基于混合模糊P+ID控制的升沉补偿系统

提出一种混合模糊P+ID控制算法,并将其应用于采用电控液压绞车的升沉补偿控制系统,使水下机器人在作业时不受母船升沉运动的影响.首先采用数字高通滤波器对惯性测量单元(IMU)获得的数据进行处理,计算出母船升沉运动的位移.然后推导出电控液压绞车系统的数学模型,并设计了基于混合模糊P+ID的升沉补偿控制器,根据母船升沉位移来控制液压绞车转动.最后通过仿真实验和物理平台实验验证证明了基于混合模糊P+ID的升沉补偿系统比常规PID系统有着更好的鲁棒性.     

四旋翼飞行器的自适应二阶滑模控制

针对四旋翼飞行器参数变化的姿态控制问题,将自适应光滑二阶滑模控制方法应用于四旋翼飞行器控制系统.对于参数变化引起的模型不确定性部分采用滑模干扰观测器进行补偿,对姿态系统设计自适应光滑二阶滑模控制器,有效地减弱传统滑模控制的抖振,控制器参数的在线调整提高了系统的控制精度.基于Lyapunov理论证明了系统的有限时间稳定.数字仿真和实验结果都验证了所提控制方法的有效性.     

直升机猎扫雷作战航路过渡建模与仿真

针对直升机拖曳猎扫雷装备搜扫航路过渡问题,提出了搜扫过渡的三种方式;通过对反水雷直升机转弯飞行特性的分析,结合拖曳猎扫雷装备水下转向运动的实际情况,建立了直升机拖曳猎扫雷具转向过程拖体运动模型,避免了运用流体动力学分析拖体坐标的复杂性,提高了计算速度;最后,对三种不同飞行状态下直升机拖曳猎扫雷装备搜扫航路过渡进行仿真实验,结果表明：随着直升机飞行速度的提高,拖体迅速向直线航路靠近,这一结果与实际一致,证明了模型的正确性,研究结果能够较真实地反映拖曳猎扫雷具在直升机转向过程中的运动轨迹,可为反水雷直升机航路优化和反水雷方案制定提供决策依据。     

作业型水下机器人纵、横倾姿态自适应区域控制方法

本文主要研究作业型自主式水下机器人(AUV)的纵、横倾姿态自适应区域控制问题.在实际作业中,机械手作业干扰和环境不确定性等因素将影响作业过程的艇体姿态控制,进而影响运动、作业的精度.针对此姿态稳定性控制问题,提出一种基于RBF(径向基函数)神经网络的水下机器人姿态自适应区域控制方法.针对系统模型的不确定因素,采用RBF神经网络对其进行在线估计,引入滑模控制项对估计误差进行在线补偿;针对RBF神经网络控制参数的取值问题,设计网络权值、径向基中心与方差的在线调整律,对控制参数进行自适应学习,以适应机器人艇体的不同姿态变化;针对艇体姿态的快速稳定收敛需求,在区域控制器中加入PI(比例-积分)环节,缩短姿态调节时间、降低稳态误差.基于李亚普诺夫稳定性分析,从理论上证明区域控制误差一致渐近稳定.最后,通过作业型水下机器人样机的纵、横倾姿态控制实验,验证了本文方法的有效性.     

低轨无拖曳卫星的自适应神经网络控制器设计

低轨无拖曳(Drag-free)卫星为相对论的验证、引力波探测以及地球重力场的测量提供了低干扰的试验环境。目前已有的工作主要对无拖曳卫星模型进行线性化,然后进行控制器设计,此种方法忽略了无拖曳卫星控制系统的非线性环节,因此降低了控制器的精度。本文将基于Lyapunov稳定性理论和自适应反步控制,直接针对无拖曳卫星控制系统的非线性模型进行分析,设计一种自适应神经网络控制器。针对系统建模过程中的线性化和未建模动态,利用RBF神经网络对非线性项进行拟合和补偿,建立自适应神经网络权值自适应律,保证闭环系统具有较好的鲁棒稳定性能和抗干扰性能,实现无拖曳卫星控制系统的设计要求。仿真结果表明控制器的有效性,满足了无拖曳卫星的控制精度要求。     

逆变电源的自适应重复控制方案

克服逆变电源系统参数、负载变化和电源死区效应的影响,设计了一种自适应重复控制方案。自适应方案采用跟踪参考序列的模型参考自适应控制设计方法。不需线性补偿器,既简化了设计,又减少了计算量,适合快速跟踪,并适应系统参数和负载的变化。重复控制作为补偿器,补偿死区效应的影响。     

垂直面欠驱动自治水下机器人定深问题的自适应输出反馈控制

针对垂直面欠驱动自治水下机器人(AUV)定深控制问题,本文仅使用可测量的深度和纵摇角信息,基于反步法设计自适应输出反馈控制器.为此首先设计观测器,实现不可测纵摇角速度反馈;再利用径向基神经网络对不确定水动力系数和纵荡、垂荡及纵摇角速度耦合产生的非线性结构进行补偿;采用自适应策略对纵荡和垂荡速度形成的有界干扰进行抑制.本文采用AUV一阶非完整模型,不以线性化为目的,放宽了纵摇角只能在小范围内变化的限制.最后通过理论证明和仿真实验表明该方法能够实现AUV深度和姿态控制,对未建模非线性动态和有界扰动具有很强的自适应性和鲁棒性.     

3 DoF模块化机械臂轨迹跟踪策略

针对具有外部扰动和系统参数不确定的机械臂轨迹跟踪控制问题,提出了一种改进的自适应神经网络滑模跟踪控制方法.首先建立了三自由度(DoF)机械臂动力学模型,分别采用计算力矩法和基于改进趋近律的神经滑模控制法控制其名义部分和非名义部分.所提方法结合了径向基函数(RBF)神经网络与基于趋近律的滑模控制,使控制系统自适应地补偿机...     

软体机械臂水下自适应鲁棒视觉伺服

水下仿生软体机器人在水底环境勘测,水下生物观测等方面具有极高的应用价值.为进一步提升仿章鱼臂软体机器人在特殊水下环境中控制效果,提出一种自适应鲁棒视觉伺服控制方法,实现其在干扰无标定环境中的高精度镇定控制.基于水底动力学模型,设计保证动力学稳定的控制器;针对柔性材料离线标定过程繁琐、成本高,提出材料参数自适应估计算法;针对水下特殊工作条件,设计自适应鲁棒视觉伺服控制器,实现折射效应的在线补偿,并通过自适应未知环境干扰上界,避免先验环境信息的求解.所提算法在软体机器人样机中验证其镇定控制性能,为仿生软体机器人的实际应用提供理论基础.     

非全包裹超空泡航行体建模与姿轨控制

针对非全包裹超空泡航行体动力学特性及相关姿轨控制方法尚不清楚等问题,开展了对非全包裹超空泡航行体姿轨控制研究.首先对航行体进行受力及空泡外形分析,并结合空泡轮廓及动量定理对航行体动力学建模;其次,设计了以空化器及尾部直接侧向力作为控制输入的超空泡航行体反演变结构控制器,并对系统未知参数设计了参数自适应律,对于系统模型中存在的未知干扰项设计了扩展状态观测器(extended state observer,ESO)对其进行估计和补偿;最后,将控制输入中的直接侧向力分为可调与不可调两种情况分别进行分析研究,利用脉宽脉频调制方式(pulse-width pulse-frequency,PWPF)解决直接侧向力不可调的情况下的控制输入调制问题.仿真结果验证了模型的准确性以及控制器对超空泡航行体稳定航行及跟踪控制的有效性.     

A nonregressor nonlinear disturbance observer-based adaptive control scheme for an underwater manipulator

A new nonlinear disturbance observer-based tracking control scheme for an underwater manipulator is presented in this paper. This observer overcomes the disadvantages of existing disturbance observers, which are designed or analyzed by the linear system techniques. It can be applied in underwater manipulator systems for various purposes such as payload compensation, interaction effects compensation, underwater current or external disturbance compensation, and independent system control. The performance of the proposed tracking control scheme is demonstrated numerically by the payload compensation and interaction effects compensation for a two degrees of freedom vertical underwater manipulator.     

Parametric Study for the Steady-State Equilibrium of a Towfish

The dynamic equilibrium in steady-state conditions is of great importance for the attitude control of an underwater towed vehicle. The paper aims to investigate which parameters allow to maintain a given horizontal attitude at a desired depth. Some simplifications as constant speed of the boat, negligible inertial effects of the towline are introduced in order to study the steady-state phase. Flexible cable modeling and hydrodynamic forces are coupled to rigid body statics to create a model able to determine the angles of the hydrodynamic profiles in order to maintain zero-pitch orientation at a given depth. Finally, a GUI interface, to help designers to predispose different strategies and to analyze equilibrium when some relevant parameters are varied, is developed. Two algorithms have been implemented inside the GUI interface to test steady-state equilibrium. A first direct algorithm computes total forces and pitch torque with assigned depth and angles of the ailerons/stabilizers. The second inverse algorithm finds, if possible, the angles of attack of the hydrodynamic profiles necessary to reach equilibrium.     

超空泡水下航行器定深控制研究

极高的航速使得对超空泡水下航行器的控制变得异常复杂. 为了对其深度进行有效控制, 必须对其纵平面运动特性进行研究. 本文首先建立了超空泡水下航行器的纵平面运动模型, 分析了其纵平面运动特性; 然后进行了控制算法的综合; 最后, 仿真及试验结果均验证了所设计的航行器纵平面运动控制算法的有效性. 试验结果表明该控制系统具有较高的控制精度. 本文的研究成果为进一步研究水下超空泡航行器的运动控制提供了必要的理论基础.     

基于神经网络和模糊补偿的水下机械臂控制

针对水下机械臂动力学模型建模复杂且滑模控制的抖振问题,利用Lagrange法和Morison方程精准建立二连杆串联水下机械臂的动力学模型,对模型中参数的不确定项使用4个RBF神经网络分别进行逼近,并且对摩擦项使用模糊控制进行补偿的方法,精准迅速地实现了对水下机械臂控制系统跟踪控制。通过进行仿真分析,基于神经网络和模糊补偿控制的方法与滑模控制、整体RBF神经网络控制和分块RBF神经网络控制相比,控制系统的平均误差分别降低了85.5%、71.8%、93.1%。结果表明,此方法有效降低了控制系统的跟踪误差,并同时提高了稳态性和抗干扰性。     

An adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller for remotely operated underwater vehicles

Sliding mode control is a very attractive control scheme because of its robustness against both structured and unstructured uncertainties as well as external disturbances. In this way, it has been widely employed for the dynamic positioning of remotely operated underwater vehicles. Nevertheless, in such situations the discontinuities in the control law must be smoothed out to avoid the undesirable chattering effects. The adoption of properly designed boundary layers has proven effective in completely eliminating chattering, however, leading to an inferior tracking performance. This work describes the development of a dynamic positioning system for remotely operated underwater vehicles. The adopted approach is primarily based on the sliding mode control strategy and enhanced by an adaptive fuzzy algorithm for uncertainty/disturbance compensation. Using the Lyapunov stability theory and Barbalat’s lemma, the boundedness and convergence properties of the closed-loop signals are analytically proven. The performance of the proposed control scheme is also evaluated by means of numerical simulations.     

油浸式变压器内部检测球形机器人的深度悬停控制研究

为实现设计的油浸式变压器内部检测机器人在实际作业过程中能针对深度方向某具体点进行观测,对机器人的深度悬停控制进行研究.通过对机器人控制策略的分析,根据水下机器人动力学理论,建立机器人在变压器油特殊介质的动力学模型.基于鲁棒反演控制方法及滑模自适应控制理论,提出一种鲁棒反演滑模控制方法,采用模糊控制器设计滑模面切换增益,以削弱不确定干扰带来的系统抖振,并通过Lyapunov理论分析证明控制器稳定性.解决了机器人在变压器油中因耦合、外界扰动等造成的深度悬停定点过程自旋及抖动问题,仿真及实验表明了所提出控制器的有效性.     

Computer simulation of an ideal fluid,constant depth,fluidic controlled submersible vehicle

This study was carried out to find a mathematical model that represents uniform potential incompressible steady flow over a two-dimensional blunt body that has mass flow injected into the main flow at a predetermined location on the body geometry. It has application as a towed submersible vehicle.A change in depth of the vehicle is sensed by a depth valve which introduces a pitch command to the fluidic device. The control activates a thruster, thereby restoring the vehicle to its desired depth. The fluidic control part of the vehicle, however, is not investigated in the study.The shape of the vehicle (a streamline) is obtained by a combination of the elemenatry flow patterns, namely, uniform flow and a distribution of sources and sinks. The computer is used to determine the best combination possible by adjusting the elementary flow patterns and the positions of the control jet on the vehicle. Some numerical examples have been made. It is seen that a suitable mathematical model of a towed vehicle to operate automatically at constant depth can be designed.     

基于逆模型的混合驱动水下滑翔机垂直面控制

混合驱动水下滑翔机（Hybrid-driven underwater gliders ,简称HDUGs)是集无人自治水下机器人（Automomous Underwater Vehicles ,简称 AUVs）和水下滑翔机（Autonomous Underwater Gliders,简称 AUGs）于一体的新型水下机器人。由于HDUGs是非线性、强耦合,且受到海流、结构不确定等因素的影响,为了克服这些问题,针对混合驱动水下机器人工作在混合模式下,对其垂直面提出了一种基于逆模型和滑模控制的非线性控制方法,该方法将原始系统解耦为两个单入单出的线性系统,仿真结果证明了该方法具有良好的控制性能,而且对外界扰动具有一定的鲁棒性。     

Bio-harmonized control experiments of a carangiform robotic fish underwater vehicle

This paper presents experimental implementation and comparison of three different control schemes of a bio-inspired robotic fish underwater vehicle. The dynamics model is obtained by unifying conventional rigid body dynamics and bio-fluid dynamics of a carangiform fish swimming given by Lighthill’s(LH) slender body theory. It proposes an inclusive mathematical design for better control and energy efficient path travel for the robotic fish. The system is modeled as an two-link robot manipulator (caudal tail) with a mobile base (head). This forward thrust drives the robotic fish head represented by a combined non-linear equation of motion in earth fixed frame. We develop and compare the dynamic motion closed loop control strategy of the bio-harmonized robotic fish based on three different non-linear control schemes using CTM (Computed Torque Method), FF (Feed-Forward) controllers both with dynamic PD compensation and finally a proposed combination of CTM with FF. An inverse dynamic control method based on non-linear state function model including hydrodynamics is proposed to improve tracking performance. CTM control generates a feedback loop for linearization and decoupling robot dynamic model with a shorter response time, while a dynamic PD compensation in the FF path is employed by FF scheme through the desired trajectories. FF model-based strategy results in an improved tracking and shorter route to travel between two points. Overall results indicate that performances of the proposed control schemes based on the inverse dynamic model are comparable and useful for robotic fish motion tracking in fluid environment.     

A practical and useful autonomous towed vehicle for port area inspection

This paper presents a novel underwater vehicle for port area inspection, which has various navigation modes (towed mode, autonomous mode and kite mode) to stand against fast and changeable sea currents. The property assures safe and reliable observation performance irrespective of current speed. Since in a port area sea currents are fast and complex, such a vehicle must be practical and useful for port area application. The unique point of the vehicle is the employment of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) as a towed vehicle. In general, AUVs and towed vehicles are mutually contradictory. This paper describes the process of development to achieve the three different navigation modes. The system components and the results of computer simulations and towing tank tests to investigate the stability of the vehicle are presented. In addition, results of the first sea trial are also presented. These results show that the vehicle can navigate stably in the three different navigation modes.