应力与环境耦合条件下高强钢S135的疲劳行为

为评价应力与环境耦合(交变应力、腐蚀介质和温度耦合)对高强度钢S135疲劳性能的影响,探索应力与环境耦合对高强度钢S135疲劳的作用机制,测试了S135材料在空气中和不同温度下(25、40、60和80℃)有机盐钻井液中的疲劳寿命,分析了S135在有机盐钻井液中的腐蚀疲劳敏感性,并使用扫描电镜观察了不同温度下的断口形貌,研究了有机盐钻井液中S135腐蚀疲劳的断裂机理。结果表明,同一应力(低应力)水平下,随温度升高(25、40、60和80℃),腐蚀疲劳寿命逐渐降低,腐蚀疲劳敏感指数和温度敏感指数逐渐增加。研究认为,交变应力、腐蚀介质和温度耦合对S135材料疲劳有极大的影响,交变应力是疲劳失效的主要因素,腐蚀介质会使S135表面产生腐蚀坑,导致疲劳裂纹的萌生,温度通过加速腐蚀对疲劳破坏产生影响。     

温度对高钴钼不锈轴承钢高周疲劳性能的影响

为了提高宇航轴承的寿命和可靠性,研究了轴承用高钴钼不锈轴承钢在不同温度下的高周旋转弯曲疲劳性能和失效形式。结果表明,随着温度的升高,试验钢的疲劳极限强度逐渐下降,利用升降法测得25、300、500℃条件下疲劳极限强度分别为927、840、667 MPa,与25℃相比,300、500℃条件下疲劳极限强度分别降低了9.4%、28.0%。25℃时裂纹萌生是由表面沟壑导致的应力集中引起的,当温度上升至300℃时,疲劳试样基体硬度下降,在长时间交变应力作用下出现驻留滑移带,并且由于碳化物析出和长大,加速了表面沟壑萌生裂纹的形成。500℃时基体硬度继续下降,使驻留滑移带更容易产生。在热力耦合作用下,疲劳试样边缘析出碳化物,在长时间热作用下碳化物长大,驻留滑移带内碳化物与位错交互作用,在碳化物边缘上萌生微小裂纹。碳化物的析出和长大加速了疲劳裂纹的扩展。     

高含H2S和CO2环境中L80钢的腐蚀规律

 采用失重腐蚀方法研究了在模拟气田井下腐蚀环境中腐蚀影响因素(总压力、温度、腐蚀时间、H2S、Cl-、溶液流速),对套管钢(L80)腐蚀的影响规律,并用扫描电镜分析了腐蚀产物膜形貌。结果表明：60 ℃为L80钢在H2S+CO2腐蚀环境中的腐蚀临界温度,此时,L80钢的腐蚀速率最小;当总压力大于等于9 MPa,温度为120 ℃,H2S、CO2达到各自的超临界点,L80钢的腐蚀速率比温度为90 ℃时小;随腐蚀时间延长,腐蚀速率明显下降;相对在单一的CO2环境下,引入H2S可降低腐蚀速率;Cl-可促进L80钢的腐蚀;溶液流速加快,腐蚀速率提高。     

新型高强度弹簧钢40Si2CrNi2MoV、44Si2CrV的疲劳性能研究

采用旋转弯曲疲劳试验方法研究了新型高强度弹簧钢40Si2CrNi2MoV、44Si2CrV钢的疲劳性能,试验结果表明,在试样回火温度420℃时,44Si2CrV钢试样的疲劳寿命高于40Si2CrNi2MoV钢;而当回火温度480℃或560℃时,40Si2CrNi2MoV钢的疲劳寿命高于44Si2CrV钢。经各种不同的温度回火处理而使其强度接近时,40Si2CrNi2MoV、44Si2CrV钢试样的疲劳寿命均高于60Si2CrVA钢。     

TA15钛合金高温持久腐蚀行为研究

为深入分析热盐应力腐蚀对TA15钛合金高温性能的影响,对大规格TA15钛合金棒材进行不同的表面腐蚀处理,测试了500℃/470 MPa条件下的持久性能,并对试样表面、断口处的组织特征进行观察,分析TA15钛合金的热盐应力腐蚀机制。结果表明：在500℃/470 MPa下,TA15钛合金对热盐应力腐蚀非常敏感,导致持久寿命显著降低;在腐蚀过程中,沿着α相界(β基体)发生复杂的化学反应,形成腐蚀氧化物并向内扩散;应力作用加速了腐蚀裂纹扩展,形成沿晶断裂特征,降低了试样的持久寿命。     

核电站凝汽器用钛焊管蒸汽腐蚀疲劳性能研究

测定了国产和进口核电站凝汽器用钛焊管在室温大气和人工海水100℃水蒸汽介质中的疲劳性能,同时采用扫描电子显微镜对疲劳断口进行了观察,探讨了钛焊管的蒸汽腐蚀疲劳机理。研究结果表明:国产钛焊管与进口钛焊管的疲劳寿命较为接近,水蒸汽氛围大幅度降低了钛焊管的疲劳寿命;疲劳试样的裂纹均萌生于钛焊管焊缝区域的外表面,多为多源萌生,裂纹扩展均以条纹机理为主;断口处有少量二次裂纹,未发现沿晶断裂及周期解理断裂特征,静断区断口形貌为韧窝;从蒸汽腐蚀疲劳试样中,未能观察到明显的腐蚀产物;钛焊管的蒸汽疲劳腐蚀是交变应力和电化学腐蚀交互作用的结果。     

Nb微合金化对Cr-Co-Ni-Mo系超高强度不锈钢腐蚀疲劳性能的影响

为探讨超高强度不锈钢的应力腐蚀开裂行为,采用Cr-Co-Ni-Mo系超高强度不锈钢为研究对象,利用OM、XRD、TEM等测试手段,结合腐蚀疲劳试验,研究了Nb微合金化对Cr-Co-Ni-Mo系超高强度不锈钢腐蚀疲劳性能的影响。结果表明,试验钢在3.5%NaCl溶液中具有一定的应力腐蚀敏感性,其应力腐蚀开裂机理为氢致开裂和阳极溶解的混合机制。Nb微合金化提高了钢的腐蚀疲劳性能,钢中添加0.11%的Nb后,钢的腐蚀疲劳强度由440 MPa提高至495 MPa,其主要原因是,Nb微合金化可以细化钢的晶粒尺寸,促进钢中不可逆氢陷阱NbC的析出,增加了钢中原奥氏体晶界总量、小角晶界所占比例、Σ3晶界数量、奥氏体体积分数等。     

GH33A合金热机械循环塑性性能

针对GH33A高温合金材料在温度与机械应变同时交变条件下的热机械循环塑性性能,就相位差对该材料在热机械循环状态下的循环硬化、循环软化和疲劳寿命的影响进行分析和讨论.结果表明:相位差影响材料的循环硬化与软化;在570~825℃的温度交变条件下,同相热机械疲劳寿命比反相热机械疲劳寿命短。     

车轮钢热——机械疲劳性能的研究

在分析火车车轮热疲劳损伤的基础上，用Ｃｌｅｅｂｌｅ－２０００热模拟试验机模拟车轮制动过程的热－机械疲劳，测试了峰值温度分别为７００℃，６００℃和５００℃，下限温度均为１００℃时，车轮钢在全约束条件下的热疲劳寿命，在试样预加一个压应力情况下，模拟残余应力对车轮钢热疲劳性能的影响，确定了车轮钢的Ｃｏｆｆｉｎ－Ｍａｎｓｏｎ方程，为提高车轮轮箍的使用寿命提供理论依据和实验分析。     

淬火温度对86CrMoV7钢抗接触疲劳性能的影响

冷轧辊接触疲劳剥落是在接触负荷下表层疲劳裂纹萌生扩展的断裂过程,与组织结构和内应力状态有关,是主要失效方式之一。本文研究淬火温度对86CrMoV7钢抗接触疲劳性能的影响。选择840、870、910和950℃四个淬火温度。测定了试样的接触疲劳寿命、硬度、残余应力和残余奥氏体量。并对金相组织、裂纹形貌及剥落断口进行了观察。研究发现,840℃淬火有最高的接触疲劳寿命;硬度和疲劳寿命有一定的对应关系,硬度为62～63HRC时接触疲劳寿命最高,更高的硬度反而使之下降。残余应力与疲劳寿命的关系较为复杂。金相组织对钢的接触疲劳寿命有重要作用:板条马氏体组织比片状马氏体组织抗接触疲劳性能好,适量的残余奥氏体可改善钢的抗接触疲劳性能。不同的裂纹及断口形貌对应不同的接触疲劳寿命。     

Investigation of Mechanical Property of Oil Tube Steel P110S in High Temperature and High Pressure Environment Containing H2S/CO2

With the exploitation of high sour and deep oil well in china,the corrosion medium containing CO 2,H 2 S,Cl-and organic acid threaten the safety of oil equipment and tube steel severely.In this article,many experiments,including corrosion tests,tensile tests,hydrogen concentration measurement tests and SEM examinations,were performed to investigate the effect of H 2 S partial pressure and loading stress on the mechanical property of oil tube steel P110S in high temperature and high pressure environment containing H 2 S/CO 2.The tensile strength and yield strength during fracture process of P110S steel were obtained experimentally and the fracture morphology was analyzed by SEM.The results indicate that both tensile strength and yield strength decreased after corrosion.The damage of tensile strength and yield strength became serious with an increase in H 2 S partial pressure and loading stress.According to the fracture analysis,the fracture mode exhibited quasi-cleavage and dimple mixed fracture,and the area of quasi-cleavage pattern increased with H 2 S partial pressure and loading stress increasing.According to the results of tensile test and hydrogen concentration measurement test,the tensile property degradation is closely associated with diffusible hydrogen concentration of P110S steel in the H 2 S/CO 2 environment.     

Influence of H<Subscript>2</Subscript>S Corrosion on Rotating Bending Fatigue Properties of S135 Drill Pipe Steel

Fatigue properties of S135 drill pipe steel 27CrMo under different conditions were investigated by rotating bending fatigue test. The results show that the fatigue limit at 10⁶ cycles of the tested steel is 540 MPa. However, the fatigue cycles of the specimens after H₂S corrosion shows a sharp decline from 10⁶ to 10⁴, when the stress is also 540 MPa. SEM observation of fatigue fracture surfaces reveal that the fatigue fracture has the characteristics of ductile fracture before H₂S corrosion. After H₂S corrosion, its shows the characteristics of brittle fracture. The main effect of H₂S corrosion is that the hydrogen atoms gathered at grain boundaries, inclusions and defects, which promoted the process of fatigue crack initiation and propagation, reducing the fatigue properties.     

盐雾腐蚀对HRB400E抗震钢筋低周疲劳和力学性能的影响

摘要：采用质量分数为5%的NaCl溶液在盐雾腐蚀箱进行30~90d加速腐蚀试验,研究了盐雾腐蚀对HRB400E钢筋低周疲劳行为和拉伸性能的影响。然后采用轴向位移控制模拟地震载荷对腐蚀钢筋开展了低周疲劳和拉伸试验,获得循环响应特征曲线和应变 寿命曲线。结合SEM断口形貌观察,分析钢筋的低周疲劳断裂机制。结果表明：盐雾腐蚀对钢筋的质量和尺寸有明显影响,钢筋表面产生腐蚀坑;钢筋的力学性能随腐蚀时间增加而降低,腐蚀90d的断裂伸长率下降率达461%,屈服强度在腐蚀30d以后可能就不再满足标准要求;腐蚀明显削弱了钢筋的抗循环载荷性能,导致低周疲劳寿命下降;腐蚀会减小钢筋的裂纹扩展区面积并加速裂纹扩展。     

轿车螺旋悬挂弹簧用钢的研究开发

从冶金生产工艺、微观组织、拉伸和冲击断裂行为、疲劳断裂机制及弹减抗力等方面对引进轿车中应用较多的螺旋悬挂弹和钢50CrV4进行了研究。研究结果表明，随着回火温度升高，试验钢的强度和硬度降低、塑性和韧性增加；对试验钢断裂行为的分析表明其对应力状态和应变速率敏感，在中温回火后具有较高的抵抗动态变形和断裂的能力；试验钢对表面缺陷和表层硬性夹杂物敏感；中温回火后由于具有细小的微观组织和碳化物，因而具有较好的弹减抗力。通过改进冶金生产工艺、热处理和弹簧加工工艺生产的螺旋悬挂弹簧满足引进轿车的要求，已批量生产。     

High- temperature fatigue property of 18CrNbTi ferritic stainless steel

In order to determine the influence of dwell time and atmosphere environment on high- temperature fatigue properties of 18CrNbTi ferritic stainless steel, the high- temperature fatigue behaviors of 18CrNbTi steel with 10s dwell time at maximum stress in argon and simulated automobile exhaust gas were investigated under axial tension- tension stress- controlled mode at 800??, and compared with its high- temperature fatigue behavior in air without dwell time. The fracture surfaces of fatigued specimens were observed with scanning electron microscope. The results show that: the fatigue limit of 18CrNbTi steel in air is 25MPa; the fatigue resistance and fatigue life of 18CrNbTi steel significantly reduce after introducing 10s dwell time; in comparison with those in argon, the fatigue resistance and fatigue life have a further decrease in the simulated automobile exhaust gas; the fatigue cracks both initiate and propagate in a transgranular mode under all testing conditions.     

包覆机主轴腐蚀疲劳断裂分析

40CrNiMo包覆机主轴使用中出现异常断裂。为了弄清断裂原因,通过宏观观察、扫描电镜及能谱仪分析、光学显微观察对断轴进行了深入探讨,结果表明：主轴断裂为腐蚀疲劳失效,由于主轴钢质较差,在环境介质浸蚀下,主轴表面形成一些腐蚀坑,并在应力集中作用下,发展成微裂纹;微裂纹在循环工作应力作用下不断扩展,最终导致主轴疲劳断裂失效。可通过提高钢材质量,降低环境腐蚀性以及改善热处理工艺等措施加以解决。     

Q345R钢湿硫化氢预腐蚀低周疲劳行为

对Q345R钢在湿硫化氢环境中预腐蚀低周疲劳性能进行了研究,以硫化氢溶液的浓度和预腐蚀时间为环境因素.低周疲劳试验在MTS-809疲劳试验机上进行,对各试验组的结果数据进行回归分析,得到各试验组环境下Q345R钢的循环应力-应变曲线、应变-寿命曲线等低周疲劳特性.不同试验环境下的预腐蚀低周疲劳结果表明,材料循环应力应变响应特性不受环境因素影响,为循环硬化特性;预腐蚀时间因素对材料低周疲劳寿命的影响比硫化氢溶液的浓度因素显著.试样断口为典型的低周疲劳断裂形貌,裂纹扩展阶段为脆性准解理断裂特征.     

“PU—1”低合金高强度抗H2S应力腐蚀钻材钢的研究

研制的“ＰＵ－１”低合金高强度抗Ｈ２Ｓ应力腐蚀钻材新钢种,具有良好的综合力学、抗Ｈ２Ｓ应力腐蚀和焊接性能,应用于结构构件方面是可行的,且有显著的经济和社会效益。     

Clean steels for steam turbine rotors—their stress corrosion cracking resistance

This work presents the results of a comprehensive study concerning stress corrosion crack growth rates in steam turbine rotor steels exposed to hot water. The effects of stress intensity, temperature, and dissolved gases in the water have been investigated. Special attention has been given to the influence of impurities and alloying elements in the steel such as P, S, Mn, Si, Mo, and Ni, and to the effect of yield strength and fracture toughness on the growth rates of stress corrosion cracks. The results of this study clearly show that there exists a threshold stress intensity of about 20 MNm^−3/2 above which the invariably intergranular stress corrosion cracks grow at a constant, stress-independent velocity. This plateau stress corrosion crack growth rate isnot affected by the oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration in the water. The temperature and the yield strength of the steel have a strong influence on the growth rate of stress corrosion cracks. In contrast, there isno effect of the steel composition within the range investigated, neither of the impurity elements such as P and S, nor of the major alloying elements such as Mn, Si, Mo, and Ni. Steels with low fracture toughness due to temper embrittlement do not exhibit faster stress corrosion crack growth rates in water than nonembrittled steels. No direct relationship between intergranular temper embrittlement and intergranular stress corrosion crack growth in water can be demonstrated.     

高强度无取向电工钢疲劳性能及断裂机制

测试了高强无取向电工钢的S-N曲线,并借助光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜分析了实验钢组织,疲劳断口形貌和位错结构.结果 表明:室温条件下,频率为20 Hz,应力比R为0.1,循环107周次时,实验钢的疲劳强度为360 MPa,疲劳裂纹萌生于实验钢的次表面,裂纹萌生点附近有沿晶开裂现象,疲劳裂纹扩展区域有解理台阶与疲劳条纹,瞬间断裂区是韧性断裂,有大量韧窝.实验钢在循环应力作用下基体中产生了大量位错,并有驻留滑移带终止在晶界位置.