一种在线测算交流永磁同步电机定子电感参数的方法

本文介绍了一种采用准电流定向控制在线测算交流永磁同步电机定子电感参数的新方法,该方法利用通用的PWM调制的电压型逆变器在电机定子d轴上施加了一个正负交替的小电压,与d轴上获得的正负交替的小电流一起推算出定子电感参数。该法具有测试时间短和电机无需堵转的特点。它所涉及到的数学计算简单易于数字编程实现。MATLAB仿真结果证明了该方法的可行性和正确性。     

Operation speed limited by the electric properties of?the?photorefractive spatial light modulator

With excellent photo-electric and electro-optical effects, the photorefractive spatial light modulators can work as optically addressed modulators in optical information processing systems and parallel optical computing systems. The photo-induced current pulses of the photorefractive spatial light modulator observed in the experiments are analyzed to conclude the characteristics, and to find the relationship between the properties of the current pulse and the structural parameters. Furthermore, the origin of the photo-induced current pulse is analyzed, and the methods to improve the operation speed of the spatial light modulators are proposed. The research results will be significant for extending the applications of the photorefractive spatial light modulators, and pushing ahead the research of all-optical modulation materials and devices for optical supercomputing.     

Fundamentals of non-linear control systems with pulse-frequency and pulse-width modulation

We consider non-linear sampled-data control systems consisting of a continuous linear part and a non-linear pulse modulator (PM). The PM modulates a sequence of rectangular pulses by sign, frequency and duration, as a function of a linear combination of discrete values of the system coordinates.     

High‐frequency drive of high‐Xe‐content PDPs for high efficiency and low‐voltage performance

Abstract— It has been well known that the luminous efficiency of PDPs can be improved by increasing the Xe content in the panel. For instance, the efficiency is improved by a factor 1.7 when the Xe content is increased from 3.5% to 30%. The sustain pulse voltage, however, increases from 180 to 230 V by a factor 1.3. It was found that the increase in the sustain pulse voltage can be suppressed by increasing the sustain pulse frequency. The high‐frequency operation further increases the luminous efficiency. If the Xe content is increased from 3.5% to 30% and the drive pulse frequency is increased from 147 to 313 kHz, the luminous efficiency becomes 2.7 times higher and the luminance 4.5 times higher. Furthermore, the increase in the sustain pulse voltage is suppressed 1.1 times, from 180 to 200 V. A mechanism of attaining high efficiency and low‐voltage performance can be considered as follows. A train of pulses is applied during a sustain period. As the sustain pulse frequency is increased, the pulse repetition rate becomes faster and a percentage of the space charge created by the previous pulse remains until the following pulse is applied. Due to the priming effect of these space charge, the discharge current build‐up becomes faster, the width of the discharge current becomes narrower, ion‐heating loss is reduced, and the effective electron temperature is optimized so that Xe atoms are excited more efficiently. The intensity of Xe 147‐nm radiation, dominant in low‐pressure Xe dis‐charges, saturates with respect to electron density due to plasma saturation. This determines the high end of the sustain pulse frequency.     

高速行驶车辆位置信息快速检测系统设计

设计了基于地感线圈的高速公路车辆位置信息检测器,采用具有输入捕捉和定时器功能的单片机,捕捉振荡信号频率的变化判断车辆位置。系统通过单片机定时模块获取多个脉冲的持续时间,通过增加脉冲数的方式增加计时时间,提高位置信息检测的精度。为了提高检测方法的鲁棒性,系统在计数持续脉冲总时间的过程中,也在实时测试每个脉冲的时间,去除脉冲时间过短的高频干扰信号。设计了自动复位功能,如若在设定时间内检测不到车辆到来,则通过外部电路使单片机复位,防止系统工作异常。系统经模拟试验测试表明,设计的振荡电路能够产生稳定的振荡信号,当模拟车辆通过时,系统能较快响应车辆位置变化。     

High‐speed and low‐voltage write addressing of plasma display panels by use of extremely weak discharge

Although the priming effect shortens address period and reduces address voltage, it is difficult to use the priming effect for the conventional write addressing method because the ramp reset pulses provide little priming effect. An extremely weak discharge for priming has been incorporated with write addressing method. The extremely weak discharge is generated by priming pulse applied just prior to the scan pulse. In the 4‐in‐diagonal test panel containing Ne + 10%Xe mixture gas, infrared emission intensity of the discharge is 900 times smaller than that of sustain discharge. Therefore, there is no degradation of dark room contrast ratio. Because the priming discharge generates a very small amount of charges, there is little reduction in the amount of wall charge accumulated during reset period. Namely, increase in address voltage can be avoided. Although the discharge intensity is extremely low, it provides sufficient priming particles for high‐speed and low‐voltage addressing. When priming pulse voltage is 70 V and width is 10 µs, the address discharge delay is reduced to less than half. When the scan voltage margin is 10 V, the data voltage is reduced to 17 V, which is 20 V lower than that of conventional method.     

Genetic synthesis of a fuzzy pulse discriminator in electrical discharge machining

In this paper, a sensor system, called a fuzzy pulse discriminator, is developed to classify various discharge pulses in electrical discharge machining (EDM). The fuzzy rules of the pulse discriminator are obtained based on the features of the gap voltage and gap current between the tool workpiece. The membership functions of the fuzzy pulse discriminator are automatically synthesized by using genetic algorithms. The effectiveness of this approach is verified under different cutting parameters.     

Minimum Energy Actuation and Bounce-Back Behavior of Microbeams Using $delta$ Voltage Pulses

Minimizing impact force during actuation reduces damage to contacting surfaces. An electrostatic actuation method for creating a soft contact between dielectric and semiconductor surfaces is described and applied to cantilevers and clamped beams. The method utilizes a short high-voltage delta-pulse followed by a low dc hold voltage to pull in the cantilever or beams. Removal of the hold voltage releases the beam back to its rest position. The height and the shape of the delta-pulse control the energy transferred to the beams and are shown to be critical in predicting minimum actuation voltages. Actuation pulses with heights even a few tenths of a volt above minimum can lead to stuck devices, whereas minimum pulses do not. The actuation method has been experimentally tested, and a simplified mathematical model has been simulated to confirm the experiment results. In addition, it is observed that a high-voltage actuation pulse applied for a longer time than necessary to actuate, but in phase with the apparent elastic response of the beam, will cause the beam to bounce upward rather than stick during actuation.     

Address pulses during sustain period for increasing luminous efficiency

Abstract— A new driving method using a short pulse applied to the address electrode (i.e., address pulse) during a sustain period is proposed to improve the luminous efficiency. In this method, short pulses are additionally applied to the address electrode during the rising or falling edge of the sustain pulses. In the case of a small sustain gap, address pulses synchronized with a rising edge of the sustain pulse can help the expansion of the discharge volume toward the address electrode, whereas address pulses synchronized with a falling edge of the sustain pulse produce a self‐erasing discharge, which improves the luminous efficiency. In the case of a large sustain gap, the application of the address pulse can produce a stable sustain discharge at a low sustain voltage level, generating an efficient discharge even in the case of the long discharge path.     

通信电缆断点故障的测距系统设计

介绍了一种利用低压脉冲反射法测量通信电缆断点故障位置的方法,及89C52单片机建立电缆断点故障的测距系统.通过该系统控制发射高频脉冲,将脉冲波幅度提高,结合设备载波送入电缆,脉冲波在电缆中传播,遇到高阻的断点、终端点就会发生反射,反射波又经脉冲接收电路到达该系统.在线获取从发射脉冲波开始到接收反射脉冲波为止的时间,计算出电缆断点故障点的准确位置.该系统结构简单、操作简便、测距精度较高、应用效果良好.     

X12.017嵌块驱动器在汽车仪表中的应用

以微处理器为核心，应用传感器将水温和燃油液面位置转换成相应的电阻值．通过恒流源变换成相对应的电压模拟信号，经模数转换器变换为数字信号，应用相关算法．进行线性化处理。通过X12．017嵌块驱动器驱动步进电机带动指针转动，指示出实测的水温和燃油液面值。     

Current drive methods to extend the range of travel ofelectrostatic microactuators beyond the voltage pull-in point

When a voltage source drives an electrostatic parallel plate actuator, the well-known pull-in instability limits the range of displacement to 1/3 of the gap. Different strategies have been reported to overcome this limitation. More recently, experimental results have been presented using a capacitor in series with the actuator. Nevertheless, this strategy requires higher voltage than the pull-in voltage value to achieve full range of travel. In order to reduce the operating voltage, a switched-capacitor configuration has been also proposed. In this paper, two different approaches are introduced to control charge in the actuator by means of current driving. Theoretical equations derived for each method show that full range of travel can be achieved without voltage penalty. Both approaches are based on the use of current pulses injecting the required amount of charge to fix the position of the movable plate. Experimental measurements, showing that displacement beyond the pull-in point can be achieved, are in good agreement with the theoretical and the predicted simulated behavior     

电网电压不平衡条件下并网逆变器的研究

采用一种具有双参数控制的结构实现并网运行和负序电流的消除,直流侧的电压控制环作为并网的基础控制,同时提取电网电压和逆变器输出电压的负序分量并加以控制,当两者相等时就可以达到消除负序电流的目的,然后对负序电压的获取以及电流的跟踪控制作了分析。最后利用Matlab/Simulink对系统进行仿真,验证了系统的可行性。     

基于解耦锁相的风电逆变并网控制系统仿真

采取双同步坐标系解耦锁相的方法,检测出不平衡电网电压中的正序分量和负序分量,并利用坐标变换的数学手段建立包括网侧PWM 逆变控制、电压锁相环在内的直驱式风力发电的网侧数学模型,提出电流解耦控制策略,同时结合矢量脉宽调制方法( SVPWM) 对交流侧输出电流实施有效控制。使其能独立控制输出电流的有功分量和无功分量,并使输出电流波形为正弦波且与电网电压同频率同相位,从而减少了对电网电压的谐波污染,并消除电压不平衡的影响,实现三相电网电压幅值不平衡时输出电流与电网电压的精确锁相。还利用MATLAB/Simulink 软件平台搭建了系统的仿真模型,在电网电压平衡和不平衡时分别进行仿真,仿真结果证明控制系统的可行性与有效性,提高了风力发电并网的可靠性。     

优化伪随机脉冲位置调制序列激励的无串扰超声测距系统

超声测距系统中多路换能器同时工作存在的串扰会导致错误的距离测量和降低系统的工作效率.为消除此串扰,提出伪随机脉冲位置调制(PPPM)法用于构造超声发射序列.PPPM序面中脉宽固定,脉冲位置由伪随机数序列调制.为获得满面春风锐的自相函数和平坦的互丰关函数,对四种常用的同余法产生的伪随机数进行了定量检验,并选定统计特性最好的系列静电型换能器构成的超声测距系统,实验验证了所提方法的可行性.     

Feasibility of driving PDPs with 1‐V data and 30‐V scan pulses by controlling the self‐erase‐discharge threshold

Abstract— In order to realize low‐voltage addressing of PDPs, an erase‐addressing scheme was adopted together with an accumulation of an appropriate amount of wall charge by using priming and bias pulses prior to addressing. The switching operation is performed by using sharp threshold characteristics of the self‐erase discharge. Cessation of the scan pulse ignites a weak self‐erase discharge, which, together with the data pulse, triggers an intense self‐erase discharge. By using the drive scheme, the data‐ and scan‐pulse voltages can be reduced to 1.1 and 29.6 V, respectively, provided that the panel has perfectly uniform voltage characteristics.     

Finite-pulse stability of interconnected systems with complete-reset pulse frequency modulators

An interconnected system of complete-reset pulse frequency modulators (CRPFM's) and linear dynamic subsystems is considered. Upper bounds are determined for the number of pulses emitted by each modulator. Each of these bounds represents a measure of the energy spent by the respective modulator. Finiteness of these bounds for all modulators constitues finite-pulse stability and implies finite energy expanded. Sufficient conditions are established for finite-pulse stability.     

A sliding-mode observer for high-performance sensorless control of PMSM with initial rotor position detection

This paper proposes a new method to detect the initial rotor position at standstill of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). To estimate rotor position and rotor speed from the back electromotive force (EMF) voltage, we apply sensorless speed control based on sliding-mode observer (SMO). The initial rotor position is detected by using a suitable high-frequency sequence of voltage pulses intermittently applied to the stator windings at standstill. With this approach, we managed to minimise the error on the estimated position to 3.75° electrical degrees without additional materials and uncomplicated calculations. The stability of the proposed SMO was verified using the Lyapunov method. Numerical simulations and experiments demonstrate that the novel SMO method can effectively estimate rotor position and speed with achievement of good static and dynamic performance. The experimental implementation is carried out on powerful dSpace DS1103 controller board based on the digital signal processor (DSP) TMS320F240.     

Chaos and fractals from a forced artificial neural cell

Chaos and fractal responses from an artificial neural cell stimulated by a periodic square wave are discussed. The dynamics are described by an autonomous equation, and the one-dimensional return map is derived explicitly. The relation between the exciting pulse-width tau(1), and the excited rate gamma(e) which is the number ratio of input pulses and output pulses investigated. Mathematical evidence for gamma(e) to be Cantor function for tau(1) is given. It corresponds to fractal responses. A condition for observable chaos generation in responses from the cell is proved. This condition is described only by parameters. Some of the theoretical results are verified by laboratory experiments.     

脉宽调制程控恒流源的设计

介绍了程控恒流源电路的设计。该程控恒流源电路的原理是由单片机片内定时器输出的脉宽调制信号产生可控的电压输出,并用该电压控制恒流源产生可控电流,通过单片机的键盘接口对输出电流进行设定,从而实现输出电流的连续调节与电流的动态测量,采用该程控恒流源电路进行了气敏元件烧结、老化装备设计,保证了气敏元件的产品质量。