瓜儿豆胶接枝AMPS在CO_2环境中对J55钢的缓蚀作用

通过使用瓜儿豆胶和2-丙烯酰氨基-2-甲基丙磺酸为原料合成了瓜儿豆胶接枝AMPS(GGAMPS),并通过傅里叶红外光谱、失重法、电化学方法和扫描电子显微镜等方法考察其在3.5%NaCl的饱和CO_2溶液中对J55钢片的缓蚀作用及其表面形貌,并通过等温吸附模型研究了GG-AMPS在J55钢表面的吸附类型。结果表明,GG-AMPS对J55钢在含3.5%NaCl的饱和CO_2溶液中具有一定的缓蚀作用,能够有效抑制J55钢的腐蚀;其缓蚀效率随着缓蚀剂含量的增大而提高,且浓度一定时,温度升高,缓蚀效率逐渐下降;当加入800mg/L缓蚀剂时,缓蚀效率分别根据电化学阻抗谱和极化曲线计算所得达到了80.40%和89.23%;通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)也表明,GG-AMPS的缓蚀效果良好;该缓蚀剂在J55钢表面的吸附是自发过程,主要为物理吸附。     

酸性盐雾环境对典型金属材料的腐蚀研究

对典型金属材料H62、GCr15、316L在酸性盐雾环境中的腐蚀进行研究。镀金厚度影响H62的耐酸性盐雾腐蚀能力,铜基1.26μm镀金层表面存在微孔,使中间镍镀层暴露在酸性盐雾环境中,吸附在微孔处的酸性液膜对中间镍镀层进行腐蚀,随着腐蚀的发展,最终对基材造成腐蚀;铜基3.17μm镀金层杜绝了中间镍镀层和基材与外界的接触,从而避免了材料腐蚀。铬Cr含量影响合金钢的耐腐蚀能力,GCr15中Cr含量较低,形成的氧化铬钝化膜无法完全覆盖基材表面,使Fe与酸性液膜中的O₂反应,造成材料腐蚀;316L中Cr含量较高,形成的氧化铬钝化膜可以有效覆盖基材表面,避免材料腐蚀。     

亚硝酸盐及其代用品的试验应用

亚硝酸盐具有成本低、缓蚀效率高、易于获得、性能稳定和使用方便等优点,因此,它作为金属缓蚀剂在机械制造工业得到了广泛,的应用。其缓蚀作用机理是抑制金属的阳极过程,使金属表面形成完整致密的氧化膜,处于钝态,从而防止金属的腐蚀。所以亚硝酸盐为阳极型缓蚀剂。     

预膜时间、腐蚀温度和介质流速对油井管缓蚀剂缓蚀性能的影响

采用咪唑啉类缓蚀剂对P110S油管钢进行预膜处理和腐蚀试验,研究了预膜时间(0.54h)、腐蚀温度(30120℃)和介质流速(212m·s~(-1))对缓蚀性能的影响。结果表明:随缓蚀剂含量增加和预膜时间延长,缓蚀率增大,油管钢表面成膜效果提高;缓蚀剂质量浓度为300mg·L~(-1),预膜时间为2h时的缓蚀效果较好;随腐蚀温度升高,缓蚀剂的缓释率降低,预膜2h试样的耐腐蚀性能先降低,当温度升到80℃时耐腐蚀性最差,缓蚀剂开始失效;随介质流速增大,预膜2h试样的腐蚀速率逐渐增大;当介质流速高于10m·s~(-1)时,预膜试样发生严重腐蚀,该缓蚀剂不再适用。     

腐蚀产物膜对X70管线钢焊缝海底腐蚀行为的影响

将X70管线钢焊缝在模拟南海海泥溶液中浸泡腐蚀10,24,72,120 h后,通过扫描电镜和能谱仪分析了其表面腐蚀产物的形貌及组成,通过慢应变速率拉伸试验和动电位极化试验研究了腐蚀产物膜对焊缝腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明:随着腐蚀时间的延长,焊缝表面腐蚀产物膜逐渐增厚,腐蚀72 h时形成致密的腐蚀产物膜,腐蚀120 h后膜...     

近海环境下机加工车间工件防锈问题浅析

为了提高近海环境下机加工车间工件的防锈能力,依据青岛发动机工厂的实际生产情况,对气候潮湿的滨海地区工件防锈问题进行浅析。从钢铁表面的腐蚀机理出发,研究缓蚀机理和方法,分析了近海环境引起工件锈蚀的主要原因,针对青岛发动机工厂金属腐蚀的特点,结合日常的生产经验,得出机加工工件防锈的主要控制措施,对发动机产品品质提升和成本控制起到了重要作用。     

温度对UNS N08825合金在高含H2S环境中耐腐蚀性能的影响

在不同温度(80,90,110,132℃)、高压、高含H₂S和高含氯离子环境中对UNS N08825合金进行了72 h浸泡和电化学腐蚀试验,研究了温度对合金耐腐蚀性能的影响,分析了其影响机理。结果表明：在80℃下试验合金几乎不发生腐蚀,90,110,132℃下合金表面出现黑色腐蚀产物,并且110,132℃下的腐蚀产物增多且呈疏松多孔特征;随着温度升高,合金表面的点蚀坑数量增多且深度增加,最大点蚀速率和均匀腐蚀速率均增大;随着温度升高,试验合金的自腐蚀电位、电荷转移电阻和钝化膜电阻减小,自腐蚀电流密度增大。当温度低于90℃时,合金表面钝化膜均匀致密,点蚀敏感性低,具有较好的耐腐蚀性能;当温度不低于90℃时,元素硫的水解加剧,合金表面钝化膜发生破坏,点蚀更易发生,耐腐蚀性能变差。     

硝酸镧改性无铬达克罗涂层的腐蚀行为与防腐机理

以锌粉、铝粉为原料,硝酸镧为添加剂,制备了硝酸镧改性无铬达克罗涂层,研究了改性涂层在质量分数5%NaCl溶液中浸泡后的腐蚀产物物相组成和微观形貌,探究了涂层的腐蚀行为和防腐机理。结果表明：在NaCl溶液中浸泡10 d后,涂层中部分富锌相优先腐蚀形成Zn₅(OH)₈Cl₂·H₂O,表面呈蜂窝状形貌;浸泡30 d后,腐蚀产物增多,生成Zn₅(OH)₆(CO₃)₂,表面呈海绵状结构;浸泡60 d后,腐蚀产物逐渐溶解、剥落,表面呈三维多孔网络结构。涂层的防腐机理包括腐蚀产物和稀土钝化膜的自修复作用、有机硅烷钝化膜和片状锌铝粉分层堆叠的物理屏蔽作用、锌和铝金属的牺牲阳极作用以及稀土钝化作用和缓蚀剂的缓释作用。     

某油井P110油管腐蚀穿孔原因

西部油田某油井油管发生严重腐蚀甚至穿孔。通过宏观形貌和显微组织观察、化学成分分析、硬度测试、拉伸和冲击性能测试、腐蚀产物检测等方法对油管失效原因进行了分析。结果表明:油管在含Cl^-、H2S、CO2酸性环境下发生了均匀腐蚀和局部腐蚀。均匀腐蚀由H2S-CO2-H2O(Cl^-)体系引起的析氢腐蚀所致;而CaCO3沉积造成的微电偶效应以及Fe^2+与地层水中Cl^-的水合作用导致了油管的局部腐蚀穿孔。建议油井管材采用具有一定抗硫性的P110-3Cr钢或耐蚀性能更优的钢,并添加缓蚀阻垢剂进行防护。     

初轧机压下系统润滑油品高层次换代试验研究

润滑油添加剂复配技术的迅速发展,使润滑机理发生了质的变化,过去蜗轮蜗杆油的关健指标是:增加在金属表面的吸附能力。新的概念是:在接触表面上“原位”生成保护膜(聚合膜、MoS_2膜、转移膜等),减少甚至防止金属损伤。本研究在这个机理指导下,研制出磨损寿命可以成倍增长的蜗轮蜗杆油。     

Erosion–corrosion of engineering steels—Can it be managed by use of chemicals?

One significant contributory factor in the degradation of both pipelines and downhole tubulars in the oil and gas industry is erosion–corrosion. An erosion–corrosion investigation was carried out with three different steels—carbon steel, martensitic stainless steel and superduplex stainless steel. The materials were chosen to represent “active” and “passive” corrosion materials and are the same materials used in completions. Tests were carried out under three different regimes spanning a range of fluid velocities to simulate the severity of the mechanical erosion effect. A commercial corrosion inhibitor was used to investigate the inhibitor ability to reduce damage due to erosion–corrosion. In each of the conditions, pure corrosion and combined erosion–corrosion were studied by electrochemical and gravimetric techniques. The experiments were conducted using a jet impingement rig capable of producing jet velocities up to 20 m/s in a CO₂-saturated environment with sand. Erosion–corrosion mechanisms were determined from microstructural studies by SEM and inhibitor adsorption tests. The paper shows that the inhibitor effectively reduced erosion–corrosion damage for carbon steel; it was only in severe erosion–corrosion conditions that inhibitor has any noticeable effect for martensitic stainless steel and there were no conditions where the inhibitor offered a benefit for the superduplex stainless steel.     

16MnR钢在含H2S液化石油气中服役后性能的变化

对未使用过的和在液化石油气环境中服役多年的16MnR钢的化学成分、力学性能和耐腐蚀性进行了对比研究。结果表明：服役过旧材料的化学成分没有发生明显变化,但力学性能有一定程度降低。在含有高浓度H2S的改性NACE溶液中,两种材料的全面腐蚀速率均较低,但新材料表面出现鼓泡而旧材料出现大量裂纹。     

Abrasion–Corrosion Behaviors of Steel–Steel Contact in Seawater Containing Abrasive Particles

Materials working in slurries containing seawater and abrasive particles degrade gradually because of the synergic effects of mechanical wear and electrochemical corrosion. In this study, the abrasion–corrosion behaviors of a steel–steel tribopair in an environment with artificial seawater and SiO₂/Al₂O₃ particles were investigated. Corrosion is responsible for surface degradation at low concentrations of SiO₂ particles, whereas abrasion is the primary cause for steel damage at high SiO₂ concentrations. When Al₂O₃ particles were used, abrasion was found to be the dominant factor for material loss at all concentrations. Results from this study indicate that at low concentrations of hard particles, abrasion–corrosion behavior is determined by the properties of particles.     

封隔器用橡胶密封材料在含H2S和CO2酸性环境中的适应性

随着高温、高压、含H₂S/CO₂油气田的不断开发,封隔器用橡胶材料的服役环境越来越苛刻。为研究橡胶密封材料在高温、高压含H₂S/CO₂环境中的适应性,在高压釜中模拟渤中19-6区块的地层环境,将氟硅、氟碳、氢化丁腈、四丙氟4种橡胶进行耐蚀性实验,采用扫描电子显微镜、电子拉力试验机、邵氏硬度计对橡胶材料暴露在模拟环境中前后的截面微观形貌、力学性能、硬度进行检测。实验结果表明：在模拟环境中橡胶的耐蚀性由高到低为氢化丁腈橡胶、四丙氟橡胶、氟碳橡胶、氟硅橡胶;氢化丁腈橡胶在模拟工况环境中性能最为稳定,这是由于其分子的不饱和键作为可硫化的交联点,在一定程度上增强了其耐腐蚀性能;四丙氟橡胶在气相中力学性能较液相中下降了约75%,CO₂的存在会加剧四丙氟橡胶的H₂S腐蚀;氟碳橡胶和氟硅橡胶腐蚀严重,不适合在该模拟工况下使用。     

16MnR钢在硝酸盐环境下应力腐蚀性能试验研究

用楔形张开加载(WOL)预裂纹试样研究了16MnR钢在硝酸盐环境中的抗应力腐蚀性能。测定了16MnR钢母材及焊接接头在硝酸盐环境下的临界应力强度因子KISCC和应力腐蚀裂纹扩展速率；同时研究了缓蚀剂、材质、溶液温度对16MnR钢应力腐蚀开裂的影响，结果表明，缓蚀剂谈明显的降低应力腐蚀敏感性，增加裂纹的孕育时间；焊接接头与母材相比，由于没有元素Ni的不良作用，具有较高的应力腐蚀抗力；16MnR钢的硝酸盐应力腐蚀敏感性随温度升高而降低。     

CO2 erosion–corrosion of pipeline steel (API X65) in oil and gas conditions—A systematic approach

A systematic study of pipeline steel (API X65) degradation due to erosion–corrosion containing sand in a CO₂ saturated environment has been carried out. This work focuses on the total material loss, corrosion, erosion and their interactions (synergy) as a function of environmental parameters (temperature, flow velocity and sand content) to enable the critical conditions, which move the damage mechanism from a flow-induced corrosion regime to erosion–corrosion regime, to be determined.The experimental results show that the effect of corrosion in enhancing erosion, often referred to as the synergy, is significant and accounts for a high proportion of the deviation of measured material loss from the prediction derived from established CO₂ corrosion models. Ways forward to improve erosion–corrosion prediction are discussed.     

镍-铬系涂层对锅炉管材高温持久强度的影响

对等离子喷涂NiCr—Cr3C2／Ni45Cr涂层的过热器管材12Cr2MowVTiB(钢研102)在现场运行3万h后取样,与无涂层锅炉管材及未运行过的原始锅炉管材进行了高温持久强度对比试验。结果表明：涂层锅炉管持久强度性能明显优于无涂层保护炉管,据此进一步分析讨论了燃煤烟气的热腐蚀对钢研102管材持久强度的影响及涂层防护机制。     

酸性环境用油气输送管线钢的研究进展

随着含H2S腐蚀介质的油气田越来越多,开发酸性环境用油气输送钢管势在必行。主要从H2S腐蚀机理、影响因素等方面综述了酸性服役条件下油气输送管线钢的研究进展,同时介绍了国内外抗酸性腐蚀油气输送管线钢的开发现状,提出今后应在管线钢抗硫化物应力腐蚀开裂研究和相应标准完善等方面作出进一步的探索。     

Corrosion inhibition of mild steel using Novel Bis Schiff’s Bases as corrosion inhibitors: Electrochemical and Surface measurement

Purpose: The aim of the present investigation is to evaluate the corrosion inhibiting properties of four novel synthesize compounds namely N¹,N^1′-(1,4-phenylene)bis(N⁴-(4-nitrobenzylidene)benzene-1,4-diamine) SB-I, N¹,N^1′-(1,4-phenylene)bis(N⁴-benzylidenebenzene-1,4-diamine) SB-II, N¹,N^1′-(1,4-phenylene)bis(N⁴-(4-methylbenzylidene)benzene-1,4-diamine) SB-III, N¹,N^1′-(1,4-phenylene)bis(N⁴-(4-methoxybenzylidene)benzene-1,4-diamine) SB-IV for mild steel in 1 M HCl. Corrosion inhibitors find wide application in industries during pickling of steel, descaling and oil well acidization. Inhibitors have attracted great attention due to cost effectiveness and simplicity of the methods. Method: Different experimental techniques such as weight loss, open circuit potential (OCP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization were used to evaluate the corrosion inhibition performance of SBs for mild steel in acid solution. After the corrosion experiments, the surface morphology of metal surface in the absence and presence of SBs were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Atomic force microscopy (AFM). Findings: The corrosion inhibition efficiency of SBs for mild steel are 71.42% (SB-I), 89.52 (SB-II), 92.85 (SB-III), 96.19 (SB-IV). Tafel polarization revealed that all the SBs behaved as mixed-type inhibitor but predominantly of cathodic type. The inhibition actions of these Schiff base molecules blocked the electrode surface by means of adsorption of the inhibitor molecule on metal surface, obeying the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. SEM/AFM studies of the metal surfaces confirm the protection of metal surface in presence of inhibitor as compared to the damaged surface in blank acid solution.