两座100m高薄壁结构冷却塔控制爆破拆除

根据冷却塔高、质量大、壁厚薄以及周围环境复杂等特点,制定了安全可靠的爆破方案。通过采用高卸荷槽复式切口爆破拆除技术,选择合适的爆破参数,采取合理的预处理措施和相应的安全防护措施,对两座100m高薄壁结构冷却塔成功实施了控制爆破拆除。降低了冷却塔爆破振动效应,实现了冷却塔爆破拆除精准定向。振动测试结果显示,冷却塔爆破拆除产生的振动速度均在安全允许范围内,证实了振动控制措施的有效性和实用性,可为同类爆破拆除工程提供参考。     

两座90m高冷却塔控制爆破拆除

介绍了复杂环境下采用控制爆破拆除技术成功爆破拆除两座90m高冷却塔的工程实例。通过在倒塌方向塔身布置10m高卸荷槽和三角形定向窗组成的复合切口,并对预处理后冷却塔稳定性进行校核,确定合理的爆破参数和起爆网路,仅对24对人字柱实施爆破拆除,实现了冷却塔边倾倒边解体。同时采取开挖减振沟和铺设缓冲垫层等安全防护措施,使冷却塔倒塌触地振动得到有效控制,取得了理想的爆破效果,可为同类工程提供参考。     

两座90m高冷却塔控制爆破拆除

介绍了复杂环境下采用控制爆破拆除技术成功爆破拆除两座90m高冷却塔的工程实例。通过在倒塌方向塔身布置10m高卸荷槽和三角形定向窗组成的复合切口,并对预处理后冷却塔稳定性进行校核,确定合理的爆破参数和起爆网路,仅对24对人字柱实施爆破拆除,实现了冷却塔边倾倒边解体。同时采取开挖减振沟和铺设缓冲垫层等安全防护措施,使冷却塔倒塌触地振动得到有效控制,取得了理想的爆破效果,可为同类工程提供参考。     

定向爆破冷却塔的安全分析及安全防护措施

文章结合冷却塔定向爆破拆除的实例,分别介绍了由爆破引起的爆破飞石、爆破振动、塌落振动、碎碴飞溅和爆破烟尘等爆破安全问题,并对这些问题进行了分析,提出进一步提高爆破安全的技术措施.实践证明,只要安全技术措施得当,各种爆破安全问题是可以得到有效控制的.     

国内冷却塔拆除爆破设计综述

统计了几十座国内冷却塔的爆破拆除的案例,结合这些工程案例和以往的工程经验,归纳了冷却塔爆破拆除的特点和选择合理的爆破切口、爆破参数、起爆网路及振动控制的方法,最后总结了冷却塔在爆破切口、预拆除处理以及安全防护方面的内容。     

复杂条件下85m高钢筋混凝土冷却塔控制爆破拆除

控制爆破拆除复杂环境下85m高钢筋混凝土冷却塔,是国内迄今为止爆破拆除最高的冷却塔。爆破采用预开天窗和减荷槽的复式爆破缺口,选择合理的爆破参数,并采用封闭式防护和开挖减振沟及铺设缓冲垫层等安全防护措施,爆破达到了定向准确、安全、破碎好的效果,为类似爆破工程提供参考。     

复杂环境61 m高双曲线冷却塔拆除爆破

为成功拆除复杂环境下1座61 m高的冷却塔,根据其周边环境及结构特点,采用定向倒塌方案。首先采用机械方法开设定向窗和减荷槽,随后对19对人字柱进行爆破,使用毫秒延时爆破技术,控制单段起爆药量,成功完成拆除爆破。对拆除爆破后冷却塔的倒塌情况进行分析,冷却塔按照设计方向倒塌,解体完全,爆破振动以及触地振动控制在合理范围之内。爆破后周边民房、办公室等设施未损坏,证明本次拆除爆破效果良好,达到了预期效果,可为类似工程提供参考。     

复杂环境61m高双曲线冷却塔拆除爆破

为成功拆除复杂环境下1座61 m高的冷却塔,根据其周边环境及结构特点,采用定向倒塌方案.首先采用机械方法开设定向窗和减荷槽,随后对19对人字柱进行爆破,使用毫秒延时爆破技术,控制单段起爆药量,成功完成拆除爆破.对拆除爆破后冷却塔的倒塌情况进行分析,冷却塔按照设计方向倒塌,解体完全,爆破振动以及触地振动控制在合理范围之内.爆破后周边民房、办公室等设施未损坏,证明本次拆除爆破效果良好,达到了预期效果,可为类似工程提供参考.     

冷却塔群爆破拆除与安全防护技术探讨

为了解决同时爆破拆除4座105m高的冷却塔在坍塌过程中相互叠加增大坍塌振动危害的问题,需要适当增加塔间延时时间,现有的毫秒及半秒导爆管雷管难以安全实现。将待拆冷却塔以每塔1个爆区划分为4个爆区,采用控制爆破方法及延时爆破技术,使用秒延时雷管组成的起爆网路实施爆破,使其依次倾倒。采用段间时差长,段内误差大的秒延时雷管,实现了爆破方案设计的延时效果,保证了网路安全,避免了4座冷却塔在坍塌中相互叠加时增大坍塌振动的危害,爆破取得圆满成功,为类似工程爆破拆除提供参考。     

复杂环境下90 m高冷却塔的爆破拆除

根据冷却塔结构特点及其周边复杂环境情况,充分利用原开设缺口,合理布置减荷槽和定向窗简化爆破切口。针对钻爆参数及爆破网路进行优化设计,采取定向爆破倒塌方案。倒塌形式实质上是塔体扭曲变形失稳,具有倾倒趋势的坍塌或原地坐塌,使冷却塔在爆破过程中因自重作用而扭曲变形并触地解体,有效减少二次解体的工作量。针对电厂的特殊情况,爆破采用非电导爆管起爆系统起爆,最终成功实施了冷却塔的定向爆破拆除;通过稳定性验算确保预拆除安全;通过有效的防护体系和安全措施确保将爆破振动、个别飞散物和空气冲击波等爆破危害效应控制在安全允许范围内。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

The Influence of Nitrogen and Boron Implant into Silicon Substrate on the Phase and Internal Stress of c-BN Films

Cubic boron nitride(c-BN) film was deposited on a Si (100) substrate by the RF-magnetron sputtering.The mainly problems for fabrication of c-BN films are the low purity and high intrinsic compressive stress. In order to solve the two problems, the c-BN film with the buffer interlayer was deposited on the substrate which had been implanted with nitrogen and/or boron ions. The results show: the implantation of nitrogen ions can obviously increase c-BN content and reduce the internal stress slightly; while the implantation of boron shows no obvious improvement to the content of c-BN, which can reduce the internal stress in the film obviously. In addition, it is suggested that the implantation of nitrogen and boron shows the best result, which not only can increase the content of c-BN, but also reduce the internal stress in the c-BN film obviously.