Sensory profiling of aroma in Greek dry red wines using rank-rating and monadic scoring related to headspace composition

Rank-rating and monadic scoring were compared in profiling sensory aroma character of 27 Greek dry red wines with 16 attributes. In parallel wine headspace volatiles were quantified using solid-phase micro-extraction gas chromatography but not identified. In rank-rating, 14 aroma attributes showed discriminations with P<0.05 and 11 P<0.001. In scoring, 6 of 16 attributes showed P<0.05. Principal component analysis (PCA) explained 88% variance in rank-rating data, with six significant components (PCs), in scoring 40% in two PCs. PCA analysis of 83 common flavour volatiles explained 48% variance in six PCs. Partial least-squares regression (PLS1) modelling achieved more and better models for attributes using rank-rating, 8 of 14, than for scoring, 3 of 16; PLS2 explained greater variance in rank-rating. For wine sensory/instrumental correlation studies, rank-rating has distinct advantages over monadic scoring in deciding volatiles contributing to sensory character prior to identification strategies such as HRGC–mass spectrometry.     

Sensory flavour discrimination of Greek dry red wines

Aroma (16) and oral (17)—flavour by mouth, after‐taste and mouthfeel—attributes were separately profiled in 27 Greek red wines, products of single Greek indigenous grapes (Aghiorghitiko and Xinomavro) and international (Syrah and Cabernet Sauvignon) varieties and blends. From univariate analysis (ANOVA) of assessor data, 6 of 16 aroma and 16 of 17 oral attributes were significant (P < 0.05) in discriminations. Principal component analysis (PCA) product spaces of aroma and oral attributes explained 40% and 71% variance respectively. Discriminant partial least‐squares regression (DPLS), ANOVA and PCA discerned similar influences of variety and region of origin. Coding DPLS2 for variety, 76% and 38% of oral and aroma attribute variance respectively, and 39% and 18% category respectively were explained. Aghiorghitiko usage conferred fruity and sweet tastes and after‐tastes and smooth mouthfeel, typical of Peleponnese wines where this cultivar dominates. In contrast, Xinomavro products were bitter and sour in taste and bitter in after‐taste, with astringent and dry/dehydrating mouthfeel, but this was not characteristic of all wines from Macedonia. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

炒籽温度对茶油关键香气成分及感官品质的影响

为分析炒籽温度对茶油关键香气成分及感官品质的影响,并比较海南和湖南两地产热榨茶油的香气成分与感官品质间的相关性和差异,通过HS-SPME-GC-MS分析海南茶油及不同炒籽温度处理的湖南茶油的香气成分组成,计算ROAV值确定其关键香气成分,并进行感官分析,建立PLS模型。结果表明,海南茶油和湖南炒籽茶油中最主要的香气成分为(E)-2-癸烯醛、壬醛、苯乙醛、2,5-二甲基吡嗪和3-乙基-2,5-二甲基吡嗪;随着炒籽温度升高,炒籽茶油的黄色评分降低,红色、褐色显著升高,茶油清香味逐渐减少,烤香味逐渐增加;海南茶油均具有较强的茶油清香味和烤香味,湖南炒籽茶油在较高温度处理下会产生相似的烤香味,但茶油清香味普遍低于海南茶油,因此湖南产茶籽通过海南传统高温炒籽方法制得的茶油,其香气与海南茶油仍有一定的区别。此外,对关键香气成分与感官属性建立PLS模型,交叉验证相关系数Q2为0.901,说明该模型具有较好的预测热榨茶油香气品质的能力。     

感官定量描述分析对竹酒风味特征的研究

参照国内外酒类风味轮建立的方法及国标GB/T 16861—1997《感官分析 通过多元分析方法鉴定和选择用于建立感官剖面的描述词》,对不同工艺生产的40个竹酒进行感官描述分析,获得竹酒风味特征的描述语,采用聚类分析（CA）对香气、口感、口味的34个描述语进行归类,Pearson相关性分析考察同一类别下描述语之间的相关性。为进一步验证聚类分析（CA）的结果,方差分析筛选不同竹酒中具有显著差异的风味描述语,绘制竹酒风味轮。根据结果最终保留14个香气特征描述语、8个口感特征描述语、3个口味特征描述语、5个颜色特征描述语作为竹酒的风味轮,并采用对比分析和雷达图对6个具有代表性的竹酒样品进行分析,结果表明,采用活竹竹节陈酿工艺的竹酒香气淡雅舒适,口感淡爽清甜;采用竹制容器陈酿或陶缸浸泡竹片陈酿工艺的竹酒则香气浓郁复杂,竹木香的风格更加突出。     

Yeast derivatives (extracts and autolysates) in winemaking: Release of volatile compounds and effects on wine aroma volatility

A qualitative study of volatile compounds in three commercial yeast extracts and autolysates was performed by solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography with mass spectrometric and olfactometric detection; their addition to white wines and their effect on wine aroma composition were investigated by analytical, olfactometric and sensory evaluations. More than 160 volatile compounds were detected in the headspace of the commercial powders (some not previously reported in literature), and their olfactory characters were described. Yeast derivatives strongly modified wine aroma composition, either affecting the volatility of wine aroma compounds or by releasing exogenous volatiles. Dosage appeared to be fundamental: low amounts increased the volatility of some esters, giving more flowery and fruity notes to the wine; higher amounts increased fatty acid content in the wine headspace, producing yeasty, herbaceous and cheese-like smells. Sensory tests demonstrated that yeast derivatives would not be suitable for wines with a typical varietal aroma.     

Effect of grape pre-drying and static pomace contact on physicochemical properties and sensory acceptance of Brazilian (Bordô and Isabel) red wines

Wine quality is evaluated by sensory attributes and physicochemical properties whose relationship is intensely investigated. This work aimed to analyze the physicochemical properties and sensory attributes of wines from Bordô and Isabel American grapes elaborated by a traditional and two novel winemaking processes: pre-drying and submerged static pomace. It was possible to observe significant differences between the samples in all physicochemical properties (P < 0.001), except in volatile acidity. Bordô and Isabel pre-drying wines presented the highest values of dry extract (43.00 and 33.66 g L^?1) in comparison with the other wines which presented dry extract below 30 g L^?1. Furthermore, pre-drying wines showed the highest phenolic content (1340.80 and 908.80 mg L^?1) in comparison with static pomace (998.02 and 433.46 mg L^?1) and traditional treatments (983.96 and 560.26 mg L^?1). Sensory analysis showed significant differences between the samples in all attributes, except in appearance acceptance. Cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling was successfully applied and allowed to observe the relationship between physicochemical properties and sensory attributes. Total phenolic content and color indexes were associated with the appearance of wines, as well as alcohol content and acidity on aroma. The results also revealed the connection between dry extract and total and reducing sugars with the body of wines from innovative vinification. The flavor was associated with several physicochemical properties and also influenced the global acceptance of the samples. The innovative wines showed great acceptance in all sensory attributes, and the employment of these treatments on an industrial scale should be considered once providing wines with unique characteristics.     

Alcohol,Tannins, and Mannoprotein and their Interactions Influence the Sensory Properties of Selected Commercial Merlot Wines: A Preliminary Study

The objective of this study was to assess the influence of the interaction among alcohol, tannins, and mannoproteins on the aroma, flavor, taste, and mouthfeel characteristics of selected commercial Merlot wines. Merlot wines (n = 61) were characterized for wine chemistry parameters, including pH, titratable acidity, alcohol, glucose, fructose, tannin profile, total proteins, and mannoprotein content. Agglomerative clustering of these physicochemical characteristics revealed 6 groups of wines. Two wines were selected from each group (n = 12) and profiled by a trained sensory evaluation panel. One wine from each group was evaluated using the electronic tongue (e‐tongue). Sensory evaluation results showed complex effects among tannins, alcohol, and mannoproteins on the perception of most aromas, flavors, tastes, and mouthfeel attributes (P < 0.05). The e‐tongue showed distinct differences among the taste attributes of the 6 groups of wines as indicated by a high discrimination index (DI = 95). Strong correlations (r² > 0.930) were reported between the e‐tongue and sensory perception of sweet, sour, bitter, burning, astringent, and metallic. This study showed that interactions among wine matrix components influence the resulting sensory perceptions. The strong correlation between the e‐tongue and trained panel evaluations indicated the e‐tongue can complement sensory evaluations to improve wine quality assessment.     

西北地区干红葡萄酒质量相关理化指标的判别功能解析

为解析西北地区干红葡萄酒的质量相关理化指标的溯源判别功能,以新疆、宁夏和内蒙古乌海产区共27款干红葡萄酒为材料,基于分光光度法分析检测与色泽、味感和香气质量相关的花色苷、单宁、酒石酸酯等指标,且进行香气特征的感官量化分析.统计分析结果表明,CIELab色空间和花色苷等色泽指标中前两个主成分占总体方差71.08％,判别干...     

Effect of aging in new oak, one-year-used oak, chestnut barrels and bottle on color, phenolics and gustative profile of three monovarietal red wines

This study provides specific information about the influence of storage in bottle and in 225-L barrels made from oak (new and used for 1 year) and chestnut wood on color indexes, spectrophotometric evaluable polyphenols, anthocyanins, phenolic acids and gustative attributes of three monovarietal red wines (Piedirosso, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot). The results of the analysis of variance show that wood type has a significant influence on chromatic characteristics, on vanilline reactive flavans, on low molecular weight phenolics and on astringency of wines. The effect depends on the type of wine. Therefore, both traditional and alternative wood containers could be used as an instrument to regulate the polymerization, oxidation and copigmentation reaction of wine phenolics and the sensory properties of red wine. The maturation in chestnut wood could be an interesting challenge to widen the supply of red wines maturated in wood, but its use needs more care than oak.