基于数字散斑相关法的聚合物改性沥青混合料抗裂性能

为分析冻融循环对苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯（SBS）和橡胶粉（CR）改性沥青混合料抗裂性能的影响,首先,分别对盐溶液冻融循环和水溶液冻融循环改性沥青混合料进行了半圆试件弯拉试验,同时采用数字散斑相关法（DSCT）对加载过程试件表面的散斑图像进行处理,提取试件表面随着载荷变化的位移场和应变场信息;然后,通过分析变形场信息确定沥青混合料的抗裂性能,并与断裂韧性试验结果进行对比。结果表明:水平应变较适合用于对沥青混合料的抗裂性能开展特性研究;由水平应变-时间曲线可知,冻融循环后SBS和CR改性沥青混合料的抗裂性能均有所劣化,且盐溶液冻融循环对沥青混合料抗裂性能的影响要大于水溶液冻融循环的;与SBS改性沥青混合料相比,CR改性沥青混合料的抗裂性能较好。所得结论表明DSCT的分析结果与断裂韧性试验的分析结果一致,采用DSCT评价沥青混合料的抗裂性能是可行的。      

Evaluation of deformation properties of asphalt mixture using aggregate slip test

Asphalt mixture is a multiphase particulate material composed of aggregate, asphalt and filler. The deformation property of asphalt mixture is an external reflection of aggregate slip behaviour. To evaluate the high-temperature deformation properties of asphalt mixture, an aggregate slip device was developed and aggregate slip tests were conducted on five asphalt mixtures for different gradations under different test conditions. Four evaluation parameters, the slip failure load (F_s), the slip failure deformation (D_s), slip modulus parameter (M) and slip energy index (SEI), were obtained according to the load–displacement curves. The relationship between these parameters and rut depth (RD) was analysed. The effects of test temperature and asphalt content on slip resistance of asphalt mixture are studied in this research. The results indicate that the parameter F_s has limitations for large nominal maximum particle-size mixture, and SEI is an effective parameter to evaluate the aggregate slip properties for different nominal maximum particle-size asphalt mixtures. SEI has the strongest relationship to RD, which is the best parameter to evaluate the slip deformation behaviour of asphalt mixture. With the increase in asphalt content, SEI has a peak value and a valley value. When the optimum asphalt content is used in asphalt mixture, aggregate skeleton effect and asphalt cohesive force can both reach a high level, and asphalt mixture has the best deformation resistance.     

老化沥青砂浆损伤愈合性能研究

为研究老化作用对基质沥青砂浆和SBS改性沥青砂浆损伤自愈性能的影响,从内部条件和外部环境两方面,选取不同的影响因素,进行四因素三水平的正交试验设计,采用UTM-100万能试验机对两种沥青砂浆进行损伤—愈合—再损伤试验,选取破坏应变和断裂韧性作为自愈合评价指标对其进行分析。试验结果表明:以破坏应变作为愈合指标评价基质沥青砂浆的愈合性能不够准确全面,而断裂韧性能更合理的呈现两种沥青砂浆在不同条件下的愈合规律和差异;在4个影响因素中,老化程度对两种沥青砂浆损伤愈合影响最大;在相同的试验条件下,SBS改性沥青砂浆有较好的抗疲劳和抗开裂的能力,而与基质沥青砂浆相比愈合效果不明显,愈合温度、愈合时间、老化程度、损伤程度四个影响因素下基质沥青砂浆拥有更好的愈合能力。     

苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物与废橡胶粉复合改性高黏沥青及混合料性能研究

为了评价高黏改性剂对沥青性能的影响,采用高速剪切法制备了苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)改性沥青、废橡胶粉改性沥青和两种SBS/橡胶粉复合改性高黏沥青。通过三大指标试验、黏度试验、高温车辙试验和低温小梁弯曲试验,研究了高黏沥青的高低温性能、感温性能及沥青混合料路用性能。结果表明:4种改性沥青的高低温性能随各自改性剂掺量的增加逐渐提高,掺加10%北美岩沥青或2.5%多聚磷酸(PPA)的高黏沥青感温性能更稳定,较大幅度提升了黏度值,高温性能改善明显;掺加2.5%PPA的高黏沥青及其混合料能够更好地抵抗高温条件下的性能衰减,保证了使用效果,更适用于温度较高地区;掺加10%北美岩沥青的高黏沥青及其混合料在低温条件下性能良好,推荐在低温地区使用。     

沥青砂浆多次损伤自愈合性能

沥青砂浆由沥青、细骨料及填料三部分组成,对沥青混合料的性能具有重要影响。为对比分析自愈温度、自愈时间、老化程度及损伤程度对两种沥青砂浆愈合性能的影响,采用四因素三水平正交试验方法设计沥青砂浆小梁弯曲损伤愈合试验,选出最显著影响因素,进行多次间歇期的损伤自愈合试验。利用J积分理论对沥青砂浆的愈合程度进行价评,将断裂韧性J_c作为沥青砂浆损伤愈合的评价指标。试验结果表明：断裂韧性J_c能够表征沥青砂浆内部能量释放过程,可以很好的评价沥青砂浆的愈合能力;老化程度是影响沥青砂浆愈合性能的主要因素,与基质沥青砂浆相比,苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯（SBS）改性沥青砂浆在多次损伤自愈合后的愈合性能更好;随着损伤次数的增大两种沥青砂浆的愈合度都显著下降。试验结果可为沥青混合料性能研究及路面养护提供参考依据。     

TerminalBlend废胶粉-纳米SiO_2改性沥青粘温关系及低温韧性

为评价废胶粉-纳米复合改性沥青的高温抗变形性、流变特性及低温韧性,制备了湿法Terminal Blend胶粉-纳米SiO_2复合改性沥青,并借助旋转粘度、针入度、软化点、5℃和15℃延度试验进行了性能表征,还基于实测表观粘度拟合了复合改性沥青粘度-温度关系。结果表明:掺加纳米SiO_2后,复合改性沥青针入度减小,软化点升高,高温抗变形性能得到改善,且纳米SiO_2掺量越大,改善越显著;纳米SiO_2掺量4%时5℃延度比未掺前提高约37.5%。此外,复合改性沥青高温粘度较基质沥青和未纳米改性时有所增加,但135℃粘度不超过1500cP,施工和易性良好;粘度数据拟合还表明在135~200℃温度域内,复合改性沥青粘温关系符合较好的指数关系。     

多聚磷酸改性沥青老化前后高温流变性能

基于动态剪切流变(DSR)试验,对老化前后三种改性沥青:多聚磷酸(PPA)改性沥青、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)改性沥青及SBS-PPA复合改性沥青的高温性能进行分析。结果表明:在不同温度及老化作用下,与SBS改性沥青相比,PPA改性剂对沥青高温流变性能的改善更为突出,沥青中黏性成分减小,弹性成分增加。在SBS改性沥青中添加PPA可以明显增强改性沥青的弹性,降低其黏性,SBS-PPA复合改性沥青的高温性能优于SBS改性沥青。在长期老化下,PPA和SBS-PPA复合改性沥青中由储存模量G′占主导作用转变为损失模量G″占主导作用的温度转化点都较高,温度转化点:PPASBS-PPASBS。对于SBS改性沥青,温度和频率比老化作用对复数模量G*和相位角δ的影响更大,而PPA和SBS-PPA复合改性沥青受老化影响较大,随着老化程度的加深,可以在较宽的温度和频率范围内保持一定的弹性来抵抗变形。PPA改性沥青在老化前后,不同温度和频率下都具有较高的车辙因子G*/sinδ,且老化后G*/sinδ增加的最多,高温抗车辙能力更强,其次是SBS-PPA复合改性沥青。     

纳米粘土/聚苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物复合改性沥青短期老化前后性能研究

为探究纳米粘土与聚苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)复合改性沥青的流变特性和抗老化性能,采用物理试验、动态剪切流变(DSR)、多应力蠕变回复试验(MSCR)和弯曲梁流变试验(BBR),对旋转薄膜烘箱加热老化试验(RTFOT)前后的不同纳米粘土掺量的纳米粘土/SBS复合改性沥青进行对比,探讨短期老化前后不同纳米粘土掺量下纳米粘土/SBS复合改性沥青的抗老化性能。结果表明:添加纳米粘土能明显地提高SBS改性沥青的高温、低温性能和抗老化性能;随着纳米粘土掺量的增加,纳米粘土/SBS复合改性沥青短期老化后的抗车辙因子、不可恢复蠕变柔量等性能指标不同程度改善;十六烷基三甲基溴化铵活化的纳米粘土表现出较好的化学活化效果和抗老化性能。     

4.75 mm SMA Performance and Cost-Effectiveness for Asphalt Thin Overlays

This paper presents the design of stone matrix asphalt (SMA) with 4.75-mm nominal maximum aggregate size (NMAS) and alternative surfacing cross-section for an asphalt wearing course that may improve pavement performances while controlling costs by using locally available aggregates. The 4.75 -mm NMAS dense-graded mix was previously used in several states to reduce layer thickness and cost. Because of its poor friction and limited performance, however, it was generally used as levelling binder and placed on low-volume roads. The 4.75-mm SMA is proposed for thinner asphalt overlays in this study to improve its performance as well as surface texture. The ultimate goal of this study is to develop the 4.75-mm SMA and evaluate its performance and engineering benefits as a wearing course under laboratory and field conditions. Test pavement sections were constructed in Northern Illinois and on-site performance tests were conducted to evaluate its performance under actual traffic loading. The engineering cost-benefit analysis with respect to performances from both laboratory and field studies suggests the proper application of 4.75-mm SMA as an efficient and cost-effective wearing course for asphalt thin overlays.     

Investigating the effect of nanoparticles on the rutting behaviour of hot-mix asphalt

Rutting is considered as one of the major damages in asphalt mixtures. In this study, different types of nanoparticles such as TiO₂, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃ and ZnO in different percentages were added to the base asphalt binder in order to decrease the rutting potential of hot-mix asphalt (HMA). In the first step, asphalt binder tests for characteristics such as penetration grade, ductility, softening point and viscosity were performed on the asphalt binder modified by the nanoparticles. Then, after preparing HMA samples, the static creep test was done at two stress levels at a specific temperature. Results of this study showed that using the nanoparticles improved the behavioural properties of the asphalt binder and decreased rutting in asphalt mix samples. Furthermore, scanning electron microscope images taken from the asphalt binder samples modified by the nanoparticles demonstrated that these nanoparticles were properly distributed in the asphalt binder space and had a positive effect on the rutting performance of the asphalt mixes.     

Evaluation and optimization of the engineering properties of polymer-modified asphalt

Polymers are increasingly being used to modify asphalt and enhance highway pavement performance. This paper reports the development of a procedure to evaluate and optimize a polymer-modified asphalt (PMA). Two asphalt cements and two styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) copolymers were mixed at ten concentration levels. The engineering properties and morphologies of the binders were investigated using a dynamic shear rheometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and other rheological techniques. The morphology of the PMA was characterized by the SBS concentration and the microstructure of the copolymer. Polymer modification increased the elastic responses and dynamic moduli of asphalt binders. As the SBS concentration increased, the copolymer gradually became the dominant phase, accompanied by a change in engineering properties. Results from SEM demonstrated that, up to 6% concentration, good compatibility exists between SBS and asphalt binder. The modified binders show either a continuous asphalt phase with dispersed SBS particles or a continuous polymer phase with dispersed asphalt globules, or two interlocked continuous phases. The optimum SBS content was determined based on the formation of a critical network between asphalt and polymer.     

Dynamic mechanical characterization of asphalt concrete mixes with modified asphalt binders

The primary objective of this work is to characterize and compare the dynamic mechanical behavior of asphalt concrete mixes with styrene butadiene styrene (SBS) polymer and crumb rubber modified asphalt binders with the behavior of mixes with unmodified viscosity grade asphalt binders. Asphalt binders are characterized for their physical and rheological properties. Simple performance tests like dynamic modulus, dynamic and static creep tests are carried out at varying temperatures and time. Dynamic modulus master curves constructed using numerical optimization technique is used to explain the time and temperature dependency of modified and unmodified asphalt binder mixes. Creep parameters estimated through regression analysis explained the permanent deformation characteristics of asphalt concrete mixes. From the dynamic mechanical characterization studies, it is found that asphalt concrete mixes with SBS polymer modified asphalt binder showed significantly higher values of dynamic modulus and reduced rate of deformation at higher temperatures when compared to asphalt concrete mixes with crumb rubber and unmodified asphalt binders. From the concept of energy dissipation, it is found that SBS polymer modification substantially reduces the energy loss at higher temperatures. Multi-factorial analysis of variance carried out using generalized liner model showed that temperature, frequency and asphalt binder type significant influences the mechanical response of asphalt concrete mixes. The mechanical response of SBS polymer modified asphalt binders are significantly correlated with the rutting resistance of asphalt concrete mixes.     

Performance evaluation of asphalt mixtures containing recycled concrete aggregates

Abstract

To evaluate the feasibility of using Recycled Concrete Aggregates (RCA) in asphalt mixtures, the coarse RCA and fine RCA were prepared as a partial replacement of the natural aggregates (NA). Different amounts of replacement of NA with RCA were investigated, and the mechanical properties and pavement performance of asphalt mixtures containing different proportions of RCA were analysed based on laboratory tests. The results indicated that with increasing the RCA percentage, the optimum asphalt content increased and the bulk density of mixtures decreased as well. Mixtures containing 40% coarse RCA or 20% fine RCA both showed satisfactory performance. Besides, the mixture containing 40% fine RCA had the highest asphalt content, but gave much better performance compared to the virgin mix except for its bad resistance to permanent deformation. Finally, the pavement performance of mixtures containing 60% coarse RCA and 50% coarse RCA were unacceptable.     

天然岩沥青改性沥青试验及混合料性能研究

利用常规指标对不同掺量的岩沥青改性沥青进行评价;利用车辙试验、冻融劈裂试验对岩沥青改性沥青混合料进行评价。试验结果表明：天然岩沥青可以显著提高沥青的凝胶化程度,提高软化点和粘度;并显著改善沥青混合料的高温稳定性和水稳定性。     

Experimental investigation on preparation and performance of clear asphalt

Abstract

Coloured micro-surfacing technology has become increasingly popular in pavement construction because of its economic benefit and ability to accept traffic quickly. The main goal of this study was to produce a clear asphalt with superior performance that can be easily emulsified. Two types of resin that are easy to emulsify and one kind of extract oil were used to synthesise the clear asphalt. The clear asphalt was mixed with a styrene butadiene styrene (SBS) modifier at different proportions using a mechanical agitator. The physical properties of the samples were determined via conventional bitumen tests and the optimum formula was obtained by changing the mixture ratio through orthogonal experimentation. The thin-film oven test evaluated the ageing property of the clear asphalt. The surface energy components corresponding to the advancing process and the receding process were determined using the Wilhelmy plate method. The surface free energy (SFE) of the aggregates was measured with a gravimetric sorption analyser. The adhesive bond energies between asphalt samples and aggregates were calculated using their SFE components to evaluate their properties of fracture and healing. Results show that depending on the amount and type of resin added, different synthetic clear asphalts can be obtained. Further, the clear asphalt mixed with SBS is capable of synthesising better properties at high or low temperature. The clear asphalt with aggregates had fracture and healing properties similar to common base asphalt.     

钛酸酯偶联剂对SBS改性沥青性能的影响

SBS改性沥青具有良好的抗高低温性能,但在高温下储存稳定性差,易产生离析现象.在SBS改性沥青中添加钛酸酯偶联剂可进一步改善其高低温性能,提高其抵抗氧化、高温车辙和低温开裂的能力.通过研究钛酸酯偶联剂对SBS改性沥青性能的影响,获得了二者的最佳配比.偶联剂的加入可导致SBS与沥青之间、偶联剂与SBS之间以及偶联剂与沥青之间发生化学反应,形成网络结构,从而提高SBS与沥青的相容性和SBS改性沥青的稳定性.     

老化对改性沥青微观结构及疲劳性能的影响

为了研究老化对改性沥青微观结构及疲劳性能的影响,通过沥青常规指标测试试验、动态剪切流变（DSR）试验和AFM测试试验,从宏细观角度分析了老化前后苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物（SBS）改性沥青和胶粉改性沥青的针入度、延度和软化点及疲劳性能、微观结构的变化情况。结果表明：随着老化程度的加深,两种改性沥青的稠度、硬度增加,高温性能得到改善,而温度敏感性变低,低温抗裂性能变差。综合分析针入度比、延度比和软化点比得出胶粉改性沥青的抗老化性能优于SBS改性沥青;随温度的降低、频率的增大和老化程度的加深,两种改性沥青的抗疲劳性能变差;微观结构观测结果显示,SBS改性沥青具有"蜂型结构",老化后"蜂型结构"的体积增大、高度增加、数量减少;胶粉改性沥青没有"蜂型结构",胶粉颗粒与沥青在共混共融过程中发生溶胀、脱硫和降解等行为会影响沥青中"蜂型结构"的形成;老化前后胶粉改性沥青表面形貌粗糙度和高度变化不大;胶粉改性沥青的抗疲劳、抗老化和高温性能总体优于SBS改性沥青。     

橡胶沥青性能测试技术的应用

本文通过调查研究国内外评价橡胶沥青的常规技术指标体系,室内采用8种不同基质沥青制备橡胶沥青,基于国内外规范中的针入度、锥入度、延度、软化点、弹性恢复、回弹恢复、Brookfield旋转黏度及剪切流变（DSR）试验等对橡胶沥青性能进行了评价,重点分析基质沥青四组分与各检测指标之间的相关性。研究表明：橡胶粉的溶胀作用不充分会导致针入度和延度的试验结果误差较大,针入度和延度指标评价橡胶沥青缺乏科学性;小锥小皿试验数据稳定性较强,能够有效评价橡胶沥青抗剪切流变性能;回弹恢复能够有效评价橡胶沥青在较小变形范围内的弹性恢复能力;橡胶沥青线弹性范围确定为20%~30%;基于DSR试验进行的应变扫描试验、温度扫描试验、频率扫描试验和滞回环试验等够显著区分橡胶粉与基质沥青的配伍性,由重复蠕变试验测得的零剪切黏度（ZSV）能够合理评价橡胶沥青高温性能;采用多变量回归分析和灰色关联分别评价基质沥青四组分与各项性能指标间的相关性,其中沥青质和饱和分关联程度较高; 60℃车辙因子与基质沥青四组分的相关系数达0.900,60℃复数弹性模量和ZSV与基质沥青四组分的相关系数高达0.9999和1.0。     

基于PG的复合改性沥青路用性能对比

沥青路面低温性能是寒区沥青路面设计的主要指标之一,现有的单一改性沥青低温性能不能满足寒区沥青路面PG技术规范的要求。本研究根据黑龙江省常用道路沥青低温性能的PG试验评定结果,研究开发了几种复合改性沥青,以满足黑龙江省寒区沥青路面低温性能的要求。研究内容包括：黑龙江省沥青路面PG分区与PG_m-n标准的确定,黑龙江省道路沥青PG性能评定,复合改性沥青的研究开发与性能评定等。研究结果表明,黑龙江省道路沥青基本满足PG_m-n技术标准的高温性能要求,但均不满足PG_m-n技术标准的低温性能要求。复合改性沥青基本满足或接近黑龙江省道路沥青的PG_m-n低温性能标准。研究结果对改善黑龙江省沥青路面的低温性能具有一定的理论与实用价值。     

Reconsideration of the fatigue tests for asphalt mixtures and binders containing high percentage RAP

When applying reclaimed asphalt technology in a flexible pavement project, most performance concerns are related to low temperature and fatigue cracking since the stiffness of the HMA mixture could dramatically increase through adding a high percentage of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) material. The purpose of this study is to evaluate asphalt mixtures with high RAP contents, prepared using two RAP addition methods, for their performance based on fatigue-cracking resistance rather than relying on volumetric properties. Asphalt mixture samples were prepared with three RAP binder content replacement percentages (30, 40 and 50%) using two preparation methods: the as-is RAP gradation (traditional method) and the splitting of the RAP gradation into coarse and fine fractions (fractionated method). Asphalt mixture beam fatigue and binder fatigue time-sweep tests were performed. Beam fatigue samples also underwent freeze–thaw cycling for freeze–thaw damage evaluation. Rather than basing the performance based solely on S–N_f curves to illustrate the fatigue performance, the beam fatigue test data was analysed through a dissipated energy approach. Faster fatigue degradation was observed for the 40% RAP binder and beam mixture when subjected to repeated loading. From a morphology aspect, this can be explained by the binder’s phase separation and physical hardening effects.