升流式曝气生物滤池对不同微污染原水的预处理中试研究

以升流式双层陶粒滤料曝气生物滤池(UBAF)为研究对象,探讨曝气生物滤池对不同微污染水源水的预处理效果.结果表明,UBAF可有效应用于珠江下游不同微污染水源水的预处理.其中,UBAF对原水中的氨氮与亚硝酸盐氮去除效果最好,当不同水源水氨氮质量浓度分别为2.15-4.76mg·L-1,0.52-2.33mg·L-1,0.16-1.04mg·L-1时,氨氮平均去除率分别为89.35%.64.42%.28.56%,且出水氨氮均可满足生活饮用水卫生标准(GB 5749-2006)规定的氨氮质量浓度＜0.5 mg·L-1 的限值要求;对亚硝酸盐氮的平均去除率高达85.9%;而对耗氧量和浊度去除率相对较低,平均去除率分别为16.77%-25.22%和25.56%-35.59%.     

气水比对高速曝气生物滤池预处理高氨氮原水的影响

通过人工加铵的方式模拟高氨氮污染水源,采用升流式双层滤料曝气生物滤池进行试验,研究气水体积比对高速曝气生物滤池预处理高氨氮原水的影响。结果表明,处理水量为1.13 m3/h,滤速16 m/h下,随着气水体积比从0.8:1增加到2:1,NH4+-N的去除率由68.03%增大到88.53%,对浊度的去除率影响不大,且亚硝酸盐氮的积累量逐渐减少。当气水体积比为2:1时,高速曝气生物滤池对NH4+-N质量浓度为9~10 mg/L的进水具有较好的脱氮效能,且无亚硝酸盐积累的现象出现,为最佳气水比。     

曝气生物滤池处理炼油废水的试验研究

采用曝气生物滤池处理炼油废水,考察HRT、进水有机负荷、气水体积比等因素对生物滤池处理效果的影响.结果表明：在HRT为2h,进水CODCr负荷小于2.0 kg/（m3·d）,气水体积比为3时,出水CODCr的质量浓度为16.64 mg/L,去除率为85.41％;出水NH3-N的质量浓度为2.07 mg/L,去除率为74.92％;出水浊度为2.12NTU,去除率为92.15％.曝气生物滤池经过气水联合反冲洗后调整适应期为5h,此时CODCr和NH3-N的去除率分别为70.88％和62.31％,浊度在4.0 NTU以下.     

枯水期预处理联合常规突发处理备用原水研究

以广州市供水安全体系中珠江航道备用水源作为对象,研究其在突发事故情况下,即西江水遭受突发事件切换使用备用水源时,高速给水曝气生物滤池(BAF)作为其生物预处理环节的联合常规处理的应急能力.结果表明,高速BAF联合常规处理具有良好的抗冲击负荷能力:切换水源48～72 h之后,预处理出水氨氮的质量浓度稳定在1～2 mg·L-1,最终砂滤池出水氨氮的质量浓度稳定≤0.5 mg·L-1;切换水源后数小时内滤池中的亚硝酸盐菌和硝酸盐菌在生长速率和转化能力上已协调稳定,反应器内硝化类细菌驯化效果良好;COD预处理平均去除率在45 h后稳定在15％～20％,砂滤池的最终出水在48 h之后＜4 mg· L-1;浊度平均去除率稳定在29.9％.     

2级竹炭曝气生物滤池处理生活污水试验研究

研究了以竹炭为填料的2级上向流曝气生物滤池工艺处理生活污水的性能及污染物沿滤池高度的降解规律,确定了该工艺以竹炭为填料的可行性和运行参数.结果表明,当一级、二级气水体积比分别为4:1、1:1,水力负荷为0.5m3·m-2·h-1,温度为25.8～33.4℃,COD、浊度、氨氮、TN去除率分别为88.24%、92.80%、81.69%、40.30%.出水COD＜50mg·L-1,浊度均＜10NTU,氨氮的质量浓度＜15mg·L-1,满足中水回用标准.     

组合填料曝气生物滤池处理受污地表水的研究

采用陶粒-沸石-活性炭组合填料曝气生物滤池,对受污地表水体的处理效能进行了研究,考察了气水比和水力负荷对曝气生物滤池处理效果的影响.结果表明,气水比、水力负荷对COD的去除效果影响较大,而对氨氮含量和浊度的去除效果影响很小;在气水体积比为2:1、水力负荷为0.382 m3· m-2·h-1、温度为16～31℃的条件下,组合填料曝气生物滤池具有较好处理效果,出水CODMn和氨氮的质量浓度分别在2 mg·L-1和0.15 mg·L-1以下.     

凹凸棒曝气生物滤池预处理微污染原水研究

利用凹凸棒曝气生物滤池预处理微污染水中的高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)和氨氮(NH3-N),研究曝气生物滤池在不同水力负荷和气水比条件下对CODMn和NH3-N的去除效果,同时利用扫描电镜对不同滤层深度的凹凸棒复合滤料进行生物形态的观察.结果表明,凹凸棒曝气生物滤池可以有效的去除微污染水中的CODMn和NH3-N,最佳水力负荷为4m3·m-2·h-1,最佳气水体积比为1∶1,凹凸棒曝气生物滤池对CODMn和NH3-N的去除率最高可以分别达到35％和99.5％,不同高度滤料的表面和剖面的微生物种属和生物量差异很大.     

跌水曝气生物氧化预处理微污染水源水

采用三级跌水曝气生物接触氧化预处理微污染水源水,试验结果表明,在水温为8～25℃(平均16.9℃),水力停留时间(HRT)为1.5 h时,生物接触氧化单元对浊度、CODMn、藻类、UV254等的去除率随着温度的升高而增加,其平均去除率分别达到了37.2%、17.2%,62.8%、10.7%,对NH3-N的去除负荷为0.65mg·L-1·h-1,当水温高于20℃时,对NO-2-N的去除率达到了60%以上.三级跌水曝气共充氧1.61 mg·L-1,出水溶解氧浓度大于3.97mg·L-1.     

隔离曝气生物滤池预处理炼油废碱水

炼油废碱水是石油炼制过程中产生的一种含有大量硫化物、酚类和石油类等污染物的高浓度碱性污水.采用新型的两级隔离曝气生物滤池工艺,对中和后的炼油废碱水进行了生物预处理试验.研究了不同气水比、水力停留时间(HRT)和反冲洗周期等对污水中硫化物、挥发酚、COD和石油类等污染物处理效果的影响,并观察到了高活性的生物膜.试验结果表明:当污水流量为0.5~0.6m3·h-1、pH为6.5~8,单级反应器HRT为3~4h、DO为1.5 mg·L-1以上,进水硫化物质量浓度不大于500mg·L-1、挥发酚质量浓度不大于400mg·L-1、COD质量浓度不大于2000mg·L-1和石油类质量浓度不大于120mg·L-1时,炼油废碱水经两级生物处理后,出水硫化物和石油类的平均质量浓度分别为2.71和8.88mg·L-1,挥发酚和COD的平均质量浓度分别为29.3和326mg·L-1,硫化物、挥发酚、COD和石油类平均去除率分别达到98.9%、85.1%、75.4%和89.8%,COD和硫化物的平均去除负荷分别达到5.44和1.74kg·m-3·d-1.隔离曝气生物滤池是一种高效、低成本的炼油废碱水预处理方法,具有良好的应用前景.     

生物活性炭滤池深度处理纱线筒子染色废水研究

采用上向流曝气生物活性炭滤池深度处理二级生化后的纱线筒子染色废水,研究在不同的气水体积比和水力负荷条件下,BAC对COD.UV254和色度的去除效果.结果表明,在气水体积比为3:1和水力负荷0.19m3·m-2·h-1时处理效果最好,COD、色度和UV254的去除效率分别为80.7%.84.1%和92.2%.研究结果可以为生物活性炭滤池深度处理染纱废水工程选取最佳工艺运行条件提供参考.     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

几种针状焦性能对比

针状焦分石油系和煤系两大类,这主要取决于针状焦的原料来源。在同一系列中由于原料不同和工艺条件不同 ,针状焦的各自性能也不相同。针状焦是生产超高功率石墨电极和高功率石墨电极的主要原料 ,针状焦的性能对石墨电极的质量有至关重要的影响。所以对针状焦性能以及其对石墨电极质量影响的研究十分必要的。以下是常用的几种进口针状焦和国产针状焦的性能对比。１原料性能分析对比原料试样包括４种针状焦 ,其中两种为进口针状焦：三菱针状焦和新日化针状焦;另两种为国产针状焦：鞍山针状焦和锦州针状焦。其中除锦州针状焦是石油系针状焦外…     

用两个形状指数表征粉煤灰颗粒形貌的研究

引用两个形状指数表征颗粒形状的概念,即先将颗粒形状近似为椭圆,再将椭圆图像分离:以圆为基准的颗粒宏观形状指数δ;以光滑椭圆为基准的颗粒轮廓凹凸度,即微观形状指数ζ。分析和发展了近似椭圆模型。并运用图像分析仪对粉煤灰、水泥样品进行实验。结果表明,粉煤灰颗粒的两个形状指数δ和ζ都大于水泥颗粒。证明粉煤灰颗粒的球形度、表面光滑度优于水泥,而且,随着粒径增大,δ和ζ呈下降趋势,表明磨制颗粒越粗。(?)粒形状越不规则。文中还运用近似椭圆模型再现了颗粒的模拟图像。