CMOS有源像素传感器特性分析与优化设计

设计了一个三管有源像素和其用开关电容放大器实现的双采样读出电路.该电路被嵌入一64×64像素阵列CMOS图像传感器,在Chartered公司0.35μm工艺线上成功流片.在8μm×8μm像素尺寸下实现了57%的填充因子.测得可见光响应灵敏度为0.8V/(lux·s),动态范围为50dB.理论分析和实验结果表明随着工艺尺寸缩小,像素尺寸减小会使光响应灵敏度降低.在深亚微米工艺条件下,较深的n阱/p衬底结光电二极管可以提供合理的填充因子和光响应灵敏度.     

Design,Analysis,and Optimization of a CMOS Active Pixel Sensor

设计了一个三管有源像素和其用开关电容放大器实现的双采样读出电路. 该电路被嵌入一64×64像素阵列CMOS图像传感器，在Chartered公司0.35μm工艺线上成功流片. 在8μm×8μm像素尺寸下实现了57%的填充因子. 测得可见光响应灵敏度为0.8V/(lux·s)，动态范围为50dB. 理论分析和实验结果表明随着工艺尺寸缩小，像素尺寸减小会使光响应灵敏度降低. 在深亚微米工艺条件下，较深的n阱/p衬底结光电二极管可以提供合理的填充因子和光响应灵敏度.     

A New CMOS Image Sensor with a High Fill Factor and the Dynamic Digital Double Sampling Technique

介绍了基于0.35μm工艺设计的单片CMOS图像传感器芯片.该芯片采用有源像素结构,像素单元填充因数可达到43%,高于通常APS结构像素单元30%的指标.此外还设计了一种数字动态双采样技术,相对于传统的双采样技术(固定模式噪声约为0.5%),数字动态双采样技术具有更简洁的电路结构和更好抑制FPN噪声的效果.传感器芯片通过MPW计划采用Chartered 0.35μm数模混合工艺实现.实验结果表明芯片工作良好,图像固定模式噪声约为0.17%.     

基于标准CMOS工艺的有源像素单元结构的研究

基于标准N阱互补金属氧化物半导体集成电路(CM O S)工艺,设计了P /N-w e ll/P-sub光电管结构和传统的N /P-sub光电管结构的有源像素单元。像素单元面积为100μm×100μm,感光面积百分比分别为77.6%和89%,采用了上华0.6μm两层金属两层多晶硅CM O S工艺研制。测试分析结果表明P /N-w e ll/P-sub结构在暗电流大小,光照响应信号大小,感光灵敏度和感光动态范围上均优于传统的N /P-sub结构。通过改变复位信号频率,将P /N-w e ll/P-sub结构像素的感光动态范围提高到139.8 dB,改善了有源像素的感光性能。     

一种具有高填充因数和动态数字双采样技术的CMOS图像传感器

介绍了基于0.35μm工艺设计的单片CMOS图像传感器芯片.该芯片采用有源像素结构,像素单元填充因数可达到43%,高于通常APS结构像素单元30%的指标.此外还设计了一种数字动态双采样技术,相对于传统的双采样技术(固定模式噪声约为0.5%),数字动态双采样技术具有更简洁的电路结构和更好抑制FPN噪声的效果.传感器芯片通过MPW计划采用Chartered 0.35μm数模混合工艺实现.实验结果表明芯片工作良好,图像固定模式噪声约为0.17%.     

高帧频高灵敏度线列PIN-CMOS图像传感器研究

设计了一款高帧频高灵敏度双通道16元线列PIN-CMOS图像传感器。相对于传统的pn结光电二极管,PIN光电二极管具有结电容小和量子效率高的优点,可以降低CTIA像素电路的噪声,提高信噪比;同时采用一种新型的相关双采样电路结构,可以在边积分边读出的模式下实现相关双采样,抑制像素复位带来的KTC噪声。基于0.35μm PIN-CMOS工艺进行了线列CMOS图像传感器流片,并对器件的光电性能进行了测试。测试结果表明:在像元尺寸为90μm×90μm,700nm波长下,器件灵敏度达3000V/(lx·s),量子效率为96%;在40kHz高帧频、0.05lx光照条件下器件信噪比为7,适于弱信号下的高速探测。     

基于CMOS集成有源传感器的 新型高能物理粒子轨迹追踪器

本文研究了一个采用标准0.35μm CMOS 工艺制造的新型高能物理粒子轨迹追踪器.这个新型的追踪器运用CMOS有源像素传感器技术(CMOS Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors,MAPS)将信号的探测与处理电路集成在一起,在像素的内部实现了相关双次采样操作(Correlated Doubled Sampling,CDS).实验芯片包含一个128行×32列的像素矩阵,其中,像素的大小为25×25μm².通过采用放射源⁵⁵Fe的测定, 得到像素的等效输入随机噪声 (Temporal Noise) 仅为12个电子而固定噪声(Fixed Pattern Noise,FPN)仅为4个电子.传感器的电荷-电压转换系数(Charge-to-Voltage conversion Factor,CVF)为60μV/e^-.测试中,芯片的信号读取速度达到了12μs/帧.     

大面阵CMOS快照模式焦平面读出电路设计分析

针对一款大面阵(640×512元)快照模式制冷型红外焦平面用的读出电路进行了初步分析验证.该读出电路采用改进DI结构,先积分后读出的积分控制模式,像素尺寸为25μm×25μm,芯片已在0.5μm双硅双铝(DPDM)标准CMOS工艺下试制.首先对该电路结构及工作原理进行分析,并对输入级等电路的传输特性进行仿真验证,最后给出探测器阵列与读出电路芯片互连后的测试结果.结果表明该读出电路适用于小像素、大规模的红外焦平面阵列.     

CMOS图像传感器中时间延迟积分的实现与优化

提出了一种在标准CMOS工艺下实现时间延迟积分(TDI)功能的电路结构,电路采用一面阵CMOS像素阵列,通过像素列曝光累积实现了TDI功能.详细分析了器件噪声和积分器噪声对电路的影响,提出了器件级噪声优化公式.电路采用SMIC 0.35 μm CMOS工艺实现.仿真结果表明,该电路能够实现TDI功能,运算放大器的等效输入噪声为36.1 μV,具有低噪声特性.     

高光谱成像用高帧频CMOS图像传感器北大核心

针对高帧频、全局曝光和光谱平坦等成像应用需求,设计了一款高光谱成像用CMOS图像传感器。其光敏元采用PN型光电二极管,读出电路采用5T像素结构。采用列读出电路以及高速多通道模拟信号并行读出的设计方案来获得低像素固定图像噪声(FPN)和非均匀性抑制。芯片采用ASMC 0.35μm三层金属两层多晶硅标准CMOS工艺流片,为了抑制光电二极管的光谱干涉效应,后续进行了光谱平坦化VAE特殊工艺,并对器件的光电性能进行了测试评估。电路测试结果符合理论设计预期,成像效果良好,像素具备积分可调和全局快门功能,最终实现的像素规模为512×256,像元尺寸为30μm×30μm,最大满阱电子为400 ke^(-),FPN小于0.2%,动态范围为72 dB,帧频为450 f/s,相邻10 nm波段范围内量子效率相差小于10%,可满足高光谱成像系统对CMOS成像器件的要求。     

GEMNET: a generalized, shuffle-exchange-based, regular, scalable,modular, multihop, WDM lightwave network

GEMNET is a generalization of shuffle-exchange networks and it can represent a family of network structures (including ShuffleNet and de Bruijn graph) for an arbitrary number of nodes. GEMNET employs a regular interconnection graph with highly desirable properties such as small nodal degree, simple routing, small diameter, and growth capability (viz. scalability). GEMNET can serve as a logical (virtual), packet-switched, multihop topology which can be employed for constructing the next generation of lightwave networks using wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM). Various properties of GEMNET are studied     

Thermodynamics of copper matte converting: Part III. Steady-state volatilization of Au,Ag, Pb,Zn, Ni,Se, Te,Bi, Sb,and As from slag,matte, and metallic copper

A comprehensive compilation of various thermodynamic data required for a complete analysis of copper matte converting reactions is presented. The data comprise estimated free energies of formation for such gases as SeO, SeS, TeO, TeS, BiO, BiS, SbO, SbS, AsO, and AsS, as well as activity coefficients in dilute copper alloys and vapor pressures of various elements and compounds. The volatilization of minor elements in steady-state reactors comprising gas and several condensed phases is mathematically formulated, and a parameter which governs the volatilization in such reactors is defined and named volatilization constant. The vapor pressures of various volatile species are calculated thermodynamically for the Noranda Process reactor by assuming equilibrium conditions. The volatilization constants of various minor elements are expressed explicitly as functions of oxygen and sulfur activities. Formerly Associate Professor, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT     

Bits, symbols, bauds, and bandwidth

The use of clear, concise, and unambiguous language in telecommunications engineering is vital to communicate a desired meaning and understanding. Terminology should be based on rigorous engineering principles and traceable to well known and dependable sources. This article deals with four everyday terms commonly encountered in the popular semi-technical press as well as in serious engineering periodicals. The misuse of these and other terms can lead to low-balled cost proposals, court litigation, and patent infringement cases. Imagine how an engineering student can be confused when she/he typically encounters bandwidth measured in bits per second     

Novel planar, square-shaped, dielectric-waveguide, single-, and dual-mode filters

This paper presents a novel concept of a square-shaped dielectric-waveguide resonator, which can easily realize a dielectric-waveguide cross-coupled filter or a dielectric-waveguide dual-mode filter, using the conventional printed circuit board (PCB) process. This planar dielectric-waveguide resonator has a higher Q value than a microstrip resonator. The physical mechanisms of both single- and dual-mode filters are elucidated. Some new coupling structures are developed for undergoing the PCB process. Filter design procedures are detailed. Design curves for the coupling coefficients of internal- and external-coupling structures are determined by full-wave finite-element-method electromagnetic calculations. Measurement results are highly consistent with theory for all trial filters. This study offers an effective means of producing low-cost high-performance planar circuit filters.     

PBX技术.市态.营销.选购

本文介绍了ＰＢＸ交换机的技术及市场需求态势。并提出ＰＢＸ产品的营销要素及其用户在选购时应遵循的原则。     

Dilemmas,uncertainty, risks,and board performance

This paper traces the origins of the words risk, uncertainty, governance and development and argues that a deeper understanding of each allows more effective decision taking in the boardroom. It argues that the role of the board of directors is to balance and rebalance continuously their irresolvable dilemma — ‘how do we drive our enterprise forward while keeping it under prudent control?’ It argues that it is the board’s role to focus on uncertainty, rather than risk, and this requires a different set of intellectual skills from board members to be able to cope with monitoring a range of diverse scenarios. This is crucial for a board to develop stronger ways of both leading their organisation and of ensuring the connectedness of the learning within and between the board and the operational unit’s risk taking. It advocates that to achieve this a board must develop new ways of learning — especially of thinking strategically and becoming more sensitised to the dynamics of their changing external environments. This will take them well beyond the comforts of their specialist managerial disciplines and into the true world of directing. The paper demonstrates the importance of continuous learning in reducing organisational uncertainty and risk. It uses the ‘Learning Board’ process and model as the central processor of both strategic and operational learning to create an annual rhythm for the board’s year.