面向运动过程建模的运动模糊图像摄像机响应函数估计方法

摄像机响应函数是将图像辐照度映射到图像强度的非线性函数,目前的运动模糊去除算法并没有考虑成像过程中摄像机响应函数的影响,不可避免地存在去模糊效果不佳的现象.通过研究运动模糊图像的摄像机响应函数估计问题,提出能量累积形成模糊的运动过程和摄像机响应函数相结合的摄像机响应函数求解模型,并进一步基于该运动过程模型提出一幅或多幅运动模糊图像的摄像机响应函数求解方法.首先选择一些与局部运动方向不平行的模糊边界,然后根据这些边界的模糊形成过程简化摄像机响应函数求解模型,实现摄像机响应函数求解.该方法没有苛刻的平行边界要求,较已有方法更加灵活.摄像机响应函数的求解实验及运动模糊图像去模糊实验结果表明,文中的求解摄像机响应函数模型和方法是准确的,利用该响应函数可提高对运动模糊的去除效果.     

模糊图像盲复原的鲁棒自适应滤波算法

运动模糊图像盲复原是图像处理中的关键问题之一.由于模糊信息估计的复杂性以及图像噪声的影响,现有算法往往难以做到高质量的图像复原.为改善模糊信息估计的效果,提出一种基于自适应线性滤波的改进算法.首先在原有模糊信息估计过程中引入自适应动态线性滤波以抑制噪声影响,达到改善模糊信息估计结果的目的,同时可以起到调整优化目标的作用,使原问题变得较容易求解,从而获得高质量的模糊信息估计;在此基础上提出了改进的重定权值split Bregman迭代法,用于获得模糊信息后求解原始图像的过程中,进一步改善模糊图像复原的效果.实验结果表明,与3种现有的模糊图像盲复原算法相比,该算法能更准确地估计模糊信息,对多数图像复原任务具有更好的鲁棒性,能有效地用于运动模糊图像复原任务.     

基于EM算法的混合模型医学图像分割

医学图像分割中的期望最大化(EM)算法在求解混合模型参数时存在局限性。为此,提出一种模糊约束的混合模型图像分割算法。该算法以像素的独立性假设为前提,在采用EM算法对模型参数进行求解的过程中,通过模糊集合论方法,引入像素空间信息。实验结果表明,该算法没有引入新的模型参数,能够保持独立混合模型的简单性,且具有自动模型选择能力,可以获得较理想的分割结果。     

部分模糊核已知的混合模糊图像复原算法

真实环境中得到的图像常会受到多种模糊降质过程的影响,导致成像质量下降,为此提出一种图像退化模型及相应的复原算法.与传统的级联方式不同,该算法假定模糊核函数是散焦与运动模糊的加权和形式;在散焦模糊给定的情况下,使用广义拉普拉斯分布作为运动模糊的统计模型,并在期望最大化(EM)算法框架下估计模糊核函数;最后利用估计的模糊核函数进行图像复原.实验结果表明,采用文中的复原算法能够较为准确地辨识出模糊核,提升了图像复原的效果.     

基于边缘先验模型的运动去模糊

从单幅运动模糊图像复原出清晰的图像,一直是数字图像处理领域中富有挑战的问题.基于边缘先验模型和小波分析提出了一种运动模糊退化图像的复原算法.在去模糊之前,对图像进行预处理,将噪声去除,用冲击滤波器增强边缘,并采用canny边缘检测获取清晰边缘作为先验模型,以此估计模糊核;然后在紧小波框架系统下,将清晰图像的稀疏性最大化,采用改进的分裂Bregman方法求解最优化问题,最终得到清晰的图像.实验结果表明,相对于传统的盲复原算法,提出的方法可以有效地去除运动模糊.     

小波变换压缩图像的贝叶斯迭代后处理算法

提出一种Bayesian框架下的压缩图像后处理算法,去除压缩图像的模糊现象和“振铃”失真．与以往方法不同的是该算法考虑到了在高压缩比情况下的模糊效应,应用模糊过程加偏差来等效压缩过程,并提出了相应的后处理模型,采用交替迭代的方法进行求解,并讨论了参数的选取．实验结果表明,对于高压缩比小波变换的压缩图像,该算法在主观视觉效果和客观标准的评价上都取得了良好的效果．     

工业环境中运动目标检测的模糊自适应高斯背景模型方法

根据工业环境中成像环境差、图像模糊的特点，提出了一种对运动目标检测的模糊自适应高斯背景模型。首先建立3种主要背景状态下的模糊高斯背景模型；为了减少在线检测过程中的运算量，选择背景图像中一些独立、相对静止区域代替背景图像；最后用模糊识别的方法选择出合适的高斯背景模型。该算法不仅能够自适应环境的变化对背景图像的影响，而且满足实际生产过程中在线检测的要求。     

引入模糊因子的EM图像分割

基于有限高斯混合模型,在采用EM算法对混合模型参数求解的过程中,引入模糊因子,改善图像分割方法.该方法可以降低其对初选值的依赖和像素点值对混合模型分量间参数的干扰.结果表明,对含有高斯噪声影响的图像有较好的分割结果,目标图像的区域形状保持好、相对位置明确.     

结合迭代实边缘特性的图像复扩散增强算法

图像的复扩散是图像增强的一种有效方法.传统的复扩散算法在求解过程中利用迭代产生的虚部,即图像高斯卷积的拉普拉斯算子作为扩散控制因子.然而由于该因子的平滑、时间依赖以及二阶特性.图像在处理后会在边缘处形成带状模糊.为此,本文提出一种改进的结合了图像迭代实边缘特性的复扩散算法.实验结果显示,该算法可以更好的增强模糊图像的边缘和去除噪声.     

基于稀疏表示的单帧运动图像盲复原

提出一种基于稀疏表示的单帧运动盲复原方法,它充分利用自然图像中存在的各种先验知识进行求解。该方法分为模糊核估计和图像修复两个阶段。在估计模糊核时,它运用shock滤波器从模糊图像中预测出清晰边缘,以此指导全局图像的复原,并运用多尺度策略来解决大模糊核问题。在图像修复阶段,运用稀疏表示理论对复原图像进行降噪和重建,最终提高图像复原质量。实验结果表明,在不同噪声和模糊核条件下,该算法能有效消除运动模糊。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.