Al-Cu纳米薄膜时效处理后沉淀相显微组织的TEM表征

传统块体Al-Cu合金过饱和固溶体在进行适当工艺条件下的时效处理时，将会出现过饱和固溶体→G．P．（Ⅰ）区→G．P．（Ⅱ）区（或θ＂）→θ＇→稳定的θ相的沉淀序列。但最近的文献报道，纳米Al-Cu合金在退火过程中将不会析出中间亚稳相，稳定的θ（Al2Cu）相将直接从母相晶粒中析出，且主要分布在晶界或三叉晶界处。α（Al）为面向立方晶体（a=0．404nm），θ（Al2Cu）为复杂四方结构（a=0．607nm，c=0．487nm）。对于纳米Al-Cu晶体材料在固溶温度以下等温时效过程中析出的沉淀相微结构的研究尚未见文献报道。本文用透射电子显微镜（TEM）研究不同Cu含量的纳米Al-Cu合金薄膜材料经过时效处理后的沉淀相微结构。     

Al-Cu-Fe合金中ε1相的结构和以B2为基的若干相的电子衍射鉴定

采用扫描电子显微镜观察和透射电子显微分析等方法，研究了Al—Cu—Fe合金中以B2为基的若干合金相的成分和结构。根据ε1(Cu3Al2)的电子衍射的实验照片，提出了ε1(Cu3Al2)相的结构模型。通过对照模拟计算的与实验的选区电子衍射花样，对Al-Cu—Fe合金中的β相、τ3相、ε1相和η2相进行了鉴定，讨论了如何由选区电子衍射花样的特征来区别这些相。     

定数截尾Weibull分布下恒定应力加速寿命试验统计分析

设产品寿命服从Weibull分布，尺度参数为η＞0，形状参数为m＞0，在加速应力水平Si下，加速方程为Inηi=a＋bφ（Si）（i=1，2，…，k）本文绘出了定数截尾Weibull分布各应力下形状参数mi的极大似然估计的一种改进迭代算法，利用[1]类似的方法对各应力下所得估计进行修正，后对各应力下mi的估计值进行加权平均得m的近似无偏估计；利用定数截尾Weibull分布尺度参数ηi的极大似然估计，通过Weibull分布与指数分布之间不关系以及指数分布的性质，求得各应力下尺度参数的自然对数Inηi的近似无偏估计，利用Inηi的估计值与加速方程，建立线性模型，利用Gauss－Markov定理得加速方程系数a和b的近似最佳线性无偏估计值．通过模型由此可求出正常应力S0下各种可靠性特征量的估计．模拟结果表明本方法是具有较高的精度，且本方法计算比较简单，在工程上比较适用．     

3-硝基-4-多氟烷氧基苯甲酸酯类液晶的合成和相变研究

设计并合成了一类新的3－硝基－4－多氟烷氧基苯甲酸4－[4-n－庚氧基－2，3-氟亚苯基乙炔基]苯酚酯液晶，并通过差示扫描量热法（DSC）和偏光显微镜对其相变行为进行了观察和测试。发现当氟碳链较短时，化合物呈现向列相和近晶A相，氟碳链增长后，化合物只呈现近晶A相。     

Cu／AI比对P型透明导电铜铝氧薄膜性能的影响

采用将反应物沉淀后涂层及高温固相反应，在石英玻璃衬底上沉积了Cu／Al原子比不同的P型透明导电铜铝氧化物。XRD分析结果表明，样品的成分中包含黑铜矿结构的CuO、铜铁矿结构的CuAlO2、尖晶石结构的CuAl2O4和刚玉结构的Al2O3；X光能谱（EDAX）测试结果表明，样品中的Cu／Al比例随原料中Cu／Al比的增加而增加；导电类型测试表明，利用本方法制备的样品均是P型；电阻率测试表明，当Cu／Al原子比在1．0～1．5变化时试样的电阻率较低，而且电阻率变化不大。     

急冷Al-Fe合金中Al_(13)Fe_4相及其十次孪晶

利用philips EM-420电镜,我们研究了成分为Al—14—22at％Fe的急冷合金,发现十次准晶相、二十面体相和十次孪晶共存,其中孪晶被证实为Al_(13)Fe_4,通常也被称为是Al_3Fe或θ相。Al_(13)Fe_4结构早已由Black等人确定为单斜,空间群为C~2/m,点阵常数为a=1.5489nm,b=0.8083nm,c=1.2476nm,β=107.71°。     

激光陶瓷中的缺陷(一)

激光陶瓷中的各类缺陷,包括晶界、微气孔、杂质、非主晶相、表面缺陷和色心等,构成了激光陶瓷中主要的光散射和吸收中心,并对材料的热学和力学性质产生影响。讨论了各类缺陷的特点、形成机制和抑制方法。此外,还探讨了TM^3＋Al2O3（TM=Cr,Ti）透明陶瓷的掺杂问题以及制备Cr^4＋Al2O3和高浓度Ti^3＋.Al2O3激光陶瓷的可行性。     

激光熔覆Al2CrFeCoCuNixTi高熵合金涂层的组织及耐蚀性能

采用激光熔覆工艺在Q235钢表面制备了Al2CrFeCoCuNixTi高熵合金涂层,分析了Al2CrFeCoCuNixTi高熵合金涂层的组织结构,测试了Al2CrFeCoCuNixTi高熵合金涂层在0.5 mol/L HNO3溶液及0.5 mol/L HCl溶液中的耐蚀性能。结果表明:Al2CrFeCoCuNixTi高熵合金涂层主要分为熔覆区、结合区、热影响区,熔覆区组织主要由等轴晶组成,等轴晶上分布有微米尺度的粒子;合金相结构简单,由体心立方（BCC）及面心立方（FCC）结构组成;Cr元素和Ni元素的钝化作用及由Al元素形成Al2O3或Al2O3H2O膜使得Al2CrFeCoCuNixTi高熵合金涂层在0.5 mol/L HNO3溶液及0.5 mol/L HCl溶液中具有较好的耐蚀性能,自腐蚀电流密度与基体Q235钢相比降低一两个数量级;0.5 mol/L HCl溶液中的Cl-会穿透Ni0.5高熵合金涂层表面形成的钝化膜,出现轻微小孔腐蚀。     

激光陶瓷中的缺陷(二)

激光陶瓷中的各类缺陷,包括晶界、微气孔、杂质、非主晶相、表面缺陷和色心等,构成了激光陶瓷中主要的光散射和吸收中心,并对材料的热学和力学性质产生影响。讨论了各类缺陷的特点、形成机制和抑制方法。此外,还探讨了TM^3＋：Al2O3（TM=Cr,Ti）透明陶瓷的掺杂问题以及制备Cr^4＋：Al2O3和高浓度Ti^3＋：Al2O3激光陶瓷的可行性。     

CB工业废水多种金属离子的处理

在PCB生产过程中存在有大量的工业废水。这些工业废水大多舍有Cd3＋、Fe3＋、Cu3＋、Al3＋、Sn2＋、Pb＋金属离子,这些工业废水若不经过任何处理直接排放在大地或河流,将会对自然环境造成污染．下面就如何利用FeCl3蚀刻废液和电镀（Sn、Pb、Cu）等废液本身作混凝剂,进行PCB工业废水的处理,以达到国家污水排放标准即受到良好的效果。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.