Catalytic Behavior of Alumina-Promoted Sulfated Zirconia Supported on Mesoporous Silica in Butane Isomerization

Alumina-promoted sulfated zirconia was supported on mesoporous molecular sieves of pure-silica MCM-41 and SBA-15. The catalysts were prepared by direct impregnation of metal sulfate onto the as-synthesized MCM-41 and SBA-15 materials, followed by solid state dispersion and thermal decomposition. Measurements of XRD and nitrogen adsorption isotherms showed that the structures of resultant materials retain well-ordered pores, even with ZrO₂ loading as high as 50 wt%. The characterization results indicated that most of the promoted sulfated zirconia were well dispersed on the internal surface of the ordered mesopores. The catalytic behavior of the alumina-promoted sulfated zirconia supported on mesoporous silica was studied in n-butane isomerization. The supports of mesoporous structures led to high dispersion of sulfated zirconia in the meta-stable tetragonal phase, which was the catalytic active phase. The high performance of alumina-promoted catalysts was ascribed to the sulfur retention by alumina.     

全硅MCM-41中孔分子筛的合成

在碱性条件下,采用水热晶化法,以水玻璃为硅源,表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为结构模板剂,成功合成出全硅MCM－41中孔分子筛。采用X射线衍射分析研究了合成条件(pH值）、凝胶配比（表面活性剂／SiO2、H2O/SiO2）和凝胶后处理条件（老化时间、晶化温度、晶化时间和焙烧温度）对MCM－41结构的影响。结果表明全硅MCM－41的合成条件为pH10.5-12.5,表面活性剂／SiO20.05-0.7,H2O/SiO2 40－200,老化时间长对合成晶形较的全硅MCM－41有利。晶化温度70℃-100℃,晶化时间24小时,焙烧温度540℃－740℃。     

介孔分子筛MCM-41的合成探索

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为模板剂,利用水热合成法制备了介孔氧化硅MCM-41,并采用TEM、XRD、N2吸附-脱附等测试手段对产物进行了表征。结果表明,合成的介孔材料为高质量的MCM-41。     

Well-dispersed Ceria-promoted Sulfated Zirconia Supported on Mesoporous Silica

Ceria-promoted sulfated zirconia (CeSZ) was supported on mesoporous molecular sieve of pure-silica MCM-41 (abbreviated as CeSZ/MCM-41). It was prepared by direct impregnation of metal sulfate onto the as-synthesized MCM-41, followed by solid state dispersion and thermal decomposition. The resultant catalysts were characterized by TG, XRD, nitrogen physisorption and TEM. It was showed that the hollow tubular structure of MCM-41 was retained, even with ZrO₂ loading as high as 60 wt.%. Most of CeSZ was well dispersed on the interior surface of the ordered mesopores, following a slight twist of the channels. The catalytic activity of CeSZ/MCM-41 was studied in the octadecanol oxidation. The improved performance of CeO₂-promoted catalysts was attributed to the high dispersion of sulfated zirconia (SZ) and the introduction of CeO₂ enhancing the oxidation ability of catalysts by retarding the transformation of zirconia from highly catalytic active metastable tetragonal phase to monoclinic phase.     

硅源对纯硅MCM-41介孔分子筛结构性能的影响

分别采用正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)、气相法白炭黑、硅溶胶为硅源,十六烷基三乙基溴化铵(CTEAB)为结构导向剂,在100℃用水热晶化法在碱性(NaOH)介质中反应5d,合成出MCM-41介孔分子筛样品。通过XRD、N2吸附-脱附测试手段对不同硅源合成的样品进行了对比表征分析,实验结果表明,相对于TEOS作为硅源,气相法白炭黑和硅溶胶制得的MCM-41具有较大的孔径(>4nm)和孔容(>1cm3/g)以及高的比表面积(1000m2/g),在制备大孔径的介孔MCM-41时,气相法白炭黑和硅溶胶是两种比较好的硅源。     

Mesostructured Sulfated Zirconia with High Catalytic Activity in n-Butane Isomerization

A mesostructured sulfated zirconia with a large surface area (189 m²/g) has been successfully prepared using a triblock copolymer as a structure-directing agent. The resulting material was characterized by XRD, TEM, nitrogen adsorption, FTIR and TG/DTA, which suggested that the mesostructured sulfated zirconia was tetragonal crystalline. Catalytic testing showed that the mesostructured sulfated zirconia was much more active than conventional sulfated zirconia for n-butane isomerization.     

Selective Synthesis of 1-butene through Positional Isomerisation of 2-butene over Mesoporous Silica MCM-41

A highly selective and active catalyst for the positional isomerisation of 2-butene into 1-butene has been developed by using a mesoporous silica, MCM-41. The yields of 1-butene as well as total conversion decrease when aluminium or lanthanum was added to the MCM-41 even though the amounts of acid sites increase. FT-IR spectra proved that the H site due to the silanol group may act as an active site for the positional isomerisation of 2-butene to 1-butene.     

全硅介孔分子筛MCM-41的表面修饰及其疏水性

在极性溶剂(丙酮)或非极性溶剂(甲苯)中,用三甲基氯硅烷对全硅介孔分子筛MCM-41进行了表面修饰。利用IR、XRD和低温N2吸附-脱附等手段对样品进行了结构分析;并通过测定样品在水或正庚烷饱和蒸汽中的吸附量,研究了它们的疏水性。实验结果表明,表面改性后的MCM-41仍保持完好的介孔结构,由于有机官能团接枝在MCM-41的内表面,占据了孔道内部空间,使其比表面积、孔容和孔径都减小。样品的疏水性与其硅烷化程度成正关系,且在非极性溶剂中表面修饰的样品表现出更好的疏水性能。     

MCM-41中孔分子筛的改性及其应用

综述了MCM—41中孔分子筛的合成方法,影响因素,重点介绍了儿种中孔分子筛改性方法,并强调了其有机改性。同时概述MCM—41在精细合成催化,分子吸附及分子组装方面的应用及发展状况,对其应用前景也作了相应分析。     

粉煤灰合成中孔分子筛MCM-41及其吸附性能

以粉煤灰为初始原料,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）为模板剂采用水热法合成出中孔分子筛MCM-41,采用小角XRD、TEM、氮气吸附-脱附等对样品的物相、比表面积、孔径、孔体积等进行表征,并研究了样品分子筛对镍离子的吸附性能。结果表明：样品具有典型中孔分子筛MCM-41的特性,比表面积为576 m^2/g,平均孔径为5.53 nm;Ni^2＋能定量吸附在样品分子筛上,最大去除率可达到96%,吸附性能符合Langmuir吸附方程特征,并且随吸附液pH的增大,Ni^2＋去除率也随之增加。     

Mechanical Stability of Mesoporous Materials, MCM-48 and MCM-41

The structural collapse of mesoporous molecular sieves, MCM-48 and MCM-41 materials by mechanical compression was found to occur mechanochemically through hydrolysis of Si–O–Si bonds. Their ordered structures were retained by compressing the well-dried samples under dry N2. Trimethylsilylation of mesoporous materials proved effective in eliminating their instability to compression through enhancing hydrophobicity.     

Alkylation of naphthalene with alcohols over mesoporous MCM-41

Mesoporous MCM-41 is found to promote alkylation of naphthalene by alcohols. In addition to the preferred branched side chain productsn-alkylated product is also observed in the case of propylation of naphthalene.     

Immobilization of Uranyl Schiff Base in Mesoporous MCM-41

A uranyl Schiff base complex [UO₂{ OC₆H₄N = C(H)C₆H₄O} H₂O] has been immobilized inside the periodic mesopore channels of MCM-41 by the impregnation route. The samples have been characterized by XRD, N₂ adsorption/desorption, TG-DTA, DR UV-vis, ²⁹Si MAS NMR and FTIR techniques. While the host is found to retain its structural integrity, the surface area and the pore volume decrease considerably as a result of the intrapore confinement of complex molecules. The spectroscopy results indicate that the complex molecules are anchored with the silanol groups of MCM-41 via hydrogen bonding.     

MCM—41中孔分子筛的研究和开发

介绍了近期国内外中孔分子筛ＭＣＭ－４１的研究情况,阐述了其合成机理并简述了其性能和应用。     

硫酸磺化苄基MCM-41的合成与表征

MCM-41介孔分子筛分别与苄基氯和浓硫酸接枝反应,得到苄基磺酸介孔分子筛(SBM)。通过X射线多晶衍射(XRD)、氮气吸附脱附、红外光谱(IR)、有机元素分析、扫描电镜(SEM)等方法对所得样品进行了表征。研究结果表明,MCM-41上硅羟基与苄基氯接枝反应,C元素接枝量w(C)%为9.58%。进一步磺化,S元素接枝量w(S)%为9.63%。XRD等分析结果表明,经过两步接枝反应,SBM仍然具有介孔结构特征,比表面积和孔容分别为477.0 m2·g-1、0.255 cm3·g-1。     

MCM-41介孔分子筛研究进展

介绍了介孔材料的定义,总结了MCM-41介孔分子筛的合成方法,针对其目前存在的孔径较小及酸性较小的缺点,综述了国内外对MCM-41介孔分子筛的孔径扩大分的最新研究进展。     

铈掺杂介孔分子筛MCM-41催化合成柠檬酸三丁酯

以铈掺杂介孔分子筛MCM-41作为催化剂,并用于催化合成柠檬酸三丁酯。研究表明Ce-MCM-41在合成柠檬酸三丁酯中具有良好的催化性能:当n(柠檬酸)∶n(正丁醇)=1∶5.0;w(cat)%=5%;反应温度140℃;反应时间7 h,酯化率为91.2%,催化剂可重复使用。     

MCM-41介孔分子筛改性研究进展

介绍了有序介孔材料的定义和分类,MCM-41介孔分子筛、合成方法和形成机理,针对其MCM-41目前存在的一些问题,综述了国内外对MCM-41介孔分子筛最新的改性研究进展。     

低质量分数表面活性剂作模板合成MCM-41中孔分子筛

以硅酸钠为硅源,表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMABr)为结构模板剂,用水热晶化法在w(CTMABr)=1%～3%下制备全硅MCM-41中孔分子筛。采用染料吸附脱色实验比较了原料配比、反应体系pH值、晶化时间、晶化温度、脱模温度对MCM-41合成的影响。结果表明,合成MCM-41中孔分子筛时表面活性剂CTMABr质量分数必须达到1%以上;pH=10～12;晶化温度以125℃左右为好;前驱体脱模温度控制在600～800℃。在较优的工艺条件w(CTMABr)=1 5%、pH=11、晶化温度125℃、晶化时间24h、脱模温度640℃下得到了具有完美晶型结构、BET比表面积=1370m2/g、平均孔径3 28nm的全硅MCM-41中孔分子筛。     

The Locus of Sulfate Sites on Sulfated Zirconia

The surface of sulfated zirconia was probed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was observed that the entire inventory of sulfur could be completely removed by sputtering the surface using an argon beam. Calibration using a TiO₂(110) standard resulted in a surface concentration of 2.85 sulfur atoms/nm². This is in reasonable agreement with a value of 4.15 sulfur atoms/nm² based on sulfur analysis on the assumption that all of the sulfur was located at the surface. These results suggest that most, if not all, of the sulfur is near or at the surface. When charging was taken into account, we observed that the oxidation state of sulfur did not change following catalyst deactivation during the isomerization of n-butane. We also determined that the entire inventory of sulfur was present as SO₄ ^2-. These results reinforce previous studies suggesting that catalyst deactivation occurs as the result of carbon deposition and not a change in the oxidation state of sulfur.