Analysis of frequency response of IDT/ZnO/Si SAW filter using the coupling of modes model

A monolithic integration of filters on Si or GaAs substrates is highly desirable to miniaturize the outer dimensions of the cellular phones. But, direct monolithic integration of surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters is impossible with Si, which is nonpiezoelectric, and difficult with GaAs, which is weakly piezoelectric. One alternative is the deposition of a piezoelectric film on the semiconductor substrate. In this paper, we propose a modified coupling-of-modes (COM) approach, which can be used in the practical design of a layered ZnO/Si SAW filter. This is a dispersive SAW-layered filter, and some of the COM parameters become frequency dependent due to the phase velocity dispersion. The frequency response of the 3-step ladder type ZnO/Si SAW filter is analyzed and compared with the experimental results.     

Count time series prediction using particle filters

Non‐Gaussian dynamic models are proposed to analyse time series of counts. Three models are proposed for responses generated by a Poisson, a negative binomial, and a mixture of Poisson distributions. The parameters of these distributions are allowed to vary dynamically according to state space models. Particle filters or sequential Monte Carlo methods are used for inference and forecasting purposes. The performance of the proposed methodology is evaluated by two simulation studies for the Poisson and the negative binomial models. The methodology is illustrated by considering data consisting of medical contacts of schoolchildren suffering from asthma in England.     

A universal mathematical model of piezoelectric transducers of mechanical quantities with distributed parameters

The principles of the calculation and design of piezoelectric transducers (sensors) of mechanical quantities based on a mathematical model with distributed parameters are described. The calculation procedure is illustrated by examples of industrially employed piezoelectric sensors. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 12, pp. 30–35, December, 2007.     

Analysis of denoising filters on MRI brain images

The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modality is an effective tool in the diagnosis of the brain. These MR images are introduced with noise during acquisition which reduces the image quality and limits the accuracy in diagnosis. Elimination of noise in medical images is an important task in preprocessing and there exist different methods to eliminate noise in medical images. In this article, different denoising algorithms such as nonlocal means, principal component analysis, bilateral, and spatially adaptive nonlocal means (SANLM) filters are studied to eliminate noise in MR. Comparative analysis of these techniques have been with help of various metrics such as signal‐to‐noise ratio, peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR), mean squared error, root mean squared error, and structure similarity (SSIM). This comparative study shows that the SANLM denoising filter gives the best performance in terms of better PSNR and SSIM in visual interpretation. It also helps in clinical diagnosis of the brain.     

采用扬声器的虚拟声滤波器简化及其主观评价

对用扬声器的5.1通路环绕声虚拟重放系统的滤波器进行了简化,提出通过零极点的抵消可减少滤波器的脉冲响应长度。主观评价实验表明,在48kHz的采样频率下,采用128点(2.7ms)脉冲响应长度的滤波器进行处理可得到理想的主观听觉效果。采用64点(1.3ms)脉冲响应长度的滤波器会导致主观听觉效果略为下降,但实际中仍然可用。因而简化滤波器的脉冲响应长度较传统方法的5到10ms的量级要短,采用简单的FIR滤波器即可实现。     

Interlayer coupling in peroxitonic model of superconductivity

The unusual ESR spectra of YBa₂Cu₃O_7−x is ascribed to a Cu²⁺ ion, whose one ligand in CuO₂ plane is involved in a peroxiton O⁻−Cu⁺−O⁻ bond. The analysis shows that the presence of a ligand in O⁻ substantially increases the energies ofd-hole orbitals. Since this increase for YBa₂Cu₃O_7\t-\gd, orbital is much larger than that ford ₃ z ²−r ² orbital, their separation is drastically reduced and there occurs a significant orthorhombic mixing between the two. This charge transfer from a planard _x ²− _r ² orbital to ad ₃ z ²−r ² orbital, which lies mainly perpendicular to the plane, provides a mechanism for interlayer coupling. The effect of this coupling on superconducting transition temperature is discussed.     

Automatic defect inspection system of colour filters using Taguchi-based neural network

A coloured filter is a critical part of an LCD panel, especially to present a high quality colour display. At present, the defect detection of colour filters is conducted by manual inspection in the final product stage. However, poor detection efficiency and subjective judgment of manual inspection undermine accuracy. Therefore, this study applied image processing technology and the neural network to detect surface defects of colour filters in order to prevent losses arising from incorrect detection, lower production costs, and effectively improve yield. A back-propagation neural network (BPNN) classifier was selected to train the features. The results showed that the proposed method can be successfully applied in defect detection of colour filters to reduce artificial detection errors. In addition, the Taguchi method was used with BPNN to save time searching optimal learning parameters by the trial and error method, which achieves faster convergence, smaller convergent errors and better recognition rate. The results proved that the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of the Taguchi-based BPNN at final convergence is 0.000254, and recognition rate reaches 94%. Therefore, the proposed method has good effects in detecting the micro defects of a colour filter panel.     

基于软化拉-压杆模型的小跨高比钢板-混凝土组合连梁受剪承载力分析

钢板-混凝土组合(PRC)连梁由于内嵌钢板的作用可显著提高连梁的抗剪承载力和延性耗能能力,但目前对其受剪承载力理论分析研究较少。该文应用软化拉-压杆模型方法对小跨高比PRC连梁进行了受力分析,并结合条带模型,建立了小跨高比PRC连梁受剪承载力分析模型和计算方法,进一步提出了小跨高比PRC连梁受剪承载力简化软化-拉压杆模型计算方法,通过国内外37个小跨高比PRC连梁试验结果对模拟计算建议模型的合理性进行了验证,并与国内外相关规程计算结果进行对比。结果表明:软化拉-压杆模型方法计算值与试验值吻合较好,该方法有明确的力学计算模型,能较为合理的反映跨高比不大于2.5的小跨高比PRC连梁的受剪机理。     

FRM滤波器中应用积分梳状滤波器的研究

传统的频率响应屏蔽(Frequency Response Masking,FRM)滤波器由多个含有乘法器的滤波器构成,计算复杂度较高。提出了一种改进窄带低通FRM数字滤波器设计复杂度的方法,使用积分梳状滤波器作为屏蔽滤波器,以达到设计窄过渡带的滤波器的要求。仿真结果表明,在降低窄带低通FRM滤波器计算复杂度方面效果明显,有效地减少了乘法器的使用,降低了目标滤波器设计的阶数。该方法可以应用于窄过渡FRM数字滤波器的设计中。     

Kalman filter-based force estimation in a clamped plate using reduced order model and noisy measurements

Deterministic techniques are available for force estimation in dynamic systems in time, frequency, and modal domain. But, these techniques are susceptible to measurement noise and require an accurate model of the system, hence, are not suitable for precise force estimation. Some combined deterministic-stochastic approaches are available in the literature for unknown input force estimations, where force estimations are performed by considering the model uncertainty and measurement noise. In the present work, one such technique is extended by incorporating reduced-order model to estimate forces in of plate structures. Kalman filter and a recursive least-squares (KF-RLSE)-based technique which uses displacement and/or velocity measurements for force estimation is used in the present work with a reduced-order model. Time-varying unknown forces acting at single/multiple locations are reconstructed using the measured responses from the plate. Numerical simulation followed by experimental verification is presented. The effect of error in model parameters on the force estimation is presented, and robustness of the input estimation technique is tested for different levels of measurement noise.     

索杆梁耦合结构分析模型及其应用研究

为了研究索杆滑动连接特性对索杆梁耦合结构受力的影响,定义了由一个通过滑动节点连接的三节点活动滑移索单元和多个两节点非活动滑移索单元组成的单元组,基于更新拉格朗日法推导了三节点直线型滑索单元几何非线性刚度矩阵,并建立了输电线路索杆梁耦合结构有限元模型。通过高压架空输电线路耐张段的非线性静力调索分析验证了耦合结构模型的可行性,探讨了耦合结构在导线发生断裂失效后的动响应变化规律及其传播特性。计算结果表明,导线静态张力与规范设计参数相差较小,可用于后续分析。考虑滑移的导线张力在导线断裂初期有短暂增加的趋势。导线断裂对邻近绝缘子和铁塔横担杆件的受力有明显的影响,且动响应的传播会导致邻近塔的导线张力增加。     

Mathematical model of the non-steady-state adsorption and biodegradation capacities of BAC filters

This research was focused on developing a non-steady-state numerical model to differentiate the adsorption and biodegradation quantities of a biological activated carbon (BAC) column. The mechanisms considered in this model included adsorption, biodegradation, convection and diffusion. Simulations were performed to evaluate the effects of some parameters such as specific biodegradation rates and diffusivities on adsorption and biodegradation performances for the removal of dissolved organic matter from water. The results show that the developed model can predict the experimental data well. The biofilm developed around the BAC granules can hinder the mass transfer of the substrate onto the GAC surface, and the adsorption process will be restricted by the biofilm thickness. Although increasing the specific biodegradation rate can increase the performance of biodegradation, the adsorption efficiency will be decreased by lowering the boundary concentration in the interface of GAC. On the contrary, increasing the diffusivity can increase both the adsorption and biodegradation efficiencies simultaneously; so that the overall removal efficiency can be promoted through the improvement of mass transfer.     

Ventricular segmentation and modeling using topological watershed transformation and harmonic state model

This paper proposes an adapted ventricular segmentation method based on topological watershed transform. Segmentation will allow spatio-temporal modeling of trajectories of the different points belonging to the borders of the ventricle using a harmonic motion model that is able to describe such motion over the entire cardiac cycle. In addition, extraction of the adopted canonical state vector and the corresponding state equations guarantees an optimal efficacy and a gradual transition from order n to order n + 1. To validate the proposed approach, an intern-image base was used. Our results show a promising ability to discern whether subjects are healthy or pathological with an 80% success rate.     

Analysis of unstable modes distinguishes mathematical models of flagellar motion

The mechanisms underlying the coordinated beating of cilia and flagella remain incompletely understood despite the fundamental importance of these organelles. The axoneme (the cytoskeletal structure of cilia and flagella) consists of microtubule doublets connected by passive and active elements. The motor protein dynein is known to drive active bending, but dynein activity must be regulated to generate oscillatory, propulsive waveforms. Mathematical models of flagellar motion generate quantitative predictions that can be analysed to test hypotheses concerning dynein regulation. One approach has been to seek periodic solutions to the linearized equations of motion. However, models may simultaneously exhibit both periodic and unstable modes. Here, we investigate the emergence and coexistence of unstable and periodic modes in three mathematical models of flagellar motion, each based on a different dynein regulation hypothesis: (i) sliding control; (ii) curvature control and (iii) control by interdoublet separation (the ‘geometric clutch’ (GC)). The unstable modes predicted by each model are used to critically evaluate the underlying hypothesis. In particular, models of flagella with ‘sliding-controlled’ dynein activity admit unstable modes with non-propulsive, retrograde (tip-to-base) propagation, sometimes at the same parameter values that lead to periodic, propulsive modes. In the presence of these retrograde unstable modes, stable or periodic modes have little influence. In contrast, unstable modes of the GC model exhibit switching at the base and propulsive base-to-tip propagation.     

Analysis of the stress intensity factor dependence with the crack velocity using a lattice model

In this work, the influence of crack propagation velocity in the stress intensity factor has been studied. The analysis is performed with a lattice method and a linear elastic constitutive model. Numerous researchers determined the relationship between the dynamic stress intensity factor and crack propagation velocity with experimental and analytical results. They showed that toughness increases asymptotically when the crack tip velocity is near to a critical. However, these methods are very complex and computationally expensive; furthermore, the model requires the use of several parameters that are not easily obtained. Moreover, its practical implementation is not always feasible. Hence, it is usually omitted. This paper aims to capture the physics of this complex problem with a simple fracture criterion. The selected criterion is based on the maximum principal strain implemented in a lattice model. The method used to calculate the stress intensity factor is validated with other numerical methods. The selected example is a finite 2D notched under mode I fracture and different loads rates. Results show that the proposed model captures the asymptotic behaviour of the SIF in function of crack speed, as reported in the aforementioned models.     

基于有限元与光滑粒子耦合的弹丸挤进过程分析

基于有限元（FEM）与光滑粒子（SPH）耦合算法,建立弹丸身管耦合系统动力学模型。通过对某大口径火炮弹丸挤进过程进行数值模拟,弥补弹丸挤进过程有限元分析方法无法有效模拟弹带大变形缺陷,成功模拟出弹丸挤进阶段弹带塑性流动过程,在此基础上深入研究弹带的应力应变变化规律。分析弹丸初始装填角、弹炮间隙、弹丸装填不到位等因素对挤进过程中弹丸动力响应影响。结果表明,仿真与实弹射击的弹带变形一致性较好。     

Analysis of ductile to cleavage transition in part-through cracks using a cell model incorporating statistics

This paper describes an approach to study ductile/cleavage transition in ferritic steels using the methodology of a cell model for ductile tearing incorporating weakest link statistics. The model takes into account the constraint effects and puts no restriction on the extent of plastic deformation or amount of ductile tearing preceding cleavage failure. The parameters associated with the statistical model are calibrated using experimental cleavage fracture toughness data, and the effect of threshold stress on predicted cleavage fracture probability is investigated. The issue of two approaches to compute Weibull stress, the 'history approach' and the 'current approach', is also addressed. The numerical approach is finally applied to surface-cracked thick plates subject to different histories of bending and tension, and a new parameter, ψ, is introduced to predict the location of cleavage initiation.     

基于有限元能量流模型的复杂耦合结构中低频段耦合损耗因子的计算

有限元能量流模型在随机宽带激励下,得到各子系统的空间及频域平均的能量,将其代入能量平衡方程,得到了柔性体之间的间接耦合损耗因子。与传统有限元模型计算耦合损耗因子的方法相比,该方法计算效率更高;与传统统计能量分析模型计算耦合损耗因子的方法相比,该方法计算精度更加可信。最后,该方法通过试验得到了验证。     

基于变分渐近法预测饱和多孔介质流固耦合性能的细观力学模型

饱和岩土类多孔材料内固、液相不同属性产生的各向异性和多孔微结构的不均匀性使得材料的细观力学特性计算变得十分复杂。为准确预测岩土类材料的有效弹性性能和细观应力-应变场,基于Biot多孔弹性介质理论,建立可描述岩土类多孔材料固液相运动的能量泛函和相应的多孔弹性本构关系;利用细、宏观尺度比作为小参数将能量变分泛函渐近扩展为系列近似泛函;以场变量波动函数为未知量,通过解决近似泛函的最小化问题(驻值问题)得到波动函数的解析解,从而建立逼近物理和工程真实性的细观力学模型,并通过有限元技术得以数值实现。多孔介质材料细观力学特性算例表明:与经典均匀化理论(将液体类比为具有较高泊松比的固体材料)相比,基于变分渐近均匀化细观模型预测的多孔介质材料细观力学特性更精确,尤其是能准确重构多孔微结构内局部应力-应变场分布,为损伤破坏、局部断裂分析奠定了坚实基础。