高速移动列车荷载作用下层状饱和地基-轨道耦合系统的动力响应

基于Biot流体饱和多孔介质理论,求得层状饱和地基表面移动荷载的动力格林函数,进而建立2.5维间接边界元方法,研究了高速移动列车荷载作用下层状饱和地基-轨道耦合系统的动力响应。该文通过与已有结果的比较验证了方法的正确性,并以均匀饱和半空间地基和饱和基岩上单一饱和土层地基为模型进行了数值计算,分析了列车移动速度和饱和土层等对动力响应的影响。研究表明,层状饱和地基和均匀饱和地基对应的动力响应有着显著的差别;列车移动速度接近饱和地基的Rayleigh波速时,会引起饱和地基-轨道耦合系统的共振,产生较大的动力响应;饱和地基不透水情况下动力响应最大,饱和地基透水情况下动力响应次之,干土情况下动力响应最小。另外,饱和土孔隙率、饱和基岩与饱和土层刚度比、饱和土层厚度等也对动力响应具有重要影响。     

层状饱和半空间中沉积谷地对斜入射平面P1波的三维散射

在作者给出层状饱和场地三维精确动力刚度矩阵和层状饱和半空间中移动荷载动力格林函数基础上,采用间接边界元方法在频域内求解了层状流体饱和场地中沉积谷地对斜入射平面P1波的三维散射问题。该方法的特点在于虚拟移动均布荷载和斜线孔隙水压可以直接施加在沉积与层状饱和半空间交界面而不存在奇异性。该文通过与已有结果的比较验证了方法的正确性,并以均匀饱和半空间和弹性基岩上单一饱和土层中沉积谷地为例进行了数值计算分析。研究表明,沉积谷地对平面P1波的三维散射与二维散射之间存在本质差别,入射角度、孔隙率、饱和土层刚度和饱和土层厚度等参数对沉积谷地附近动力响应有着显著影响。     

层状TI饱和半空间均布斜线荷载及孔隙水压动力格林函数

基于Biot流体饱和多孔介质模型,采用动力刚度矩阵方法结合傅里叶变换,给出了层状横观各向同性(TI)饱和半空间中均布斜线荷载及孔隙水压的动力格林函数。方法首先将荷载作用层固定,在波数域内求得层内响应和固端反力,进而由刚度矩阵方法求得反加固端反力于整个层状半空间而产生的响应,最后叠加层内解和固端反力解经由傅里叶逆变换求得空间域内解。所给出的层状TI饱和半空间格林函数为建立相应边界元方法进而求解层状TI饱和介质相关波动问题提供了一组完备基本解。通过与已发表的各向同性饱和结果和TI弹性结果进行对比,验证了方法的正确性。进而给出了数值计算结果并进行了参数分析。结果表明:TI饱和介质与各向同性饱和介质对应的动力响应差异显著,且介质的各向异性参数对动力响应有着重要影响。此外,荷载埋深越小,地表位移和孔压波动更剧烈;介质渗透系数起到类似阻尼的作用,减小渗透系数可降低动力响应;随着频率的增大,位移、应力和孔压的波动也更为剧烈。     

横观各向同性饱和层状地基的三维稳态动力响应

首先引入状态向量,将直角坐标系下横观各向同性饱和土的Biot波动方程转化为一组状态方程,然后基于双重Fourier变换,求解了状态方程并得到传递矩阵。进而利用传递矩阵,并结合饱和地基的边界条件、排水条件及层间接触和连续条件,求解了横观各向同性饱和层状地基的稳态动力响应问题。数值算例表明采用各向同性饱和介质的动力学模型,不能准确描述具有明显各向异性特性的饱和土地基的动力特性。     

地震波斜入射下层状TI饱和场地地震反应分析

滨海地区的天然土体在长期的风化和沉积作用下,其水平模量往往会大于其竖向模量,表现出明显的横观各向同性（TI）饱和特性,目前还很少有针对地震波斜入射下TI饱和场地动力响应问题的研究。将HaskellThomson传递矩阵方法拓展到层状TI饱和半空间,求解了直角坐标系下两相介质的Biot动力平衡方程及孔隙流体运动方程,建立了层状TI饱和半空间传递矩阵,并结合地表边界条件求解了地震波斜入射下层状TI饱和场地自由场的时域反应。该文验证了提出方法的正确性,进而以CNTEWGXE波（0.3 g）作为输入地震动,研究了土体TI性质及饱和特性对场地加速度时程及反应谱的影响。结果表明:层状TI饱和场地和各向同性饱和场地地表的动力响应存在一定差异,TI参数的改变使得场地对地震波产生不同的滤波和放大效应;场地的饱和特性对地表的动力响应有重要影响,饱和多孔介质固液耦合作用对地震波具有削弱作用;地震波斜入射时地表加速度时程及反应谱响应小于其垂直入射时的响应,且入射角度对qP1波入射时的场地影响更明显。     

饱和土中桩-桩竖向动力相互作用因子研究

桩桩动力相互作用的研究是研究群桩动力阻抗的基础,而桩桩动力相互作用通常利用动力相互作用因子来反映。将饱和土视为液同两相介质,利用薄层法得到了饱和土的竖向动力阻抗,进而得到饱和土中桩桩竖向动力相互作用因子。通过分析桩土力学参数对竖向动力相互作用因子的影响发现：桩间距、耦合系数、桩土模量比等参数对竖向动力相互作用因子有较大的影响,液固耦合系数较大时也有一定的影响。     

饱和多孔介质中动力渗流耦合分析的Biot-Cosserat连续体模型与应变局部化有限元模拟

提出了适用于饱和多孔介质中应变局部化分析及动力渗流耦合分析的Biot-Cosserat连续体模型。基于饱和多孔介质动力渗流耦合分析的Biot理论,将固体骨架看作Cosserat连续体,并考虑旋转惯性,建立了饱和多孔介质动力渗流耦合分析的Biot-Cosserat连续体模型。基于Galerkin加权余量法,对所发展的模型推导了以固体骨架广义位移(包含旋转)及孔隙水压力为基本未知量的有限元公式。利用所发展的数值模型,对包含压力相关弹塑性固体骨架材料的饱和多孔介质进行了动力渗流耦合分析与应变局部化有限元模拟,结果表明,所发展的两相饱和多孔介质动力渗流耦合分析的Biot-Cosserat连续体模型能保持饱和两相介质应变局部化问题的适定性及模拟饱和多孔介质中由应变软化引起的应变局部化现象的有效性。     

层状饱和地基-轨道-列车耦合系统轨道不平顺引起的振动分析

采用半解析方法研究了层状饱和地基-轨道-列车耦合系统的动力响应问题。层状饱和地基由任意水平饱和土层和下卧饱和半空间组成,轨道采用以无限长欧拉梁模拟的钢轨、连续质量块模拟的轨枕和Cosserat模型模拟的道砟组成的三层系统,列车模拟为弹簧和阻尼元件连接的多刚体系统。振动输入由钢轨的竖向不平顺提供。通过地基表面轨道中心处竖向位移与道砟位移相等实现层状饱和地基和轨道的耦合,通过在车轮与钢轨间引入Hertizian接触弹簧来实现轨道与列车的耦合,首先求得频率-波数域内解答,然后通过Fourier逆变换求得时间-空间域内振动响应。文中验证了方法的正确性,并进行了数值计算分析,研究表明钢轨不平顺引起的列车动荷载振动频率较低时,随着列车运行速度的增大地基表面位移幅值逐渐增大;振动频率较高时,列车运行速度对位移幅值峰值的影响不明显,但列车驶过后地基的振动明显增大,振动时间变长。     

埋置移动荷载作用下成层饱和地基的动力响应

利用Fourier变换和传递反射矩阵法（TRM法）研究了成层饱和地基在埋置移动荷载作用下的动力响应。土体被假设为完全饱和的多孔弹性介质并且服从Biot多孔弹性波动方程,用修正粘滞阻尼模型来描述土体的粘弹性行为,采用TRM法来考虑饱和地基的成层性,利用Fourier变换和Fourier逆变换得到了埋置移动荷载作用下饱和地基动力响应积分形式解答。当饱和成层地基退化单层饱和地基时,该文解与已有解能很好的吻合。最后,通过数值计算分析了埋置荷载深度﹑荷载速度、荷载频率及软硬夹层对动力响应的影响。     

爆炸荷载作用下深埋圆形隧洞饱和土-衬砌系统的动力响应

考虑隧洞衬砌内壁对爆炸波的反射作用及其负压效应,将衬砌视为弹性介质,研究了深埋圆形隧洞饱和土-弹性衬砌耦合系统在隧洞轴线发生爆炸时的轴对称瞬态动力响应。首先,基于Biot理论和弹性理论,考虑边界条件以及弹性衬砌和饱和土接触面处的连续性条件,利用Laplace变换得到饱和土和弹性衬砌位移、应力和孔隙水压力等在Laplace变换域中的解析表达式。在此基础上,利用Laplace数值逆变换得到其时间域的动力响应,数值分析重点考察了不同隧洞模型和不同爆炸载荷模型对饱和土动力响应的影响,并进行了参数研究。结果表明:爆炸波反射产生的负压效应对饱和土体的动力响应有显著影响。同时,饱和土-壳体衬砌系统、饱和土-弹性衬砌系统和无衬砌饱和土隧洞的响应性态基本一致,但响应周期和幅度依次增大。     

A symmetric boundary integral approach to transient poroelastic analysis

 The problem of the transient quasi-static analysis of a poroelastic body subjected to a history of external actions is formulated in terms of four boundary integral equations, using time-dependent Green's functions of the “free” poroelastic space. Some of these Green's functions, not available in the literature are derived “ad hoc”. The boundary integral operator constructed is shown to be symmetric with respect to a time-convolutive bilinear form so that the boundary solution is characterized by a variational property and its approximation preserving symmetry can be achieved by a Galerkin boundary element procedure. Communicated by S. N. Atluri, 1 July 1996     

水平层状饱和场地地震响应分析的等效线性化方法

采用饱和土层和半空间精确的动力刚度矩阵,建立了求解P波、SV波斜入射情况下水平层状饱和场地地震响应的一维等效线性化分析方法。将饱和场地退化至干土场地进行方法验证,并将该文结果与二维有限元程序FLUSH结果进行对比,验证了该文方法的准确性。以天津市区某典型饱和场地为例,分别比较了P波和SV波入射情况下饱和场地线性、非线性地震响应之间的差别,以及饱和场地、干土场地非线性地震响应之间的差别,并讨论了入射角度和透水条件等因素对地面运动加速度峰值的影响,总结了饱和场地非线性地震响应的一些基本规律。     

Green's functions for transversely isotropic piezoelectric multilayered half-spaces

This paper presents Green's functions for transversely isotropic piezoelectric and layered half-spaces. The surface of the half-space can be under general boundary conditions and a point source (point-force/point-charge) can be applied to the layered structure at any location. The Green's functions are obtained in terms of two systems of vector functions, combined with the propagator-matrix method. The most noticeable feature is that the homogeneous solution and propagator matrix are independent of the choice of the system of vector functions, and can therefore be treated in a unified manner. Since the physical-domain Green's functions involve improper integrals of Bessel functions, an adaptive Gauss-quadrature approach is applied to accelerate the convergence of the numerical integral. Typical numerical examples are presented for four different half-space models, and for both the spring-like and general traction-free boundary conditions. While the four half-space models are used to illustrate the effect of material stacking sequence and anisotropy, the spring-like boundary condition is chosen to show the effect of the spring constant on the Green's function solutions. In particular, it is observed that, when the spring constant is relatively large, the response curve can be completely different to that when it is small or when it is equal to zero, with the latter corresponding to the traction-free boundary condition.     

A compliance/stiffness matrix formulation of general Green's function and effective permittivity for piezoelectric multilayers

This paper presents an efficient and stable recursive compliance matrix method for analyzing wave propagation in multilayered piezoelectric media. The effective permittivity and generalized Green's functions for a layered system, a layered system on a substrate, and a layered system between two substrates have been obtained from the elements of the total or surface compliance/stiffness matrices, which are calculated recursively, layer by layer, from the layer compliance/stiffness matrices. The method is very closely related to the transfer matrix method and retains its simplicity and efficiency, but it is numerically stable for high thickness-to-wavelength ratio. Numerical examples for wave propagation in zinc oxide (ZnO)/Diamond/silicon(Si) structures are presented using the compliance matrix formulation for effective permittivity and Green's function.     

Dynamic responses of a pile embedded in a layered poroelastic half-space to a harmonic axial loading

The dynamic response of a single pile embedded in a layered poroelastic half-space to an axial harmonic load is investigated in this study. Based on Biot’s theory, the frequency domain fundamental solution for a vertical circular patch load applied in a layered poroelastic half-space is derived via the transmission and reflection matrices method. Utilizing Muki and Sternberg’s method, the second kind of Fredholm integral equations describing the dynamic interaction between the layered half-space and the pile subjected to a harmonic axial load is constructed. The proposed model is validated by comparing a special case of our model with an existing result. Based on numerical results of this paper, it is concluded that the presence of a stiffer or a softer middle layer in the layered half-space will affect the impedance of the pile considerably and the inhomogeneity of the half-space will enhance the pore pressure significantly.     

A scattering problem by means of the spectral representation of Green's function for a layered acoustic half-space

 The problem in this paper is for scattering waves caused by an object and a plane wave in a layered acoustic half space. The boundary integral equation method as well as the spectral representation of Green's function for a layered acoustic half space are introduced to the present analyses. The spectral form of Green's function developed here is expressed in terms of the eigenfunctions for the point and the continuous spectra, that is the extension form of Green's function expressed by Ewing, Jardetsky and Press (1957). The advantage of the spectral representation of Green's function is that it enables us to decompose the scattering waves into eigenfunctions for the layered medium. Several numerical calculations are carried out to examine the efficiency of the present method as well as the properties of the scattering waves. According to the numerical results, the spectral form of Green's function provides accurate values and is applicable to the boundary element analysis for a layered medium. The spectral structures of the scattering waves are also found to be able to explain their properties. Received 2 November 1999     

Plasmons and phonons in anisotropic systems and their effect on high-Tc superconductivity

The structure of the plasmon and phonon bands in conducting, highly anisotropic layered materials is studied. The observed high superconducting transition temperatures are caused, in our view, by the coexistence of strong electronphonon coupling and the plasmon mechanism. A generalized Eliashberg equation describing the effects of phonons and plasmons on the pairing is presented. Our approach is based on the method of thermodynamic Green's functions. We point out connections to experiments and briefly comment on other models.     

Seismic response to a prescribed seismogram of a body embedded in a multilayered half space

While the actual problem is composed of an active fault surface, a soil site and a body embedded at that site; the proposed method provides an alternative smaller linear problem by replacing the propagating rupture on the fault surface by a fictitious focal point and a seismograph station in the vicinity of the given soil site. The Green's function for each of three fundamental problems of isotropic elastic and viscoelastic spaces undergoing harmonic vibration is derived. Infinite elements are adopted in the far field, and finite elements in the near field. The three fundamental problem solutions are used as the shape functions of infinite element nodal lines. The three concentrated orthogonal force components at the focal point are determined in such a way that the Fourier transforms of the three orthogonal acceleration components measured at a seismograph station are checked. For seismic analysis of a finite embedded body, consider the differential between the actual system and the seismic free field, which is the embedding half space without any embedment and being excited by the fictitious focal point forces. All along the analysis has been carried out in the frequency domain. An appropriate inverse Fourier transform algorithm will properly yield all results as time functions.