多用户 MIMO 多载波系统空时预编码技术的研究磁

多天线空时预编码技术利用信道状态信息能够有效地改善无线通信系统性能与吞吐量,成为未来无线移动通信领域研究的热点。根据发射端利用信道状态信息情况,预编码技术可分为完全信道预编码技术和部分信道预编码技术。文章主要研究了多用户 MIMO 多载波无线通信系统中空时预编码技术,研究了多用户 MIMO 多载波系统中空时预编码技术,文中还重点对基于码本的多用户 MIMO 预编码进行了研究。     

基于合作似然检测和球形译码的多用户多输入输出多跳中继系统

针对多输入输出(MIMO)系统在传输数据过程中的误码率(BER)和信道容量优化问题,提出一种基于合作似然检测和球形译码的多用户MIMO多跳中继系统。首先,该系统构建二阶协作的MIMO中继系统模型对信道数据的中继传输过程以及路径损耗、阴影衰落情况进行分析;接着,通过球形译码来推导出等效的最大似然规则进行对数正态阴影衰落检测;最后提出最大调和平均信道功率选择策略,基于相关性链路度量和最大信道功率阈值为用户选择误码率更小的接入链路,从而改善多用户MIMO系统的性能。实验仿真结果显示,与基于互信息最大化的多用户MIMO多跳中继系统以及基于解码转发和多入多出技术正交空时分组编码(STBC)的中继系统相比,该系统在数据传输过程中的平均比特误码率分别降低了27.4%和32.6%,平均信道容量分别提高了9.5%和12.7%,因此在减少误码率和提高信道容量上具有较好的效果。     

不同信道条件下MIMO空时编码技术的特性分析

为了分析多输入多输出（ MIMO）空时编码技术在不同信道条件下的性能优劣,研究了无线信道的衰落统计特性,对比了在Rayleigh信道、Rician信道和Nakagami信道条件下,正交频分复用空时块编码（ STBC-OFDM）、垂直空时分层码（ V-BLAST）及空时格型码（ STTC）的系统误码率。通过仿真分析结果表明：STBC-OFDM系统在衰减指数为5的Nakagami信道条件,系统误码率最低,Rician信道次之,Rayleigh信道最高,而且当系统误码率为10－3时,其所需的信噪比（ SNR）分别为7,9,11 dB;但对于V-BLAST和STTC系统,随着信噪比的增加,不同的信道条件对系统误码率的影响各有优劣。     

一种基于MIMO预编码的多径分离方法

针对选择性MIMO信道多经分离问题,提出了一种基于预编码的收发联合设计方案。该方案中的每路发射矢量及其解码矩阵处于其他时延信道的共同零空间,把选择性信道多径分离为空间正交的若干平坦子信道,从而使平坦信道的预编码研究成果可以直接应用于选择性MIMO信道,解决了传统Z域处理中未消除ISI的问题,复杂度为Z域方法的L(多径数目)倍。仿真结果表明,该算法具有较好容量性能和误码率性能。     

基于IMT-Advanced信道模型的室内MIMO性能研究*

LTE-Advanced与多输入多输出（MIMO）技术的结合极大地改善了MIMO在不同信道环境下的传输质量和可靠性。为此,在基于IMT-Advanced几何分布统计信道模型基础上,建立LTE-Advanced通信系统的MIMO信道模型,深入研究室内多天线系统的性能。针对MIMO发射分集技术,研究在瑞利衰落信道下不同调制技术对系统误码率（BER）性能的影响,并通过理论验证仿真结果的可行性,进而在非视距（NLOS）情况下,结合不同载波频率的路径损耗,理论分析不同载波频率对系统误码率性能的影响。仿真结果表明,IMT-Advanced室内信道模型只适用于8 GHz以下的低载波频段通信。     

室外3D散射信道中ULA/UCA天线MIMO性能分析

为更好地解决室外三维(3D)空间域的移动通信问题,提出了一种新型室外3D空间域散射信道统计模型,主要研究MIMO多天线系统的接收性能。在宏蜂窝小区移动通信环境中,模型能够估计多径衰落信道的重要空间信道参数,首先推导了多径衰落信道的到达角(Angle of Arrival,AOA)概率密度分布。此外模型在设置多输入多输出(Multiple Input Multiple Output,MIMO)多天线的均匀线性阵列(Uniform Linear Array,ULA)和圆形阵列(Uniform Circular Array,UCA)的基础上,分析了波达信号不同方位角分布对散射信道中MIMO性能的影响因素,包括MIMO空间相关性、信道容量以及天线阵列配置。数值仿真结果与3D多径衰落信道模型对比,表明本模型的信道参数估计符合理论和实际的通信环境,为评估MIMO天线接收系统与仿真无线通信系统提供了创新性的研究。     

分层块空时分组码的简化译码方法

为四发射天线的多输入多输出(Multi-input multi-output,MIMO)系统提出一种高速率全分集的分层块空时(Layered block space-time,LBST)分组码.该空时分组码能够提供2符号/信道利用的传输率,为了能够正确地译码,接收天线数必须不少于2个.本文分析了LBST分组码的编码结构与简化的译码算法,并对其性能进行了仿真分析.结果表明:本文方案与其他空时分组码相比较,具有一定的优越性,并且采用简化的译码算法可以很大程度上降低计算复杂度.     

一种结合相移分集技术的空频编码技术

在第三代移动通信系统中,空频编码技术是抗信道衰落和提高系统容量的一种新的编码方法.但是,随着发射天线数目的增加,存在编码速率不能达到1,且译码比较复杂的问题.为了解决这两个问题,在介绍简单空频分组编码原理的基础上.针对四根发射天线,提出了一种结合一般的空频编码技术与相移分集技术的空频编码方法,编码速率可以达到1.译码采用简单的最大似然译码,算法得到了简化.在瑞利衰落信道条件下对其进行了仿真,仿真结果表明,提高了信号传输的可靠性,性能优于一般的空频编码方法,是适合移动通信的一种可靠的编码技术.     

基于特征值分布的自适应MIMO接收方法

多输入多输出(MIMO)系统性能优劣依赖于信道的相关特性,空分复用技术适用于低相关信道,而波束形成技术适用于高相关信道。依据上述信道相关特性,提出一种基于信道特征值分布的自适应MIMO接收方法。该方法以均匀圆形天线阵列结构为基础,能够根据信道相关情况动态选择接收方式:当角度扩展较大时,选用传统MIMO接收方式(称为天线MIMO方式);当角度扩展较小、多径独立时,选用基于智能天线的多波束接收方式(称为波束MIMO方式)。分析角度扩展、多径对信道特征值分布的影响,并给出自适应MIMO接收切换的条件。仿真结果表明,该方法能够适应复杂的无线环境,误码率较低,性能更加稳定可靠。     

MIMO/SA多天线空时信道建模

运用相关矩阵法,通过计算2根天线之间的相关系数、多输入多输出(MIMO)的相关矩阵,得到MIMO信道系数矩阵,在其中加入智能天线(SA)的导向向量和赋形向量,得到MIMO/SA矩阵,由此实现对MIMO/SA多天线空时信道的建模。利用Matlab搭建一个仿真平台,从空间、时间、频率3个方面分析MIMO/SA多天线信道模型,结果表明,该模型具有较好的信道方向性增益,信道的空时频特性符合3GPP 25.996的要求,可用于MIMO/SA多天线的设计、优化和信道容量分析。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.