Model predictive control of a DC–DC converter for battery emulation

A battery emulator is used instead of a real traction battery to supply an electric motor inverter on a test bed for hybrid and electric powertrains under deterministic conditions. The use of virtual battery models eliminates the need for expensive battery prototypes. Virtual battery properties such as chemistry, state of charge or state of health can be changed instantly. However, the control of a battery emulator is a challenging problem. Very fast reference tracking is required for battery impedance emulation but motor inverters act as constant power loads that have a negative influence on the tracking performance and can even lead to instability. In this paper an MPC strategy is proposed for solving this problem. Scheduling of local controllers is utilized in order to handle the nonlinear and destabilizing load. Furthermore, a fast algorithm is presented that allows real-time MPC subject to input and output constraints. Experimental results obtained with a battery emulator supplying an electric drive inverter demonstrate the performance of the stabilizing controller.     

Robust digital control of a DC–DC buck converter with low frequency samplings

A robust DC?CDC converter which can covers extensive load change and also input voltage changes with one controller is needed. Then the demand to suppress output voltage change becomes still severer. We propose an approximate 2-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) digital controller which realized start-up response and dynamic load response independently. The controller makes a control bandwidth wider, and at the same time makes variations of the output voltage small at sudden changes of a load and an input voltage. In this paper, a new approximate 2DOF digital control system with additional zeros is proposed. Using the additional zeros, the second-order differential transfer characteristics between equivalent disturbances and a output voltage are realized. Therefore, the new controller makes variations of the output voltage smaller and the sudden changes of the load and the input voltage. This controller is actually implement on a DSP and is connected to the DC?CDC converter. Experimental results demonstrate that this type of digital controller can satisfy given severe specifications with low frequency sampling.     

Analysis and design of a high efficiency bidirectional DC–DC converter for battery and ultracapacitor applications

This paper presents a high efficiency non-isolated bidirectional converter which can be employed as an interface circuit between ultracapacitors or batteries and DC bus voltage. All semiconductor devices in the proposed converter are soft switched while the control circuit remains PWM. So, the energy conversion through the converter is highly efficient. The proposed converter acts as a zero-voltage transition (ZVT) buck to charge an ultracapacitor or battery and acts as a ZVT boost to discharge an ultracapacitor or battery. The performance of the proposed converter with respect to abrupt load and operating mode change is shown through computer simulation results. The results confirm the aforementioned advantages and features of the proposed converter.     

低功耗DC/DC变换器

新型便携式电子产品的特点之一是轻巧。为此,可采用1～2节5~#电池通过高效率的DC/DC变换器产生 5V、 12V等稳定电压,以满足电子线路的需要。这里介绍一组美国LTC公司的低功耗、高效率的DC/DC变换器集成电路。其特点是:组成的稳压电源静态电流小、外围元件少(仅3～4个)、体积小(全部采用贴片式元件)、重量轻,效率高(80％左右)。     

DC

阳春三月，细雨绵绵，冷却了火爆的年前DC市场，但是也活跃离一部分即将崭露头角的新芽。纵观市场，几大品牌中要数尼康的销售情况最好，这主要是尼康的机器价位合理，外形时尚，功能全面，品质优良。比如尼康5200，这款机器500万像素，才两多块，而且外观十分小巧，性价比很高。     

Design methodology and fabrication process of a microinductor for the next generation of DC–DC power converters

Magnetic materials used in cored microinductors to supersede ferrite in the 0.5-10 MHz frequency range are investigated in this article. The performance of electrodeposited nickel–iron, cobalt–iron–copper alloys and the commercial alloy Vitrovac 6025 have been assessed through their inclusion within a custom-made solenoid microinductor. Although the present inductor achieves 77% power efficiency at 500 KHz for 24.7 W/cm3 power density, an optimized process predicts a power efficiency of 97% for 30.83 W/cm3 power density. The main issues regarding microinductor design and performance are discussed.     

合理选择DC—DC转换器

讨论线性稳压器、开关型DC－DC转换器、电荷泵等三种DC－DC转换器的特点、如何选用以及应用中的相关问题。     

DC260 DC220双龙出水

记者汪若菡报道柯达公司在'98中国国际照相机械摄影器材与技术博览会上向中国市场正式推出了柯达DC220和DC260数码照相机,其中DC220提供了百万像素(1152×864)和2倍光学加2倍数码的变焦镜头;DC260则具有超百万像素(1536 × 1024)和3倍光学加2倍数码变焦镜头。这两款相机的价格都在万元以下。另外,柯达还附送PICTURE EASY 3.02软件,它可以在WINDOWS 95和NT4.0上运行,能够使用户直接从数码相机、扫描仪、光盘或软、硬盘上获取图像,并对图像进行编辑。     

Simplifying ADRC design with error‑based framework: case study of a DC–DC buck power converter

In this work, the problem of designing a robust control algorithm for a DC-DC buck power converter is investigated. The applied solution is based on a recently proposed error-based version of the active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) scheme, in which the unknown higher-order terms of the reference signal are treated as additional components of the system “total disturbance”. The motivation here is to provide a practical following of a reference voltage trajectory for the buck converter in specifc cases where neither the analytical form of the desired signal nor its future values are known a’priori, hence cannot be directly used for control synthesis. In this work, the application of the error-based ADRC results in a practically appealing control technique, with compact structure, simplifed control rule, and intuitive tuning (inherited from the conventional output-based ADRC scheme). Theoretical, numerical, and experimental results are shown to validate the efcacy of the error-based ADRC in buck converter control, followed by a discussion about the revealed theoretical and practical limitations of this approach.     

亿维发布UN CPU224 DC／DC／DC

2011年12月．亿维（UniMAT）正式发布了UN CPU224DC／DC／DC．订货号为UN214-1AD23—0XB0。这是一款由亿维研发部根据多年PLC模块的市场经验．历时1年研发出来的200系列自主品牌PLC控制器模块．在兼容西门子PLC功能的前提下,做了部分优化及功能增强。     

DC—DC变换器的SPICE仿真

本文讨论应用ＳＰＩＣＥ通用集成电路计算机分析程序仿真ＤＣ－ＤＣ变换器的方法。着重论述脉冲变压器的回旋器组等效模型、脉宽调制器的等效模型以及双稳态触发器和常用逻辑电路的数学模型。恰当运用上述模型，可仿真所有类型的ＤＣ－ＤＣ变换器，包括谐振变换器、ＰＷＭ变换器、软开关变换器以及开关电容变换器。文中给出了一些实例。     

DC老祖宗

1995年3月10日,是数码相机发展史的大日子。第一部消费级数码相机QV-10便是在那天上市。当年QV-10的售价高达65,000日元,没记错的话,95年100日圆兑1美元左右,大概约人民币6400左右,不计通货膨胀,今时今日足够买到一部入门级DSLR。     

DC新闻

1SONY2GB高速记忆短棒现身PMA在PMA2005上,SONY发布了容量分别为2GB和1GB的Memory Stick Produo,其中2G日的版本是被设计用在支持传输速度最大80Mbps的设备上,工作温度-13°Ft0+185°F。     

DC行情

三星推出的新款卡片相机i6采用600万像素CCD，3倍光学变焦镜头，2．5寸液晶屏幕，1厘米微距。主体黑色卡片机身设计，金属防滑条采用了央扣型设计，使得整机在方正之亦充满流线感，轻薄而时尚。i6不仅能播放MP3音乐，还内建了影片播放程序，可以说该款相机整合了传统DC和MP4的功能。     

DC篇

卡西欧Z60 最便宜的卡片机 要价1900元;松下FZ7 12倍长焦机3450元;理光GR-D 复古感觉 4850元;奥林巴斯SP-500UZ 10倍长焦2850元;索尼W100家用旗舰3050元;佳能A700价格接近2000元。[编者按]     

低功耗电荷泵 DC/DC 升压电路设计

电源管理芯片的应用范围十分广泛,发展电源管理芯片对于提高整机性能具有重要意义,对电源管理芯片的选 择与系统的需求直接相关。其中电荷泵电路通过电荷转移方式工作,来达到在无电感元件情况实现一定升压,因此该升 压电路和该款电源管理芯片在应用中很受欢迎。该设计分析的低功耗电荷泵 DC/DC 升压电路是同国外某公司的合作项 目。该电路采用 0.35 μm 标准的 CMOS 工艺制成,输入电压在 2.5 V～5.0 V,且输入电压高于或低于输出电压时,输出 电压都可保持稳定的低纹波输出,并能自动工作于升压或降压模式。该电荷泵电路采用比较升压电路,有效的降低了芯 片功耗,特别在轻负载情况下提高了系统的转换效率。电路还具有软启动、过热保护及过流保护等多重保护功能。仿真 结果均达到预定指标,是设计理论与实践相结合的一次有价值的尝试。     

DC行情

在1月市场行情上，佳能与索尼的大幅降价引来了极大的连锁反映，尤其在卡片机领域，由于索尼T系列旧款机型价格的下降，其他厂家也都只好跟打价格战的牌，市场上几乎所有的卡片机都有不同程度的降价。而索尼DSC-T9在全国正式上市和卡西欧Exilim Card EX-S600的抢先登陆更在卡片机市场掀起了一阵小旋风。     

DC篇

尼康黄金版S6套装优惠价;奥林巴斯三防相机μ-720SW新低;佳能IXUS800IS促销狂送一堆;索尼T30即将被取代售价小降一百。