-on-flat tribometer in dry, humid, and liquid water environments. The nano-scale surface texture was produced by depositing ∼1 μm thick DLC films onto silicon substrates pre-textured with pyramidal wells and polystyrene spheres. The surface roughness of the textured DLC films was about 50 nm in both cases. The friction and wear behavior of the flat and nano-textured DLC films were tested with AISI 440C-grade stainless steel balls at a contact load creating about 360 nm deep Hertzian deformation which is significantly larger than the surface roughness. At this condition, nano-texturing did not affect the friction coefficient, but it significantly reduced the wear of DLC films in dry and humid nitrogen compared to flat DLC. In dry nitrogen, the nano-textured DLC films showed the ultra-low friction without substantial wear of DLC and deposition of thick transfer films onto the counter-surface. The wear reduction appeared to be related to the stress relief in the nano-textured DLC film. In liquid water, surface features on the nano-textured DLC films were diminished due to tribochemical oxidation and material removal at the sliding interface.     

清洗预处理对手表外观件表面镀类金刚石薄膜性能的影响

为解决手表外观件镀层的附着力和硬度不高而产生的膜层脱落和磨损露底等问题,采用阳极层流型气体离子源结合非平衡磁控溅射技术制备了类金刚石膜层,研究了镀前清洗工艺对膜层附着力和耐磨性能的影响.结果表明,所制备的类金刚石膜均匀亮黑,显微硬度为2 232 HV,摩擦系数为0.15.在同一镀膜工艺条件下,手表外观件经彻底清洗后,其...     

A superhard diamond-like carbon film

A superhard hydrogen-free amorphous diamond-like carbon (DLC) film was deposited by pulsed arc discharge using a carbon source accelerator in a vacuum of 2×10⁻⁴ Pa. The growth rate was about 15 nm/min and the optimum ion-plasma energy was about 70 eV. The impact of doping elements (Cu, Zr, Ti, Al, F(Cl), N) on the characteristics of DLC films deposited on metal and silicon substrates was studied aiming at the choice of the optimum coating for low friction couples. The microhardness of thick (≥20 μm) DLC films was studied by Knoop and Vickers indentations, medium thick DLC films (1–3 μm) were investigated using a ‘Fischerscope’, and Young's module of thin films (20–70 nm) was studied by laser induced surface acoustic waves. The bonds in DLC films were investigated by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), X-ray excited Auger electron spectroscopy (XAES), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The adhesion of DLC films was defined by the scratch test and Rockwell indentation. The coefficient of friction of the Patinor DLC film was measured by a rubbing cylinders test and by a pin-on-disk test in laboratory air at about 20% humidity and room temperature. The microhardness of the Patinor DLC film was up to 100 GPa and the density of the film was 3.43–3.65 g/cm³. The specific wear rate of the Patinor DLC film is comparable to that of other carbon films.     

Influence of plasma nitriding treatment on the adhesion of DLC films deposited on AISI 4140 steel by PVD magnetron sputtering

Duplex surface treatments composed of diamond like carbon (DLC) coating followed by plasma nitriding have drawn attention for a while. In this study, AISI 4140 steel substrates were plasma nitrided at different treatment temperatures and times. Then, DLC films were deposited on both untreated and plasma nitrided samples using PVD magnetron sputtering. The effect of different plasma nitriding temperatures and times on the structural, mechanical and adhesion properties of DLC coatings was investigated by XRD, SEM, microhardness tester and scratch tester, respectively. It was found that surface hardness, intrinsic stresses, layer thickness values and phase distribution in modified layers and DLC coating were the main factors on adhesion properties of duplex coating system. The surface hardness and residual stress values of AISI 4140 steel substrates significantly increased with both DLC coating and duplex surface treatment (plasma nitriding + DLC coating). Increasing plasma nitriding temperature and time also increased the diffusion depth and the thickness of modified layers. Hard surface layers led to a significant improvement on load bearing capacity of the substrate material. However, it was also determined that the process parameters, which provided lower intrinsic stresses, improved the adhesion properties of the duplex coating system.     

Effect of carbonitriding temperature process on the adhesion properties of diamond like-carbon coatings deposited by PECVD on austenitic stainless steel

The deposition of adherent coatings such as diamond-like carbon (DLC) on substrates of iron-based materials is difficult to obtain for two reasons: high residual compressive stress occurs in the inner film formation, and the mismatch of thermal expansion coefficient between steel and DLC film generates delamination effects. In order to determine the carbonitriding temperature prior to film deposition, the steel substrate and the DLC films were analyzed for their microstructure and mechanical properties of adhesion as a function of temperature. The technique used to deposit the coating was DC-pulsed plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The delamination distances and the critical load of the film were obtained by scratch testing. The surface analysis by X-ray diffraction indicated the formation of nitride phases on the steel. Raman spectroscopy showed the fraction of sp³ carbon bonds in DLC films. Hardness profiling was used to verify the extent of the interface modified by carbonitriding along the cross section. For this, the steel sample with the appropriate surface modification to have high adhesion of the DLC film was used.