基于马尔可夫链的嵌入式内存预测分配算法

为了提高嵌入式系统内存动态分配效率,在分析经典内存分配算法和马尔可夫链预测原理的基础上,提出了一种嵌入式系统内存预测分配算法.该算法融合聚类分析法,利用内存分配的转移量统计信息及其概率矩阵对嵌入式系统内存动态分配进行预测.在实现中采用轻量级预测线程预测下一次申请的内存块大小,减少内存动态分配时等待内存创建的时间.通过增加预测线程的μC/OS-Ⅱ系统和未增加预测线程的μC/OS-Ⅱ系统进行对比实验,实验结果表明了该算法的可行性和高效性.     

实时系统中的动态内存分配算法

针对实时系统中的内存分配问题,分析实时系统应用程序的行为特点,提出一种使用双级离散表和双级索引位图相结合的动态内存分配方法。对于较小的内存分配请求,使用位图索引来加快速度并且降低内存分割的次数。对于较大内存块,使用双级离散表的方法降低内存碎片。实验表明,该方法具有很低的内存碎片率和确定的响应时间,适合实时性要求较高的系统。     

FreeRTOS内存管理方案的分析与改进

针对FreeRTOS内存管理方案分配时间不确定,切割次数较多,利用率低及合并机制不足等缺点,采用一种“精确切割”和“延时合并”相结合的策略以最大限度减少内存碎片,提高内存利用率。具体实现方法是在FreeRTOS中引入TLSF（Two-level Segregated Fit）算法数据结构,采用二级位图索引对动态内存进行管理,并改进TLSF算法的内存分配和释放过程;最后将改进的算法以及FreeRTOS移植到STM32开发平台上进行实验测试。测试结果表明该方法提高了FreeRTOS的内存分配速度,减少了内存碎片率。     

嵌入式实时动态内存管理机制

长时间持续运行的通信设备必须满足实时性、可靠性和高效性的需求,针对通信领域的该特点,提出一种嵌入式实时动态内存管理机制。该机制对嵌入式系统有限的内存资源进行统一再分配,为频繁申请和释放内存块的应用分配独立的内存空间。实验结果表明,该机制能实时地提高动态内存管理效率,减少内存碎片,保证系统的健壮性,还提供了内存越界和内存泄漏的检测手段。     

Buddy算法的μC/OS-Ⅱ高可靠内存管理方案

针对现有μC/OS-Ⅱ内存管理方案分配内存不灵活、可靠性不高的特点,提出一种适用于μC/OS-Ⅱ增强内存管理可靠性的方案.该方案借鉴Buddy算法的思想,将可用内存划分为一系列2的幂次方规模大小的内存块,申请小块内存得不到分配时可以将大块内存块平分后得到满足.回收内存块时,地址连续的相同大小的内存块可以合并成大内存块,...     

一种新的面向对象程序的内存管理器

设计并实现一种新的面向对象程序的内存管理器。使用混合数据结构分别处理小对象、中等对象和大对象,减少内存碎片。通过分布适合和位图适合算法,降低内存分配和释放的时间复杂度。采用边界标识技术加快相邻空闲块的合并,利用缓存技术和程序局部性原理提高内存请求的响应速度。实验结果表明,该管理器具有较快的响应速度以及较高的内存使用率。     

5月装机推荐配置

早期Linux的内存分配机制采用伙伴算法,当请求分配的内存大小为几十个字节或几百个字节时会产生内存碎片,严重消耗系统资源.现今采用Slab机制可以缓存物理空间的申请和回收,杜绝外部碎片的产生,降低内部碎片量.本文分析了Slab内存分配机制及其数据结构和接口函数,然后给出了Slab机制的实现.     

大型3D场景漫游系统内存管理

在大型3D场景漫游系统中,单个资源(如模型、纹理)所需内存较大且分配和释放频繁,为了防止内存碎片的产生并提高内存分配速度,提出了一种新型内存管理方法.根据程序需求首先划分出一块或多块大的虚拟内存区域,然后基于所划分的内存区域进行内存分配和回收管理.在该管理方法中,对于程序中的小资源,使用内存池;对于大的资源,则使用伙伴系统内存管理方法.实验结果表明,该内存管理方法高效且稳定.     

内存管理机制的高效实现研究

为了高效地管理内存,防止内存泄漏、越界访问等问题的出现,在分析传统动态内存管理机制的基础上,提出了一种基于Windows虚拟内存管理的高效动态内存管理机制.通过创建内存管理器来维护虚拟地址空间和处理内存申请和释放请求,改进了传统动态内存分配与回收算法,并在VC++6.0开发平台上实现了该动态内存管理机制.测试结果分析表明,该方法有效降低了申请与释放内存的时间耗费,减少了内存碎片的产生,提高了动态内存管理效率.     

一种适用嵌入式系统的自适应动态内存管理方案

实时性、可靠性、高效性的要求,使得许多嵌入式应用使用自己的内存管理方案。任何内存碎片的产生无疑都是对大块内存频繁分割造成的,适当减少对大块内存的分割,就会减少内存碎片的产生,但在减少分割内存块的同时又如何才能满足系统对内存的需求呢?文中在对当今最常用的两种内存分配算法分析的基础上提出一种新的适用于嵌入式系统的内存管理算法——自适应动态内存分配算法,重点就如何减少内存碎片,提高内存利用率,提出了新的构想与实现。望其成为嵌入式系统中内存管理算法的模板。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。