静态乳化器

为提高乳化炸药生产过程的安全性,开发新的本质安全的静态乳化器势在必行。静态乳化器由敞口、低转速的粗乳器和精乳器组成,精乳器为静态混合器,两者之间由螺杆泵衔接。通过理论计算和试验研究,确定了静态乳化器的主要技术参数。目前,静态乳化器已成功用于乳化地面站,产品性能稳定,完全满足有关国家标准的要求。静态乳化器的研发可以大大改善乳化炸药生产过程中的安全性,避免因设备自身设计缺陷引起的爆炸等恶性安全事故,提高炸药生产企业的安全生产水平,提升我国工业炸药的生产技术水平。     

提升乳化炸药乳化工序安全性的措施

乳化炸药仍是我国工业炸药的主要品种,分析十余起乳化炸药生产安全事故,得出乳化工序为关键工序。基于已有的安全连锁功能和乳化器振动监测系统,加强生产线控制系统的自检和故障自诊断更有利于安全生产,采用初乳和静态精乳技术将大幅度提升生产过程的本质安全性。     

乳化炸药全静态乳化器流场数值模拟分析

分析了国内外乳化炸药乳化器的发展现状及趋势。设计了乳化炸药全静态乳化器。对全静态乳化器的流场数值进行了模拟分析,对水相射入速度为10、15、20 m/s和25 m/s时内部流场情况进行了仿真对比和生产试验。结果表明:采用水相对射的方式,有利于油水相的混合;随着水相射入速度的提高,湍动能强度逐渐增大,油相分散得也更加均匀,有利于乳化。     

粉状乳化炸药常压连续乳化器的原理及现场应用

常压一级连续乳化器是粉状乳化炸药生产线的关键设备,它无需预乳设备、轴端没有机械密封、里外相通、内部压力为常压;用于粉状乳化炸药的连续化生产,生产能力为1.5~5.0t/h。本文简述了北京矿冶研究总院研制的常压一级连续乳化器的结构原理,以及现场应用的情况。它的成功应用提高了粉状乳化炸药的爆轰性能以及生产的安全性和可操作性。     

静态乳化器在包装型乳化炸药生产中的应用

介绍了静态乳化器在多条包装乳化炸药生产线中的应用情况,总结了不同使用条件下的各种技术参数。生产表明:CJFQ型静态乳化器是一种没有机械搅拌、无螺杆泵输送基质的具有本质安全性的新型静态乳化器,可以满足2.0~9.0 t/h产能范围的包装炸药生产需求,乳化力强,乳胶粒子直径在0.8μm左右,分布均匀。所产乳胶基质能适应化学敏化、复合敏化等各种敏化形式。敏化完成后,乳化炸药的各项性能参数均优于国家标准,储存稳定性优于动态乳化。     

乳化器和螺杆泵爆炸事故原因分析及其防范对策

通过对近年来乳化炸药生产线由于设备原因而发生爆炸事故的统计,分析乳化器、螺杆泵在运行中发生爆炸的原因,提出乳化器的安全防范措施和乳化炸药生产安全性的技术发展方向.     

现场混装乳化炸药静态敏化器混合特性研究

为了研究现场混装乳化炸药静态敏化器的混合特性以及安全性,釆用数值模拟和试验相结合的方法,分析了设计的静态敏化器的混合机理、参数变化对混合流场特性的影响规律以及其混合安全性,对比分析了两种混合单元组合方式下乳化基质与敏化剂的混合效果。研究表明:两种不同结构的混合单元能起到让乳化基质与敏化剂初步混合和强化混合的作用;当乳化基质、敏化剂混合流流经静态混合单元时,压力值在乳化基质管路安全泵送的压力范围内,应用安全;在两个缩径混合单元中间加一个网状结构混合单元组成的静态敏化器具有良好的混合敏化效果。     

现场混装乳化炸药静态敏化器混合特性研究

为了研究现场混装乳化炸药静态敏化器的混合特性以及安全性,采用数值模拟和试验相结合的方法,分析了设计的静态敏化器的混合机理、参数变化对混合流场特性的影响规律以及其混合安全性,对比分析了两种混合单元组合方式下乳化基质与敏化剂的混合效果.研究表明:两种不同结构的混合单元能起到让乳化基质与敏化剂初步混合和强化混合的作用;当乳化基质、敏化剂混合流流经静态混合单元时,压力值在乳化基质管路安全泵送的压力范围内,应用安全;在两个缩径混合单元中间加一个网状结构混合单元组成的静态敏化器具有良好的混合敏化效果.     

浅谈乳化炸药生产预乳工艺的安全性

浅谈乳化炸药生产预乳工艺的安全性王成禹云南安宁化工厂（昆明，６５０３０１）近年来，乳化炸药生产中发生的几起燃烧爆炸事故，有的是在基质生产部分发生。现就生产工艺安全问题提出个人看法。１乳化炸药生产线的工艺概况乳化炸药生产工艺大致可分为间断式、半连续式（...     

乳化炸药用乳化器筒体和固定搅拌齿的选材探讨

文章以生产化炸药用乳化器固定搅拌齿与转子搅拌齿发生碰撞时对乳化炸药的冲量为基础，提出了保证两搅拌齿间不发生碰撞的具体有效措施，从而改善了乳化器的性能，并提高了该设备的安全生产程序。     

油罐车加油时静电测试研究

本文通过对油罐车在加油时油中静电电荷密度进行测试和研究 ,得到了影响静电电荷密度大小的一些规律 ,研究结果对防止静电放电有重要的意义。     

物理法在水处理中的应用

本文介绍了静电技术和磁技术的作用机理及其在水处理中的应用。与化学方法相比,物理方法具有许多显著的优点,因此．对水处理物理方法的研究将有助于水处理工艺和设备的更新换代。水处理物理方法对水系统的一些物理化学性质有显著影响,将水处理物理方法中所涉及到的电、磁、声、光等与异常复杂的水系统作用的微观机制进行深入地研究,已成为自然科学研究的一项重大课题。     

三维力传感器静态解耦算法的研究与应用

介绍了三维腕力传感器维间耦合基本原理,并建立了耦合误差模型,阐述了传感器静态标定的基本方法。对传统的基于求解矩阵广义逆的静态解耦算法中容易产生病态矩阵,进而影响解耦稳定性和精度的问题进行了研究。提出了基于耦合误差建模的静态解耦算法。对十字梁型三维腕力传感器进行静态标定试验,使用2种解耦算法对标定数据进行分析。试验结果表明,基于耦合误差建模的静态解耦算法具有高可靠性和高解耦精度,且能够反应各维力之间的耦合关系。     

The determination of volume ratios by gas depletion through multiple expansions

We present a new technique for the determination of the volume ratio of two vacuum chambers connected through a valve. The method is based on the measurement of the pressure in a chamber filled with a gas that is repeatedly depleted by expansion in a second chamber that was previously evacuated. Our calculation shows that under the reported measurement conditions, this technique has an uncertainty comparable to that obtained from the gas accumulation technique [Elliott KWT, Clapham PB.The accurate measurement of the volume ratios of vacuum vessels. NPL Report MOM 28, January 1978]. An excellent equivalence between the results obtained with this new technique and the measurements obtained by the gas accumulation technique is demonstrated.     

The influence of sulphur content on the static recrystallisation of cold worked low carbon aluminium-killed strip steels

The static recrystallisation (SRX) after cold work was studied in four low carbon Al-killed steels with varying sulphur content ranging from 2 to 140 ppm. The sulphur had an indirect but significant effect on the SRX behaviour by the presence of coarse MnS particles on which the AlN precipitated heterogeneously during coiling after hot rolling. The mean size of the AlN/MnS compound particles was generally too coarse to be effective for Zener-pinning of moving boundaries during recrystallisation thereby rendering the AlN ineffective in influencing the SRX process. In the low sulphur content steels, however, with virtually no MnS present, very fine AlN nucleated homogeneously in the matrix or heterogeneously on grain boundaries or dislocations during coiling, with size often less than 30 nm in diameter. These AlN particles were more effective in Zener-pinning of dislocations and moving recrystallisation fronts, thereby retarding the start of SRX by up to 100 times at low coiling temperatures of about 600 °C.     

一种用智能型阀门定位器改变调节阀静态特性的方法

本文简单介绍了定位器的基本原理及主要作用，详细说明了一种如何通过改变智能型阀门定位器的性能特性来改变调节阀静态特性的方法。     

Side pressure anomalies in 2D packings of frictionless spheres

The pressure in a dish filled with resting sand quickly saturates downward as a consequence of friction forces. This fact is often quoted to introduce granular material as a distinctive form of matter that exhibits behaviour rather different from that of ordinary liquids. One would expect that hydrostatics is fully recovered when friction is switched off. Here we demonstrate in a simple model system that even frictionless grains manifest unanticipated properties. First, wall induced layering in combination with a wedge effect leads to extremely large local pressures near the walls at the bottom of rectangular containers, and this feature does not vanish for diverging container width. Second, for monodisperse packings the average horizontal force is much weaker on the side walls than the hydrostatic value, but approaches the latter for increasing polydispersity. Third, the average sidewall force shows marked oscillations as a function of container width, which can be considered as a measure of wall-to-wall correlations.     

Static strain ageing behaviour of dual phase steels

In this work an investigation was conducted into the cold deformation ageing susceptibility of a carbon steel and a microalloyed steel, both with dual phase micro-structure. Ageing experiments after different prestrains were carried out at temperatures ranging from 25 to 250 °C. It was found that yield strength (YS) and tensile strength (UTS) of the steels with different dual phase micro-structures exhibit maximum values at ageing temperature of 100 °C after different prestrains. It is assumed that the first rise is based on the formation of solute atom atmospheres around dislocations and the further strengthening in the second step is caused by the low-temperature carbide precipitation in ferrite. When the ageing temperature increased to 150, 200 or 250 °C, YS decreased due to tempering effect in martensite. It was also found that the ageing of the microalloyed steel occurred more slowly than that of the carbon steel. The slow occurrence of ageing was clearly observed at temperatures of 100, 150, 200 and 250 °C and was attributed to the chemical composition of the steels.     

Static and Fatigue Performance of Weld-Bonded Stainless Steel Joints

Recent published works in the field of weld-bonding present new results relevant to the manufacturing of structural metal joints. The set-up of process parameters, the selection of adhesives and the basic understanding of the long-term performance of these joints in hostile environments are now sufficiently well established for industrial implementation. However, it is still difficult to find reliable data in the open literature that may assist project and design engineers in choosing to replace conventional spot-welded and/or adhesive-bonded by weld-bonded joints. Important gaps of knowledge can still be found on the evaluation and understanding of the static and fatigue performance of these joints. This work addresses the aforementioned difficulties by evaluating the influence of the adhesives and of the applied load characteristics on the mechanical performance of weld-bonded structural metal joints. The presentation is supported by laboratory controlled experimental procedures using stainless steel test specimens and two different types of commercial adhesives.