基于图形处理器加速光线投射算法的多功能体绘制技术

为克服传统算法中体绘制交互速度不流畅、重建耗时长、绘制效果单一的不足,实现了基于图形处理器(GPU)的光线投射算法用于医学层析图像实时体绘制,并能快速切换不同组织器官的绘制效果。首先,读入医学层析图像到计算机内存,构造体素;然后,设置相应体素属性(如插值方式、着色处理、光照参数)等,设计显示不同组织器官的颜色及不透明度传输函数;最后,GPU加载体素据并进行光线投射算法的计算。实验结果表明,在绘制速度上,GPU加速光线投射算法实现的多功能体绘制技术的绘制速度能达到每秒40帧以上,完全满足临床应用需求。在绘制质量上,用户交互中由于重采样而产生的锯齿现象明显低于CPU端实现的光线投射算法,GPU端与CPU端绘制时间的加速比在9倍左右。     

基于图形处理器加速光线投射算法的多功能体绘制技术

为克服传统算法中体绘制交互速度不流畅、重建耗时长、绘制效果单一的不足,实现了基于图形处理器(GPU)的光线投射算法用于医学层析图像实时体绘制,并能快速切换不同组织器官的绘制效果。首先,读入医学层析图像到计算机内存,构造体素;然后,设置相应体素属性(如插值方式、着色处理、光照参数)等,设计显示不同组织器官的颜色及不透明度传输函数;最后,GPU加载体素据并进行光线投射算法的计算。实验结果表明,在绘制速度上,GPU加速光线投射算法实现的多功能体绘制技术的绘制速度能达到每秒40帧以上,完全满足临床应用需求。在绘制质量上,用户交互中由于重采样而产生的锯齿现象明显低于CPU端实现的光线投射算法,GPU端与CPU端绘制时间的加速比在9倍左右。     

一种基于GPU的改进光线投射算法

针对传统光线投射算法计算量大、速度慢、在没有硬件加速情况下难以实时重建的问题,提出了一种基于GPU编程的快速计算重采样点值的光线投射算法。首先,设计一个GPU程序确定投射光线的终点与方向;其次,采用加速度步长采样方法确定重采样点的位置并利用快速复合插值方法计算重采样点的颜色值;最后,采用不透明度提前截止法进一步加速重建过程。实验结果表明,该方法计算复杂度低、执行效率高。在保证重建图像质量的同时,与现有基于CPU的光线投射算法相比,重建速度提高6倍,与基于GPU的传统光线投射算法相比,速度提高2倍。     

基于CUDA的数字化放射图像重建算法

为了提高重建图像的速度及质量,利用CUDA（compute unified device architecture）架构下GPU（graphic processing unit）的多核并行运算能力,将光线投射的几何变换、场景遍历和渲染三个步骤在可编程图像硬件中实现,降低模拟所需的时间;利用3D纹理、光线程基元的同步遍历机制及不透明度提前终止,在不影响成像质量的前提下,减少生成最终模拟效果所需的时间。实验结果表明,该算法不仅可以提高重建的速度,而且成像质量较好。     

视点相关的层次采样:一种硬件加速体光线投射算法

光线投射是一种高质量的体绘制方法.它以图像空间为序,逐根光线遍历和采样体数据.因此,传统上,它只能在CPU上实现,因而速度慢,交互性不好.提出了一个新的视点相关的层次采样VDLS (view dependent layer sampling)结构,VDLS将光线上的所有采样点重新组织成一系列层,并简化为两个视点相关的几何缓冲器,进而在GPU(graphics processing unit)中用两个动态纹理表示.利用GPU的可编程性,光线投射算法的6个步骤(光线生成、光线遍历、插值、分类、着色和颜色合成)得以完全在GPU中实现.在此基础上,提出两个基于体空间和图像空间连贯性的加速技巧,快速剔除无效的光线.结合其他与渲染和颜色合成有关的技巧,VDLS将面向多边形绘制的图形引擎转化为体光线投射算法引擎,在透视投影方式下,每秒能处理1.5亿个插值、后分类与着色的光线采样点.实验结果表明,提出的方法能用于医学可视化、真实物理现象模拟、材质检测中灰度体数据快速交互的可视化与漫游.     

基于GPU的四维医学图像动态快速体绘制

传统的三维医学图像重建技术无法满足四维医学图像动态重建的需求,而四维医学图像庞大的数据量使传统重建技术很难实现高性能实时绘制.基于以上需求,提出了一种四维医学图像动态快速体绘制方法.首先采用GPU强大的并行计算能力,提出一种基于GPU、利用CUDA技术实现的光线投射算法;然后分析了算法框架、体数据及计算结果的存储策略、...     

改进的光线投射法

采用光线投射法对连续CT图片进行三维重建,针对传统的光线投射法采样点计算量大,难以实现交互的问题,在采样过程中,利用平行投射直线之间的空间递推关系,提出了快速计算射线与平面集合的交点的算法,加快采样点的获取速度,实现重建速度上的提高。针对光线计算重复的问题,采用简化后的Phong光照模型,使得最后重建的显示效果更加理想。通过一台带有独立显卡的PC机,实现了改进后的算法,验证了该算法的实际效用。     

基于BRDF 和GPU 并行计算的全局光照实时渲染

基于光线追踪,将屏幕图像像素分解为投射光线与场景对象交点面片辐射亮度和 纹理贴图的合成,每个面片的辐射亮度计算基于双向反射分布函数(BRDF)基的线性组合,并通 过图形处理器(GPU)处理核心并行绘制进行加速,最后与并行计算的纹理映射结果进行合成。 提出了一种基于BRDF 和GPU 并行计算的全局光照实时渲染算法,利用GPU 并行加速,在提 高绘制效率的前提下,实现动态交互材质的全局光照实时渲染。重点研究：对象表面对光线的 多次反射用BRDF 基的线性组合来表示,将非线性问题转换为线性问题,从而提高绘制效率; 利用GPU 并行加速,分别计算对象表面光辐射能量和纹理映射及其线性组合,进一步提高计算 效率满足实时绘制需求。     

高质量的三维纹理硬件体绘制

与光线投射法相比,传统的3D纹理体绘制算法通常难以产生高质量的图像。为了增强渲染图像的真实感与质量,在基于GPU（Graphics Processing Unit）的三维纹理体绘制过程中以交互的速率实现了体阴影效果,并考虑现实图像合成中的可视化感知,提出将基于GPU的高动态范围色调映射技术应用到体绘制得到的结果图片中。最后对一些体数据集进行绘制,实验表明这些技术较好地解决了传统纹理绘制方法的缺点,提高了图像的质量。     

针对类球形对象的改进光线投射算法

为提高光线投射算法的绘制速度和图像绘制质量,提出了一种针对类球形对象的改进光线投射算法。该算法首先设置球形包围盒的方法剔除对最后绘图结果没有影响的光线投射,用快速求交的方法来提高获取采样点的速度,通过自适应采样的方法加入新的采样点来提高绘制图像的质量。实验结果表明该算法不仅比传统方法绘制出的图像质量清晰,并且提高了算法的执行速度。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。