热处理工艺对27SiMn钢力学性能的影响

27SiMn液压支架管经过调质热处理来实现其良好的综合力学性能.采用四因素三水平的热处理正交试验,研究了不同热处理工艺参数（淬火温度、淬火保温时间、回火温度和回火保温时间）对力学性能的影响,并确定了最优热处理工艺制度为930℃,40 min淬火和480℃,50 min回火.经最优热处理工艺处理后,其力学性能为：屈服强度895 MPa,抗拉强度1030MPa,伸长率15%,断面收缩率54%,冲击功53.3 J,满足了GB/T 17396—1998标准中对27SiMn钢的性能要求.     

Use of small punch test to estimate the mechanical properties of powder metallurgy products employed in the automotive industry

Abstract

Powder metallurgy is a manufacturing technology widely used, especially in the automotive sector. In order to assure the quality of these components different conventional tests are employed directly on the final product, but in order to mechanically characterise the sintered material, standard mechanical tests can only be performed onto samples compacted and sintered in controlled conditions similar to the ones used in the real production. The final mechanical properties of these products after compacting and sintering are the input needed to define and analyze new geometries and products. The use of the small punch test (SPT) to mechanically characterise in a direct way the final sintered products was explained in this research work and the regressions to determine the tensile mechanical properties of the aforementioned products were also developed.     

An adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system-based modelling to predict mechanical properties of hot-rolled TRIP steel

A model based on adaptive neural network formalism coupled with fuzzy inference system has been developed to predict mechanical properties of hot-rolled TRIP steel. The developed model incorporates a wide range of data containing chemical compositions, thermo-mechanical processing parameters and mechanical properties of hot-rolled TRIP steel. A compact set of process variables has been selected as the model inputs for predicting tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and retained austenite under a given operating condition. The model predictions show that carbon, silicon and manganese content have a significant effect on the retained austenite which increases with the increased amount of these elements. The microalloying elements such as niobium and molybdenum have a little effect on the volume fraction of retained austenite. The present model provides a predictive platform for possible application of these artificial intelligence-based tools for automation, real-time process control and operator guidance in plant operation.     

热处理工艺对建筑用PC钢棒强韧性的影响

对PC钢棒淬火、回火的热处理工艺、强韧性及其组织和性能的关系进行了系统研究，发现屈强比主要受到淬火温度的影响，当回火温度控制在440－460℃时，能使强度和塑性达到最佳值。尽管在960－1000℃的温度区间淬火屈强比较低，但可以获得较细的显微组织。     

热处理对B1500HS钢激光拼焊板力学性能的影响

利用单轴拉伸试验机、扫描电子显微镜、能量色散谱仪、光学显微镜、维氏硬度仪等研究了热处理前后B1500HS钢激光拼焊板的淬火性能.结果表明：热处理前B1500HS钢拼焊板焊缝强度远高于母材区,硬度分布极不均匀;热处理后,B1500HS钢拼焊板的元素分布几乎没有变化,整体强度有了大幅的提高,但塑性下降程度较大,其中横向塑性最差,经维氏硬度测试,发现焊缝至母材区的硬度过渡平滑.硬度值平滑过渡使得应力和应变分布更加均匀,保证了母材和焊缝力学性能的良好连续性,可以显著提高B1500HS钢拼焊板的成形性能.     

热处理对1000MPa级工程机械结构用钢组织和性能的影响

设计了一种低碳Mn-Mo-Nb-Cu-B系超高强度工程机械结构用钢,研究了在同种成分条件下TMCP(thermo-mechan-ical control-process)+回火与控轧+直接淬火+回火两种工艺对钢组织和性能的影响.对比分析了热处理前后钢板各项力学性能和组织的变化.结果表明,两种工艺条件下钢的屈服强度和冲击性能的变化趋势相似,经500～620℃回火1h后钢的屈服强度均有大幅度提高.控轧+直接淬火+回火得到的钢板综合性能明显优于TMCP+回火,前者在600℃回火后屈服强度仍达到1000MPa以上,同时延伸率达到18%,-40℃冲击功大于30J,而后者塑性较好但强度稍低;随回火温度的升高,控轧+直接淬火+回火工艺条件下的组织演化速度要快于TMCP+回火工艺.     

热处理工艺对GH4706合金显微组织与力学性能的影响

为掌握热处理工艺对GH4706合金组织性能的影响规律,研究了A、B、MST三种热处理工艺与合金组织性能的相关关系.结果表明,GH4706合金的主要强化相为γ＇相与γ＇/γ″共析出相,η相附近易形成γ＇、γ″相贫化区.A工艺在中间时效阶段析出的大尺寸γ＇相与时效阶段析出的小尺寸γ＇/γ″共析出相能够起到错配强化的效果,增大合金的室温拉伸强度.室温下η相为脆性相,不利于室温拉伸塑性与冲击韧性,因而B工艺的室温塑性与冲击韧性最佳.高温下η相能够起到协调晶内与晶界变形的作用,提高合金的650℃/690 MPa持久寿命与塑性,但过量η相析出不利于合金的持久寿命.     

热处理对X90管线钢组织性能的影响

将焊接的与未焊接的X90管线钢固溶后保温不同时间,对其显微组织和拉伸性能进行了分析.结果表明,X90管线钢在不同保温时间下的组织均由多边形铁素体和粒状贝氏体组成.随着保温时间的延长,粒状贝氏体由弥散状变为团状,M-A岛的含量增多,铁素体平均晶粒尺寸增大.焊接的与未焊接的实验钢保温时间为30 min,抗拉强度分别达最高660 MPa和725 MPa;保温60 min时抗拉强度分别最低为603 MPa和647 MPa.析出强化和细晶强化对钢的力学性能都有贡献,在保温30 min时,析出强化占主导地位.热处理对X90管线钢的性能影响对于经过焊接的与未焊接的实验钢,表现出了同样的趋势.     

Modelling the influence of changing constructive parameters of multi-strand tundish on steel flow and heat transfer

The results of numerical simulation and industrial experiments on thermal and flow phenomena in a multi-strand tundish are presented before and after modernisation. The improvement of cast steel purity and the increase of continuous casting (CC) machine capacity was the basic aim of the research. The simplest action was to increase the height of the tundish side walls, so the working zone of tundish had a higher capacity and inside the working area a turbulence inhibitor was installed. Experimental measurements and numerical calculations enabled to estimate the steel velocity and temperature fields. The research focused on the determination of characteristics residence time distribution. Basing on them, the percentage volume of different flows (dead, dispersed plug, well-mixed) was calculated before and after modernisation, which enabled to evaluate the tundish working conditions. Additionally, they gave information about the influence of the multi-strand constructive changes on the hydrodynamics and thermal conditions.     

预备热处理对AMS 6308钢组织及性能的影响

 采用SEM、TEM和力学性能测试等手段,研究了预备热处理对AMS 6308钢组织及性能的影响。结果表明,980 ℃以下正火,随着温度的提高,M6C碳化物逐渐溶解,晶粒细小,淬火后马氏体板条均匀细小,碳化物呈球状或椭球状弥散分布在板条界和晶界上,碳化物体积分数和位错密度较高,强度和冲击值逐渐增加。980 ℃以上正火,M6C碳化物溶解增多,晶粒开始长大,淬火后马氏体板条束尺寸也长大,碳化物体积分数和位错密度下降,强度和冲击值降低。推荐的预备热处理制度：正火温度为980～1 010 ℃,回火温度为680～700 ℃,经性能热处理后,AMS 6308钢体现出良好的强韧性匹配。     

Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of plastic mold steel 10Ni2Cr2MnCuMoVAl

The effects of solution and aging treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of 10Ni2Cr2MnCuMoVAl plastic mold steel were experimentally studied. The results show that the dominant microstructure of 10Ni2Cr2MnCuMoVAl steel after solid solution treatment is lath martensite, and higher solution temperature results to larger width of martensite, while the highest value of hardness could be obtained after solution treatment at 890??. After aging, the microstructure consists of lath martensite, granular bainite and carbides. For steel aged at 460-520??, the strength of the material gradually increased with higher aging temperature, while the toughness decreased gradually. When the temperature exceeded 520??, higher temperature led to decreased hardness and increased toughness. Compared the mechanical properties of steel aged at 540?? for different time, the test steel reached the peak of mechanical properties at 8h. By comparing the mechanical properties of the test steels after different aging treatments, the optimized heat treatment process of 10Ni2Cr2MnCuMoVAl steel is solution treatment at 880?? for 2h with air cooling and tempering temperature at 540?? for 4h with air cooling.     

热处理制度对新型高强度不锈钢组织与性能的影响

新型高强度不锈钢属于马氏体时效硬化不锈钢,该钢采用二次硬化机理设计成分,添加多种强碳化物形成元素,添加高量Co细化M2X相,在合适的温度回火下,不仅具有高强度、高硬度,而且还有高的塑性与韧性,在航天航空领域有着广泛的应用前景。主要研究了热处理制度对新型高强度不锈钢组织与性能的影响,摸索出适合的热处理制度,保证钢获得强度与韧性的良好配合,为今后进一步研究和使用该钢提供试验依据。     

热处理和挤压对WE53镁合金组织与力学性能的影响

为提高WE系列生物镁合金的力学性能,采用重力铸造法制备了Mg-5Y-2Nd-1Gd-0.5Zr （质量分数,WE53）镁合金,并对铸态合金进行了固溶处理（T4）,固溶＋时效处理（T6）和挤压加工.利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察了合金的显微组织,并利用拉伸试验机和显微硬度计测试了合金室温力学性能.结果表明,铸态合金屈服强度为130 MPa,伸长率为10.2%,T6处理可显著提高铸态合金的强度和硬度,降低合金的伸长率;挤压变形明显提高合金的强度和硬度,伸长率与铸态相当.通过适当的热处理和挤压变形可显著改善WE53镁合金的力学性能.     

高铝TRIP钢的高温力学性能

利用Gleeble3500试验机研究汽车用C-Mn-Al系TRIP钢的高温力学性能,测定了零塑性温度和零强度温度,应用差示扫描量热法测定其相变区间,采用扫描电镜和光学显微镜分析了不同拉伸温度对应的断口宏观形貌及断口附近组织组成.该钢种零塑性温度和零强度温度分别为1425℃和1430℃,第Ⅰ脆性区间为1400℃-熔点,第Ⅲ脆性区间为800-925℃.第Ⅲ脆性区脆化的原因是α铁素体从γ晶界析出,试样从975℃冷却至700℃过程中,随着α铁素体析出比例的增大,断面收缩率先减小后增大.基体α铁素体比例为8.1%时（850℃）,断面收缩率降至28.9%;而拉伸温度在800℃以下时,基体α铁素体比例超过16.7%,断面收缩率回升至38.5%以上.该钢种在1275.6℃时开始析出少量粗大的Al N颗粒,但对钢的热塑性没有影响.     

控冷工艺对冷镦钢力学性能和显微组织的影响

对冷镦钢(SWRCH22A)进行两种不同控冷工艺试验,将获得的冷却曲线与该钢的CCT曲线结合分析得到该钢2种不同控冷工艺条件下关键控冷工艺参数.分析认为调节钢的实际冷却曲线位置可调节钢的强度,调节钢在铁素体相变区内的冷却速率来调节钢的屈强比.据此对控冷工艺进行优化,使产品力学性能和组织符合技术要求和用户的要求.     

The effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties in 52100 steel

An investigation was carried out to study the microstructure and mechanical properties of isothermally transformed AISI E 52100 steel. Heal treatments consisting of single and two cycle austenitization followed by isothermal holding resulted in duplex structures of martensite and bainite. In addition, high temperature austenitization led to large amounts of retained austenite at room temperature. Conventional oil quenching treatments were also performed for purposes of comparison. It was found that isothermal holding aboveM _s after single cycle austenitization resulted in a microstructure which had strength and toughness properties equivalent to quenched and tempered 52100. The two cycle austenitization treatment followed by isothermal holding led to a doubling of the fracture toughness at equivalent hardness and ultimate tensile strength levels relative to the properties of conventional quenched and tempered 52100 steel. The mechanical stability of retained austenite, present after two cycle austenitization, was examined. Although it was found that the presence of unstable retained austenite was associated with the best combination of strength and toughness, it cannot be unequivocally stated that the retained austenite influenced the mechanical properties. R. M. HORN, formerly with University of California, Berkeley     

Recent process in special steel,heat treatment and surface modification of automotive components

Demand of improving the mechanical properties and productivity of automotive components while minimizing environmental impact makes the development of special steel combined with advance heat treatment and surface modification technologies become an important research area. Recently,to reduce CO₂ emissions by saving the manufacturing time,the following new special steel and advance heat treatment methods were developed: （1 ） An anti-coarsening extra-fine case hardening steel for automobile gear was developed,whose carburizing temperature can be improved for conventional 930 - 950℃to 1 050℃without coarsening,and the carburizing time can be reduced by maximum 75%. （2） Various microalloyed steels for fracture splitting connecting rod were developed.By using the above-mentioned steel combined with Thermo Mechanical Control Process（TMCP） method,the manufacturing time can be reduced by 30%-40%. （3） Vacuum carburizing and mild carburizing combined with induction quenching are being developed to replace the traditional gas carburizing,and the CO₂ emissions can be reduced by 20%-40%. （4） Intensive quenching is another new quenching technology which can be defined as cooling usually with pure water quenchant or low concentration water/salt solutions at a rate several times higher than the rate of " normal" or conventional quenching,and the conventional effective case hardening depth can be reduce greatly and carburizing time can reduced. In addition,the high pressure gas quenching for reducing the quenching distortion and dual shot-peening for improving fatigue strength of gear will also be discussed. In a word,the present paper will focus on how to use the interaction among the development of special steel, advance heat treatment and surface modification to improve the strength of automotive components while reducing the manufacturing cost and impact to environment.     

模拟焊后消应力热处理样坯尺寸对厚板力学性能的影响

针对锅炉和压力容器钢钢板产品标准中模拟焊后消应力热处理样坯的建议尺寸为3T·3T·T这一要求,结合相关钢板产品信息,选择了不同钢级和规格的钢板,设计了三种不同尺寸的样坯进行了模拟焊后消应力热处理试验,并且取样进行力学性能测试。对拉伸和冲击试验结果进行分析之后得出,试验所用样坯尺寸对于试验结果并无明显影响,因此得出厚度50 mm以上并且淬透性较好的钢板可以用小试样代替标准规定的3T·3T·T的尺寸要求。     

热处理对316L/Q235复合板组织与力学性能的影响

 对热轧不锈钢复合板热处理前后状态进行了对比研究,利用扫描电镜对显微组织进行了观察和成分分析,利用维氏硬度计测量了试样硬度,通过剪切、拉伸试验对试样的力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,真空热轧复合板能实现良好复合,碳钢侧为铁素体和珠光体组织;不锈钢侧为奥氏体组织。热处理后试样界面结合性能提高,试样剪切强度、屈服强度和抗拉强度都相应提高。高温阶段快速冷却＋低温阶段缓慢冷却的热处理制度适用于316L/Q235不锈钢复合板热处理。