卷烟中添加α-紫罗兰酮对主流烟气挥发性成分影响的研究

为了准确评价香料单体α-紫罗兰酮在卷烟燃吸中对卷烟主流烟气的影响,了解其对卷烟的加香效果,采用吸烟机捕集卷烟抽吸过程中的主流烟气,用GC-MS分析了含有添加剂和空白卷烟主流烟气中的挥发性成分、为α-紫罗兰酮的致香作用提供更加科学的依据,为其在卷烟中的应用提供参考、     

沟槽滤嘴对卷烟香味物质的截留率研究

采用同时蒸馏萃取法提取卷烟主流烟气中香味物质,并应用气相色谱—质谱联用(GC-MS)的分析鉴定技术对其进行定性定量分析,研究了沟槽滤嘴对卷烟主流烟气中不同香味物质的截留率。结果表明:沟槽滤嘴对卷烟主流烟气中的香味物质具有较强的截留作用,且均有强烈的选择性;平均截留率为72.38%,单种香味物质的截留率在20.23%~94.83%之间。     

降低卷烟主流烟气一氧化碳释放量的研究进展

一氧化碳(CO)是卷烟主流烟气中的有害物质之一,降低烟气中的CO对提高卷烟安全性至关重要。卷烟使用的滤嘴、烟丝(烟草薄片)和卷烟纸是影响卷烟主流烟气中CO的释放量的三个决定性因素。文章即从这三个方面介绍当前降低卷烟主流烟气一氧化碳的研究进展,并就此做了相关展望。     

卷烟纸特性对卷烟燃烧及主流烟气中CO释放量的影响

为考察卷烟纸特性对卷烟燃烧及主流烟气中CO释放量的影响,采用不同特性(透气度、定量、助燃剂含量)的卷烟纸卷制卷烟,测定卷烟燃烧温度和主流烟气中的CO释放量,并分析主流烟气中CO释放量与温度积分和最高抽吸温度的相关性,结果表明:主流烟气CO释放量与温度积分显著相关,与卷烟最高抽吸温度有一定相关或不相关。     

醇类香料单体在加热卷烟中的转移行为研究

为研究醇类香料单体在加热卷烟中的转移规律,将28种醇类香料单体添加到加热卷烟烟芯中,建立了加热卷烟烟芯中醇类香料单体的检测分析方法,并分析了醇类香料单体在加热卷烟抽吸前后的转移行为。结果显示：贮存期间,28种醇类香料单体的烟芯持留率为7.13%～91.70%、降温段迁移率为0～9.10%、滤嘴迁移率为0～30.76%、散失率为1.83%～81.65%。抽吸过程中,28种醇类香料单体的向主流烟气粒相物转移率(MS转移率)为2.29%～34.02%、烟芯残留率为1.17%～24.01%、滤嘴截留率为8.27%～29.46%。互为同系物的醇类单体遵守随着分子量增大、沸点增高,烟芯持留率、向主流烟气粒相物转移率增加,散失率减小的规律。互为同分异构体的醇类单体遵循物质结构稳定性越好、沸点越高,烟芯持留率和向主流烟气粒相物转移率越高,散失率越小的规律。香叶醇、橙花醇、肉桂醇的烟芯持留率高、散失率小、向主流烟气粒相物转移率高,适用做加热卷烟香精调配香原料。     

重金属元素在卷烟主流烟气中迁移率分析

本课题采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定卷烟及卷烟主流烟气中重金属元素铬（Cr）、镍（Ni）、砷（As）、硒（Se）、镉（Cd）和铅（Pb）含量,计算重金属元素在主流烟气中的迁移率,结果表明,卷烟重金属元素主要来源于卷烟烟丝,基本未迁移到卷烟主流烟气气相中,仅有一部分迁移到卷烟主流烟气粒相中,且迁移率均在10％以下.     

热脱附—气相色谱/质谱联用分析卷烟主流烟气主要气相有机化合物

以热脱附法捕集卷烟主流烟气气相成分,利用气相色谱/质谱联用仪对卷烟主流烟气气相成分进行了分析,并以内标为参照,计算卷烟主流烟气主要气相有机化合物的相对释放量。     

美拉德反应产物对主流烟气碱性香味成分的影响研究

为研究美拉德反应产物对主流烟气中碱性香味成分的影响,在某牌号卷烟空白叶组中添加美拉德反应产物(MRPs),采用溶剂萃取法提取吸烟机捕集的卷烟主流烟气粒相物中的香味成分,对萃取液进行碱性成分分离,建立气相色谱-选择离子监测-质谱(GC-SIM-MS)分析碱性香味成分的方法,对比分析添加MRPs前后卷烟主流烟气碱性香味成分...     

温湿度平衡时间对卷烟主流烟气氢氰酸释放量影响的研究

为考察不同温湿度平衡时间对卷烟主流烟气中氢氰酸释放量的影响,在标准温湿度条件下,分别选择不同的平衡时间对6种卷烟样品处理后,应用连续流动分析仪对卷烟主流烟气中氢氰酸释放量进行测试,连续考察了120 d。结果表明:①平衡120 d内,卷烟样品抽吸口数没有明显变化;②平衡120 d内,不同盒标焦油量的卷烟主流烟气中HCN释放量没有明显变化;③平衡120 d内,不同类型卷烟主流烟气中HCN释放量没有明显变化。因此,在平衡120 d内对样品HCN进行测定,均能得到准确结果。     

非邻苯酯类增塑剂在卷烟中的转移行为

为研究非邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂在卷烟主流烟气的转移行为,将12种非邻苯酯类增塑剂添加到卷烟烟丝中,利用剑桥滤片捕集卷烟主流烟气,剑桥滤片和烟蒂分别经二氯甲烷萃取后,使用GC/MS/SIM分析各非邻苯酯类增塑剂在主流烟气的转移率和烟蒂的截留率。结果表明:12种非邻苯酯类增塑剂在主流烟气的转移率在7.86%～15.11%之间;12种非邻苯酯类增塑剂在烟蒂中的截留率在18.65%～36.54%之间;非邻苯酯类增塑剂在烟蒂中的截留率明显高于在主流烟气中的转移率,其中己二酸二乙酯在主流烟气中的转移率最低,而在烟蒂中截留率最高。     

Real-Time Monitoring of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Cigarette Smoke Using Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Fluorescence

Cigarette smoke contains a large number of chemicals and gaseous compounds including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Due to the importance of PAHs and their health effects in cigarettes, development of systems to analyze PAHs in cigarette smoke may become useful in developing a less harmful product. However, the complexity of cigarette smoke chemistry remains a significant obstacle in its analysis: many cigarette smoke components are produced due to reactions such as decomposition and recombination of cigarette components during the smoking process. Methods to analyze these reactions in real-time are needed. In this article the authors report direct monitoring of pyrene in mainstream smoke using time-gated laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) based on fiber optics. The time-gated detection system could provide a reduced background signal of mainstream smoke when using optimized gate delay and gate width parameters. The results demonstrate the feasibility of direct monitoring of PAHs in mainstream smoke.     

Evolution of the Particle Size Distribution of Mainstream Cigarette Smoke During a Puff

A procedure for the measurement of the particle size distribution of minimally aged undiluted mainstream cigarette smoke is presented. The angular dependence of scattered light intensity was measured and a best fit log normal distribution was determined by comparison of ratios of the scattering intensities to theoretically calculated values. The problem of multiple scattering by the concentrated mainstream smoke was overcome by aerodynamically focusing the sampled smoke to a fine stream in a specially designed photometer. The photometer required no dilution of the smoke and performed the measurement on smoke aged 0.12 s, minimizing coagulation. Size distributions were determined at 100 points during a 2-s puff revealing significant changes in the average diameter of the aerosol during the puff. The changes in particle size are shown to correlate with the changing flow profiles in the cigarette during the smoking process.     

Size and Generation Rate of Sidestream Cigarette Smoke Particles

Sidestream cigarette smoke generated using an automatic smoking machine (SEM-II) and Kentucky 2R1 reference cigarettes was analyzed for particle generation rate and size distribution. Part of the sidestream smoke was sampled with an Andersen Cascade Impactor, following dilution with about 29 to 54 liters/min of laboratory air. The remaining sidestream smoke was further diluted 1,000-fold with vapor phase from filtered sidestream smoke before analysis with an Electrical Aerosol Analyzer and Condensation Nuclei Counter. The smoking parameters of primary dilution ratio and puff pressure were varied in the experiments. The number median diameter of sidestream cigarette smoke was about 0.10 μm, and the mass median diameter was typically 0.16 μm, about half the size of fresh mainstream smoke. Additionally, the size distribution of sidestream smoke was significantly broader than that of mainstream smoke. The particle generation rate of sidestream smoke depended on smoking conditions and varied from 1.4 × 10⁹ to 3.9 × 10⁹ particles/s. The equivalent total particulate matter of sidestream smoke based on the Electrical Aerosol Analyzer measurements varied from 1.3 to 2.3 mg/cigarette, whereas it was 6.0 to 9.6 mg/cigarette based on the Andersen Cascade determinations. Reasons for these differences are not definitive at this time.     

功能纤维对卷烟主流烟气的吸附研究

选取牛奶蛋白纤维、聚乙烯醇纤维和海藻纤维3种功能纤维,分别植入卷烟滤嘴轴心位置制得中线滤棒并应用到卷烟中;分析了3种纤维的比表面积、微观形态和表面官能团;研究了3种纤维对卷烟主流烟气中有害成分的吸附效果,并进行了感官质量评价。结果表明:3种纤维的比表面积、微观结构和表面官能团有较大差异,海藻纤维具有较大的比表面积和沟槽结构,且酸性官能团较多显酸性,可以有效对卷烟主流烟气进行物理吸附;海藻纤维可以有效降低卷烟主流烟气中的苯酚和N-亚硝胺含量,降幅分别为49.4%和28.4%;海藻纤维应用到卷烟滤嘴中,可以与卷烟香气保持谐调,降低刺激性,改善卷烟的抽吸品质,可以作为降低主流烟气成分释放量的滤嘴用新材料。     

卷烟烟气中有害成分的测定方法及其影响因素探讨

从测定方法对烟气中7种有害成分进行了探讨。通过研究不同抽吸条件(如抽吸持续时间、抽吸容量、时间间隔、烟蒂长度、抽吸曲线等)下主流烟气中有害物质释放量(TPM、烟碱和一氧化碳)的差异,探讨了不同吸烟方式对有害物质产生量的影响。     

Chemical characterization of nanoparticles and volatiles present in mainstream hookah smoke

Waterpipe smoking is becoming more popular worldwide and there is a pressing need to better characterize the exposure of smokers to chemical compounds present in the mainstream smoke. We report real-time measurements of mainstream smoke for carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds and nanoparticle size distribution and chemical composition using a custom dilution flow tube. A conventional tobacco mixture, a dark leaf unwashed tobacco, and a nicotine-free herbal tobacco were studied. Results show that carbon monoxide is present in the mainstream smoke and originates primarily from the charcoal used to heat the tobacco. Online measurements of volatile organic compounds in mainstream smoke showed an overwhelming contribution from glycerol and its decomposition products. Gas phase analysis also showed that very little filtration of the gas phase products is provided by the percolation of mainstream smoke through water. Waterpipe smoking generated high concentrations of 4–100?nm nanoparticles, which were mainly composed of sugar derivatives and especially abundant in the first 10?min of the smoking session. These measured emissions of volatiles and particles are compared with those from a reference cigarette (3R4F) and represent the equivalent of the emission of one or more entire cigarettes for a single puff of hookah smoke. Considerations related to the health impacts of waterpipe smoking are discussed.