人肝组织病变及热凝固导致组织光学特性的变化

研究了人肝的病变及热凝固的肝组织对532 nm和1064 nm激光的光学特性的变化。实验采用双积分球测量系统以及运用生物组织的反向倍增(IAD)光学模型。结果表明,正常肝组织对532 nm和1064 nm的吸收系数显著地较肝肿瘤组织要大;正常肝和肝肿瘤组织热凝固后对532 nm的吸收系数都显著地增大,正常肝组织热凝固后对1064 nm的吸收系数显著减小。而肝肿瘤组织热凝固后对1064 nm的吸收系数却显著地增大。正常肝组织对532 nm和1064 nm的散射系数都显著地较肝肿瘤组织要小,正常肝和肝肿瘤组织热凝固后散射系数都显著地增大。正常肝组织对532 nm和1064 nm的各向异性因子都明显地较肝肿瘤组织要大,正常肝和肝肿瘤组织热凝固后其各向异性因子都明显地减小。     

Adaptation of the body to alkylating anti-tumor substances

It is determined that the organism may adapt in principle to alkylating antitumour preparations, to thiophosphamide in particular, being administered for a long time. The development of cell adaptation reactions in the systems of hemopoiesis and microsomal oxidation of hepatocytes is studied. An increase in the activity of enzymes of the microsomal liver oxidation system is found as accompanied by a lower concentration of 35S-thiophosphamide in the studied tissues and blood serum. The reactivity of tissue and serum SH-groups is observed to decrease with the organism adaptation to the preparation.     

Lipid metabolic disorders in rats with a transplanted Pliss lymphosarcoma

Changes in biosynthesis of cholesterol and free fatty acids from 2-14C-acetate in the host liver and tumour tissue as well as concentrations of various classes of lipids in blood were determined in rats bearing the transplanted Pliss lymphosarcoma. The transplantation of the tumour stimulates cholesterol biosynthesis de novo in the liver, but produces no changes in the fatty acid synthesis. Tumour growth is accompanied by a progressive increase in the content of triglycerides and beta-lipoproteins with a parallel drop in the alpha-cholesterol level in the animal blood. The concentration of total cholesterol is of phasic character depending on the stage of tumour growth. The possible mechanisms determining such alterations in lipids metabolism are discussed.     

The activity of nuclear endonucleases and topoisomerases in the liver of rats and in diethylnitrosamine-induced tumors

The DNA endonuclease (Aendo) and DNA topoisomerase (Atopo) activities in liver nucleus extracts of normal rats, in DENA-induced hepatomas and in liver tissues around tumours were investigated. The profile of nuclear endonucleases measured in the presence of 2 mM CaCl2 + 5 mM MgCl2, or 5 mM MnCl2, or 5 mM MgCl2, or 2 mM CaCl2 (pH 7.4), or I mM EDTA (pH 5.0) was different in normal and tumour tissues. Mn2+-dependent endonuclease was the main endonuclease in the tumour tissue, whereas Ca2+, Mg2+-dependent endonuclease was the main one in the normal liver and in the tissue around the tumour. An increase in the Mn2+-dependent endonuclease activity correlated with a decrease in the hepatoma differentiation level. Atopo of types I and II increased in the tissue around the tumour. Aendo and Atopo of cellular nuclei decreased in animals given DENA without the liver tumour.     

Fatty acid content in the muscles and liver of mice developing sarcomas induced by 3-methylcholanthrene and Moloney murine sarcoma virus

A comparative analysis was made for the fatty acid composition of lipids in the malignant muscular tissue, muscle and liver under blastomogenesis induced in mice by the Moloney sarcoma virus and 3-methylcholanthrene. The relation of the found changes in the fatty acid composition to the blastomogenesis stages is shown. The development of the tumour node is accompanied by a decrease of the fatty acid amount in the animal tissues and by its increase in the tumour. A spontaneous regression of the Moloney sarcoma results in increased level of the fatty acid content in the animal tissues followed by its normalization.     

人肝病变和热凝固导致组织的光穿透深度变化

为了研究人肝的病变及热凝固导致其对532 nm和1064 nm激光的光穿透深度的变化,采用了双积分球和反向倍增法.实验结果为,肝癌组织对532 nm的光穿透深度显著地较正常肝组织对532 nm的光穿透深度要大(P＜0.05),肝癌组织对1064 nm的光穿透深度却显著地较正常肝组织对1064 nm的光穿透深度要小(P＜0.05),自然的正常肝组织和癌变的肝组织对1064 nm的光穿透深度都分别显著地较其对532 nm的光穿透深度要大(P＜0.05);热凝固的正常肝组织对532 nm和1064 nm的光穿透深度都分别显著地较自然的正常肝组织对相应波长的光穿透深度要小(P＜0.05),热凝固的肝癌组织对532 nm和1064 nm的光穿透深度都分别显著地较自然的肝癌组织对相应波长的光穿透深度要小(P＜0.05),热凝固的正常的肝组织和癌变的肝组织对1064 nm的光穿透深度都分别显著地较其对532 nm的光穿透深度要大(P＜0.05).此研究结果将有助于肝癌的光热治疗.     

儿童遗传代谢性肝病的超微病理学观察

目的:观察儿童遗传代谢性肝病的肝组织超微病理学改变特征,结合临床资料探讨电镜检查在诊断该类疾病中的作用.方法:收集2016年7月-2020年10月以肝大、肝功能不良等为主要临床表现,临床怀疑为遗传代谢性肝病的72例肝穿刺活检标本,电镜观察肝组织的超微结构改变.结果:遗传代谢性肝病患儿均有不同程度的肝大、肝酶升高等表现....     

当归多糖对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠学习记忆的影响

目的:观察不同剂量的当归多糖(ASP)对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠模型的学习记忆是否具有改善作用。方法:行为学采用Morris水迷宫实验,测定小鼠血清和脑组织SOD、MDA值,观察脑细胞形态学变化,脑细胞凋亡指数。结果:与模型组比较,ASP可明显提高衰老小鼠学习记忆力、增强小鼠血清和脑组织SOD活力、减少MDA含量、改善脑细胞变性和坏死情况、降低脑细胞凋亡指数。结论:当归多糖能改善D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠学习记忆功能,延缓脑组织的衰老。     

人体及动物不同组织中肥大细胞颗粒超微结构的比较研究

运用透射电镜对人体正常皮肤、肺、心肌及萎缩性胃炎胃粘膜、垂体肿瘤、淋巴管瘤;大肠正常皮肤、舌粘膜、腹腔及小肠,化学致癌剂诱发肝癌、舌粘膜、腹腔及小鼠,化学致癌剂诱发肝癌以及血吸虫感染家兔肝、脾等组织中肥大细胞（MC）胸浆内颗粒的超微结构进行了对比观察,结果表明：存在于人体肺及胃粘膜中的大多数MC颗粒均具有独特 亚结构,它们由多个呈旋涡状排列的筒状结构组成,其它组织中的MC颗粒则主要呈电子致密均质状,前者属MC^T,后者为MC^CT。这种结构特征在正常及病理性组织中并无明显差异。因此,人体MC颗粒的超微结构特征可以作为区别两类不同表型MC的标志之一。与人体组织中MC相反,大鼠体内各部组织中MC颗粒超微结构基本一致,而与人体MC^T颗粒类似。因此,单从颗粒的超微结构不能区分大鼠MC表型,血吸虫感染家兔肝、脾中的MC颗粒超微结构则与上述观察均不相同,颗粒内或见有电子透明的大的结晶样结构或见有许多电子透明的小点状结构。后者有的广布于整个颗粒之中,有的则沿颗粒周边分布,沿有一些颗粒则由单膜包绕,内含多个致密亚单位。     

The blastomogenic effect of 249Bk in rats

It is shown that 249Bk nitrate injected intraperitoneally in a wide range of doses to albino mongrel female rats is preferentially accumulated in the bony tissue (39.8%) and liver (18.4%). Incorporation of 249Bk to rats results in development of osteosarcomas, neoplasms of hemopoietic and lymphoid tissues, mammary tumours, thyroid and pituitary glands.     

红外线照射对大鼠血脂和小鼠血糖水平的影响

为了研究红外线照射对高血脂和高血糖的作用机制,采用建立高血脂和高血糖模型的方法,对红外线照射治疗后大鼠血脂水平、小鼠血糖水平和血清超氧化物歧化酶活力、丙二醛浓度等指标进行了对比分析。结果表明,红外线照射能降低总胆固醇浓度(P0.01),能降低血糖浓度并恢复到正常水平(P0.05),对高血脂大鼠和高血糖小鼠的自由基有一定影响,具有增强超氧化物歧化酶活力、降低丙二醛浓度的作用,但对正常小鼠自由基未产生明显影响。这表明红外线照射治疗对高血脂和高血糖等疾病有良好的治疗效果和预防作用。     

当归多糖抗衰老作用的实验研究

目的:观察不同剂量的当归多糖(ASP)对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠模型是否具有抗衰老作用。方法:50只小鼠随机分为5组,一组为空白组,另4组用D-半乳糖致衰老。这4组分为模型组及三个不同剂量ASP组(100mg/kg、150mg/kg、200mg/kg)。ASP组每日各自灌胃不同剂量的ASP进行干预。测量小鼠脾脏指数,测定小鼠血清和脑组织SOD、MDA、GSH-PX含量及活性,测定小鼠脑细胞凋亡指数。结果:与模型组比较,ASP可拮抗脾脏的萎缩、增强血清和脑组织SOD活力、减少MDA含量、提高GSH-PX活性、降低脑细胞凋亡指数。结论:当归多糖有很好的抗衰老作用。     

激光诱导间质热疗中生物组织吸收系数变化特性研究

利用近红外光谱技术进行生物组织激光诱导间质热疗（laser induced interstitial thermotherapy, LITT）实时监测,探讨LITT术中疗效评估基础。实验样本采用离体猪肝和小鼠皮下移植肝肿瘤,使用近红外光谱实时采集系统采集激光热疗过程中组织吸收系数。实验结果表明组织吸收系数在激光热疗过程中具有一定的变化规律,其中猪肝的变化规律非常明显,在低功率下呈现缓慢的上升,高功率下达到一定的温度（50℃左右）快速上升,并逐步达到稳定。肿瘤在热毁损时会根据瘤体的组织特性不同出现特异性变化,这些变化可以作为将来临床治疗的参考。实验结果表明在进行实体组织激光诱导间质热疗过程中,组织吸收系数作为实时监测因子具有一定的参考价值,而作为肿瘤的治疗评估因子还需要进一步探索。     

Capacity of rhabdomyosarcoma cells to produce substances with somatomedin and mitogenic activity

The rats aged 1, 3, 12 and 15 months were intravenously injected with 10,000 of the rhabdomyosarcoma cells. 3 weeks following the injection multiple tumour clones were observed in the lungs of experimental animals, the rats aged 1 and 15 months showing a significantly greater tumour yield than those aged 3 and 12 months. The level of the mitogenic and somatomedin activity increased both in the blood serum and in the lung tissue, the activity varying with the number of tumour clones. Rhabdomyosarcoma cells, probably, synthesize and release growth factors into the blood.     

芸香苷对急性胰腺炎大鼠胰腺毛细血管通透性的影响

目的研究芸香苷(Rutoside,Ru)对大鼠急性胰腺炎(Acute Pancreatitis,AP)胰腺毛细血管通透性的影响。方法wistar大鼠48只,随机分为6组,每组8只,分别建立大鼠假手术(SO)、急性胰腺炎(AP)、芸香苷(Ru)高、中、低剂量及丹参(DS)组,在制模后3、6h经下腔静脉取血,测定血清淀粉酶含量和磷脂酶A2活性。切取胰腺标本组织,对胰腺组织进行病理检查和胰腺微血管通透性测定。结果术后6h,各组大鼠胰腺毛细血管通透性分别为:SO组(89.10±26.02)、AP组(405.25±234.48)、Ru高剂量组(132.79±56.72)、Ru中剂量组(203.83±89.06)、Ru低剂量组(263.84±113.02)、DS组(191.22±77.05)。各组间比较,6hRu高剂量和中剂量组胰腺毛细血管通透性低于AP组(P<0.01)。结论Ru能明显降低AP大鼠胰腺毛细血管通透性,减轻胰腺组织病理性损害。     

A multiscale model for bioimpedance dispersion of liver tissue

Radio-frequency ablation (RFA) has been used in liver surgery to minimize blood loss during tissue division. However, the current RFA tissue division method lacks an effective way of determining the stoppage of blood flow. There is limitation on the current state-of-the-art laser Doppler flow sensor due to its small sensing area. A new technique was proposed to use bioimpedance for blood flow sensing. This paper discusses a new geometrical multiscale model of the liver bioimpedance incorporating blood flow impedance. This model establishes correlation between the physical tissue structure and bioimpedance measurement. The basic Debye structure within a multilevel framework is used in the model to account for bioimpedance dispersion. This dispersion is often explained by the Cole-Cole model that includes a constant phase element without physical explanation. Our model is able to account for reduced blood flow in its output with changes in permittivity in gamma dispersion that is mainly due to the polarization of water molecules. This study demonstrates the potential of a multiscale model in determining the stoppage of blood flow during surgery.     

The osteoblastic phenotype in calcium-depleted and calcium-repleted rats: a structural and histomorphometric study

In a previous report we showed that young rats fed a calcium-free diet for 28 days developed severe hypocalcaemia and showed a significant increase in serum alkaline phosphatase activity. The main histological and cytochemical changes exhibited by these animals in bone of the metaphyseal primary spongiosa were: (1) hyperplasia of osteoblasts, (2) an increase in the frequency of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive osteoblasts apposed to osteoid, and (3) an excessive amount of osteoid tissue. In addition to typical osteoblasts, there was a subpopulation of osteoblast-like cells with coated pits, lysosome-like bodies and large cytoplasmic processes. In the present study, we investigated how the above parameters change when calcium-depleted rats are placed on a normal diet for 7 days. Such a regimen normalized calcium concentration and alkaline phosphatase activity in the serum. The osteoid thickness returned to normal and, in some areas, was fully calcified. Most osteoblasts no longer showed TRAP activity and their ultrastructure was similar to that found in controls. Despite an intense alkaline phosphatase activity, some of them still exhibited a number of macrophagic characteristics. They were TRAP-positive, and showed electron-dense bodies in the cytoplasm facing bone, an abundance of coated pits, calcified spicules impinging on the cell membrane and large processes extending into the mineralized matrix. We concluded that calcium deficiency causes hyperplasia of osteoblasts in primary spongiosa and an increase in expression of TRAP. It also induces changes in their phenotype characterized by the acquisition of macrophagic cellular features. While TRAP activity is normalized by calcium repletion, macrophagic characteristics persist. These results suggest that the osteoblast can modulate its phenotype according to its physiological status.     

The visualization of hepatic vasculature by X-ray micro-computed tomography

In this study, X-ray micro-computed tomography (CT) was used to reconstruct the fine structure macro- and microvasculature in three dimensions in contrast-enhanced rat liver samples. The subsequent application in the experimental CC531s colorectal cancer model was concurrent with results obtained from confocal microscopy in earlier studies. The en bloc stains osmium tetroxide in combination with uranyl acetate provided an excellent contrasting result for hepatic tissue after a trial of several contrasting agents. X-ray micro-CT allowed us to image the large blood vessels together with the branching sinusoids of hepatic tissue in three dimensions. Furthermore, interruption of the microvasculature was noted when rats were injected with CC531s colorectal cancer cells indicating the presence of hepatic metastases.     

卤化银光纤CO2激光手术刀辐射草兔组织的实验观察

目的通过卤化银光纤CO2手术刀辐射草兔脱水前后组织的病理和形成孔道的深度宽度变化推理该光纤进入内腔、内脏治疗的可行性.方法 白色草兔四只,氯胺酮静脉麻醉(40mg/kg),剖开胸腹腔,依次取胃、舌、肾肝、心等组织分别用2瓦、4瓦、6瓦分三组进行连续辐射3秒;并对相应的另一半组织无水酒精脱水,24小时后依上法进行激光辐射分别观察组织病理及孔道变化.每次每组每个组织不少于5个标本.另外对肝肾组织进行准脉冲辐射,比较相同功率、连续和脉冲辐射的损伤程度.结果 (1)用2W(0.576kJ/cm2),4W(1.182kJ/cm2),6W(1.782kJ/cm2)连续辐射草兔损伤深度和宽度有显著差异呈正向直线关系,依次肾>肝>心>胃>舌.(2)辐射组织激光能量越大孔道越深,孔径越大,呈锥形.(3)组织脱水比与损伤程度呈正向非比例关系. 结论 卤化银CO2激光光纤对组织有良好的气化、切割、烧灼、炭化作用,在开胸(腹)条件下组织损伤与激光能量有正向关系与水分多少无明确关系.推理该治疗仪进行内腔内脏治疗进行气化、切割的可行性.     

Properties of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase of the liver tissue of intact rats and rats with Zaidel ascitic hepatoma

The properties of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH; glucose-6-phosphate-NADP-oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.49) in the liver tissue of intact rats and those with ascites Zaidel hepatoma were compared. The specific activity of the enzyme from hepatoma was 7 times as high as that of the enzyme from the normal liver. The G6PDH preparations with the specific activity of 1.5 U/mg of protein were obtained by the three-stage purification. No differences in kinetic properties, coenzyme specificity and electrophoretic mobility of the enzymes from hepatoma and normal liver were observed.