涤纶表面亲水改性研究进展

探讨了涤纶织物表面亲水改性方法的研究现状.详细综述了表面形态结构的物理改性、化学改性、表面接枝改性、复合整理法等目前主要的表面亲水改性方法,并分别介绍这些方法主要研究进展及其优缺点.认为:涤纶表面亲水改性是涤纶表面功能性整理的一部分;在不影响涤纶原有的性能下,低成本、无污染且耐久性好和设备要求低等特点将是最为理想的工业...     

石墨烯柔性导电改性涤纶织物的制备与性能

采用乙二胺（EDA）和氢氧化钠对涤纶织物进行改性，获得氨基化改性涤纶，再将改性涤纶浸渍氧化石墨烯（GO）溶液，涤纶表面的GO还原成还原氧化石墨烯（RGO）后得到具有导电性能的涤纶织物。采用扫描电镜（SEM）对导电涤纶进行表征，并进行耐洗和耐摩擦性能测试。研究结果表明，涤纶织物经EDA改性后对GO的吸附能力增强，织物导电性增加；改性涤纶的最佳导电整理工艺为GO溶液pH值6，5 g/L保险粉在95℃还原60min可使织物上GO较充分还原，改性涤纶织物的导电性随GO浓度的增大、还原温度的增加和还原时间的延长而增强，当GO为2g/L时，改性涤纶的表面电阻值降低至14.575 KΩ/cm。由SEM结果可知未经改性的涤纶织物表面光滑，经导电整理后织物表面覆盖一层石墨烯薄膜。     

石墨烯柔性导电涤纶织物的制备与性能

用乙二胺(EDA)和氢氧化钠对涤纶织物进行改性,得到氨基化改性涤纶。将改性涤纶浸渍氧化石墨烯(GO)溶液,涤纶表面的GO还原成还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)后得到具有导电性能的涤纶织物。采用SEM和Raman光谱对导电涤纶织物进行表征,并对其耐洗和耐摩擦性能进行了测试。结果表明,涤纶织物经150 mL EDA/L浴液和50 g/L氢氧化钠改性后对GO的吸附能力增强,织物导电性增加;改性涤纶的最佳导电整理工艺条件为:GO溶液质量浓度为2 g/L,pH=6,6 g/L保险粉在95℃还原60 min。在该条件下,织物上GO能够被较充分还原,改性涤纶的表面电阻值为14.575kΩ。SEM结果表明,未经改性的涤纶织物表面光滑,经导电整理后织物表面覆盖一层石墨烯薄膜;Raman光谱证实涤纶织物表面沉积了RGO,且织物上的GO被较充分还原。     

涤纶织物表面结构改性对其亲水性的影响

为了解决涤纶织物亲水性差、回潮率低、染色性差等问题,用涤纶碱减量和生物酶法对涤纶织物进行改性,研究了氢氧化钠浓度、抗静电剂SN、角质酶浓度、缓冲液、表面活性剂等因素对涤纶织物亲水性的影响。试验结果表明:涤纶碱减量中,在保证织物力学性能的情况下,与只加入氢氧化钠相比,同时加入抗静电剂SN的涤纶织物的回潮率更大。生物酶法中,在角质酶、非离子表面活性剂和缓冲液共同作用下,涤纶织物的回潮率有了显著提升。     

碳纤维/聚芳基乙炔复合材料界面改性方法的研究

为了改善碳纤维/聚芳基乙炔复合材料的界面性能,采用表面氧化、表面接枝、偶联剂、表面涂层等方法对碳纤维进行表面处理,探讨了各种方法对非极性聚芳基乙炔树脂基复合材料的界面改性效果。研究表明,纤维表面氧化处理后有利于碳纤维/聚芳基乙炔复合材料界面性能的改善,在此基础上通过表面接枝及表面偶联剂处理在纤维表面引入可与基体树脂发生反应的基团,可以达到非极性树脂基复合材料界面改性的目的。极性的高碳酚醛树脂可以更好地浸润氧化后的纤维表面,并且与聚芳基乙炔树脂在结构上相似,因此作为涂层处理纤维表面后可以明显提高材料的界面性能,该方法适于进行3D织物的改性处理,是较为理想的处理方案。     

有机氟硅改性聚丙烯酸酯乳液对涤纶织物的防水整理

通过无乳化剂乳液聚合和溶胶-凝胶的方法成功合成了有机氟硅改性聚丙烯酸酯乳液,将有机氟硅改性聚丙烯酸酯乳液应用于涤纶织物的防水功能整理,扫描电镜结果表明,经过整理后的涤纶织物表面形成了一层均匀的薄膜。X射线光电子能谱结果表明,乳液中的氟硅链富集在涤纶织物表面,降低了涤纶织物的表面能。经过有机氟硅改性聚丙烯酸酯乳液整理后的涤纶织物的水接触角由0°增大到152.26°,这使得涤纶织物获得了超疏水能力;经过30次水洗后水接触角仍大于90°,这说明涤纶织物表面形成的疏水薄膜具有良好的耐久性。     

亲水改性聚酯纤维的生产技术现状及市场前景

简述了纤维亲水-速干改性的基本原理,详细介绍了亲水改性聚酯纤维及织物的生产技术现状、产品市场前景。目前已经工业化生产的亲水改性聚酯纤维及织物总体上是通过化学、物理改性方法得到,具体的改性技术主要是共聚熔体改性直接纺丝、熔融共混直接纺丝、纤维表面改性(包括形态结构改性与表面接枝改性以及亲水性油剂上油处理),以及聚酯纤维织物的纤维素离子溶液表面改性、酶水解表面处理等。这些改性技术及相关产品将在直接纺涤纶民用长丝、直接纺涤纶棉型短纤维、非织造布以及技术纺织品等领域发挥升级换代、开拓市场的作用,符合聚酯纤维产业链可持续发展战略。     

含磷聚硅氧烷涂覆涤纶织物的结构与性能研究

以甲基三乙氧基硅烷、硅溶胶为成膜剂,磷酸酯M102B为阻燃剂,采用溶胶-凝胶方法制备含磷聚硅氧烷阻燃涂层剂,用于涤纶织物的表面涂覆处理,并对阻燃涤纶织物的结构与性能进行表征。结果表明:随着涂层剂涂覆量的增加,织物的阻燃性能提高,但织物的柔软性能和手感下降;当涂覆量为50.79 g/m2时,涤纶织物的续燃时间为3.7 s,损毁长度为3.5 cm,达到一级阻燃效果;经涂层剂整理的涤纶织物耐水洗性优良,洗涤20次后仍具有一级阻燃效果;涂层剂对涤纶的化学结构、热稳定性及力学性能影响不大。     

ZrC和Al_2O_3改性涤纶织物的制备及其抗紫外线性能

分别采用纳米材料ZrC和Al2O3,运用母粒法生产改性涤纶,讨论了改性涤纶的强度、伸长和形态特征,并测试了其织物的断裂强力和抗紫外线性能。试验结果表明:与普通涤纶相比,改性涤纶的强度和断裂伸长率没有明显改变,丝表面比较光洁,没有发现大块的团聚现象;改性涤纶织物的断裂强力和断裂伸长率与普通涤纶织物相比也没有明显改变,但比普通涤纶织物具有更好的抗紫外线性能。     

硅烷改性氟代聚丙烯酸酯乳液的合成及其应用

在阳/非离子表面活性剂及引发剂作用下,将甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯、甲基丙烯酸十二醇酯、丙烯酸羟丙酯、甲基丙烯酸二甲氨乙酯、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷进行乳液共聚,制得了硅烷改性的阳离子氟代聚丙烯酸酯乳液(FL-HDV)。用红外光谱(FT-IR)和核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)对FLHDV主组分的结构进行了表征,用X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)对乳液的成膜表面成分进行分析和表征,并讨论了硅烷改性前后及不同的整理工艺对其在涤纶织物上应用性能的影响。结果表明,与未用硅烷改性的氟代聚丙烯酸酯乳液(FLDH)对比,硅烷改性可以提高含氟聚合物的交联度,进而增加织物的拒水拒油性。XPS分析和接触角测定结果表明,在涤纶纤维表面明显存在有FLHDV膜,使得纤维与空气的界面上富集着疏水的含氟链段,而硅氧基团与纤维表面结合,从而赋予涤纶良好的拒水拒油性。在不同的工艺条件下,一浸一轧工艺处理的织物具有更高的拒水拒油等级,且弯曲刚度略低,柔软度较好。     

Enhancing hygrothermal resistance of aeronautical carbon fabric/epoxy composites via air plasma processing

Air plasma processing is introduced as a surface modification technique for carbon fibers to enhance the hygrothermal resistance of carbon fabric/epoxy composites. On carbon fiber surface subjected to 4-min plasma processing, there are 37.6% of carbon species present as –C–O–C groups and 9.3% of carbon species as –COOH groups. The moisture adsorption behavior of composites can be described by Fick’s law. Increase in temperature accelerates the initial moisture adsorption rate and results in a higher diffusion coefficient. The decreasing interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of composites is mainly ascribed to the loss of adhesion at the fiber/matrix interface. A lower equilibrium moisture content of composites is caused by air plasma processing, which leads to the improved interfacial bonding strength and the higher retention rate of ILSS of carbon fabric/epoxy composites. The interface sensitivity and temperature dependence of moisture adsorption for carbon fabric/epoxy composites are discussed. The results presented herein demonstrate an effective strategy for enhancing hygrothermal resistance of carbon fiber-reinforced composites.     

碳纤维表面处理的新方法

碳纤维表现处理是为了改善表面形态结构和表面化学环境,提高表面能,强化与基体树脂两相界面之间的粘接,从而达到提高复合材料层间剪切强度（ILSS）的目的。     

LaPO4 coating on alumina-based fiber: Strength retention of fiber and improvement of interfacial performances

The characteristics of the interface are the key factors that determine the mechanical properties and fracture behavior of fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites. Design and preparation of coatings which can preserve fiber strength and maintain appropriate interfacial bonding strength are of great challenges. LaPO₄ coating is a promising weak interface coating for oxide fiber reinforced oxide ceramic matrix composites. Through this coating, the toughening mechanism of the composite such as fiber pulling out and fiber debonding is triggered. The LaPO₄ coating was deposited on the surface of alumina-based fibers by a solution precursor heterogeneous precipitation method. The effects of different precursors and different deposition temperatures on fiber strength were studied, and the mechanism of the strength degradation of the coated fiber was analyzed. It was found that the fibers coated with phytic acid precursor and deposited at 90 °C had the highest tensile strength compared to other coated fibers. The retention of strength is attributed to its loosely stacked coating. Besides, a single fiber pullout test was carried out to evaluate the effect of the coating on the interface of the composites. The results show that the composites coated by depositing citric acid precursor and phytic acid precursor at 90 °C can reduce the interfacial bonding strength by 32.5% and 46.7%, respectively compared to uncoated composites. This study has potential application value in the preparation of ceramic matrix composites used in oxidation and high temperature environments.     

Effect of bio-alkyd resin oil content and viscosity on the adhesion of EPDM to polyester fabric

Three types of bio-alkyd resins varies in their oil content and viscosity were added to EPDM rubber mix loaded by three bonding system consisting of Hexamethylenetetramine, Resorcinol and Hydrated silica (HRH). The mixes were charged by certain amount of thermal carbon black. Rubber dough was spread on polyester sheet fabric. The peel strength was used to measure the adhesion strength. The rubber-proofed fabric subjected to UV irradiation at different period of times. The dielectric constant, volume resistivity, thermal stability, water and air permeability of the various rubber coated fabric were examined. The addition of the bio-alkyd resin improved the various mechanical and physical properties of the rubber coated fabric materials. The suggested mechanism of bio-alkyd resin between EPDM and polyester fabric was also studied.     

Coating of jute with natural rubber

Jute fabric was coated with natural rubber to develop double‐texture rubberized waterproof fabric and fabric‐reinforced rubber sheeting for hospitals. The vulcanization of such natural‐rubber‐coated flexible composites at 120°C for 3 h produced optimum effects. The jute/natural‐rubber composite was much superior to a conventional polyester/natural‐rubber composite for producing such double‐texture rubberized fabric with respect to the fabric‐to‐natural‐rubber adhesion, breaking strength, tear strength, abrasion resistance, puncture resistance, and biodegradability. For fabric‐reinforced rubberized sheeting, the jute/natural‐rubber composite was superior to a conventionally used cotton/natural‐rubber composite with respect to the fabric‐to‐natural‐rubber adhesion, breaking strength, tear strength, and abrasion resistance. However, for both applications, the jute‐based products were commonly found to be less extensible, heavier, and thicker. Unsaturation in the lignin fraction of jute established a chemical linkage with the unsaturation of natural rubber via sulfur at the jute/natural‐rubber interface. An examination of the surface morphology of uncoated and coated jute fabrics by scanning electron microscopy revealed a good degree of deposition and filling even in the intercellular regions of jute by a cohesive mass of natural rubber, which remained unseparated from the fiber, when mechanical force was applied. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 484–489, 2005     

涂层对速凝3D打印水泥砂浆力学性能的影响

3D打印砂浆普遍存在层间界面粘结较弱、抗折强度较低的问题,而膨胀水泥浆涂层涂覆于砂浆表面可产生表层压应力,进而提升其抗折强度,作为界面剂涂覆于层间可同时增强其界面粘结强度。本文通过将硫铝酸盐水泥与膨胀剂混合而成的涂层涂覆于速凝3D打印砂浆的表面与层间,研究了该涂层对不掺纤维及掺0.5%(体积分数)玄武岩纤维3D打印砂浆试件力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,涂覆层间涂层对无纤维与掺纤维速凝3D打印砂浆的层间界面粘结强度提升率分别为21.4%、12.2%,同时对其抗压强度也有一定提升作用。仅涂覆表面涂层与仅涂覆层间涂层对3D打印砂浆的抗折强度提升效果相当;同时涂覆表面及层间涂层对3D打印砂浆的抗折强度提升效果最显著,与无纤维、掺纤维的无涂层试件相比,提升率最高分别可达44.2%、23.2%。涂层对于无纤维3D打印试件层间粘结强度及抗折强度的提升效果优于掺纤维试件。     

On the shock-based determination of the adhesive strength at a substrate-coating interface

Evaluating the bonding strength at the interface between two layers is an issue of considerable practical interest for a wide variety of engineering applications involving coatings, such as thermal protective ceramics coated on engine blades. Spallation under laser driven shock loading is one of the experimental means to test interface debonding. However, numerical simulations are usually needed to infer a quantitative value of the bonding strength from such tests, where the coating free surface velocity is usually the only measurable variable. In this paper, the analysis of the propagation and interactions of compression and release waves leading to spall fracture in a shock-loaded material is detailed, then it is extended to a substrate-coating system. Different cases are considered, depending on the acoustic impedances of the substrate and coating materials and on the duration of the loading pressure pulse with respect to the wave transit time through the coating thickness. In each case, the interfacial strength can be analytically estimated from the velocity variations without resorting to numerical models.     

UHMWPE纤维表面改性技术的研究进展

超高相对分子质量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）纤维以其优异的性能而成为一种重要的高科技纤维品种，但由于本身的结构特点，导致纤维与基体之间的界面粘接性能较差而限制了其应用。通过液相氧化法、等离子体处理法等各种方法对UHMWPE纤维表面进行处理，可不同程度改善其界面粘结性能。本文详细介绍了UHMWPE纤维的表面改性方法及其进展。     

三维石英织物增强氮化硅基复合材料的制备及其力学性能

以分子结构单元为[SiH2NH]n的全氢聚硅氮烷作先驱体，采用聚合物浸渍裂解法制备了三维石英织物增强氮化硅基复合材料（3DSiO2f／Si3N4）。研究了复合材料的致密化工艺与力学性能。结果表明：全氢聚硅氮烷与石英纤维润湿性好，浸渍效率高，陶瓷产率高；经5个浸渍裂解周期后复合材料密度达1．96g／cm^3，孔隙率为10．9％，复合材料室温弯曲强度为33．5MPa，弹性模量为16．3GPa。由断口形貌看出：材料呈现脆性断裂，无纤维拔出现象，纤维与基体发生了较强的界面结合，基体内部和纤维表面均出现微裂纹。界面结合过强是导致3DSiO2f／Si3N4复合材料力学性能不佳的主要原因。     

Improving bonding strength of metal-plastic interface through multilevel microporous undercut structure

The metal-plastic combination is widely used in frontier fields such as energy storage technology and aerospace. This study proposes two metal surface treatment processes for metal-plastic composite injection molding. The first only involves the chemical treatment, whose interfacial bonding strength reaches 10.24 MPa. In the second, the plasma treatment is added to the chemical treatment process to increase the interface bonding strength to 17.58 MPa. The characterization result shows that the plastic is injected into the undercut microstructures to form a physical bolting force due to the countless microstructures after the metal surface treatment. Through the step-by-step study of the surface treatment process, it is found that hydrochloric acid solution causes a large-scale microstructure to appear on the metal surface, and the undercut nanostructure is obtained through the plasma treatment. This multilevel microporous undercut structure of micro-nano bonding is beneficial to the formation of physical bolting force at the interface, thereby achieving high bonding strength of the interface. At the same time, we also confirmed the relationship between the injection process, annealing parameters, and interfacial bonding strength. When the plastic was injected into the multilevel microporous undercut structure at an injection pressure of 110 MPa and annealed at 110°C for 4 h after molding, the maximum interface bonding strength of 17.58 MPa would be obtained. This process provides a new solution for engineering applications in metal-plastic bonding.