高炉中心加焦炉料分布机理及布料方式探讨

 针对当前常见的中心加焦装料过程,建立了布料过程中螺旋布料时溜槽内炉料颗粒复合运动的三维数学模型,并建立了炉料颗粒在空区内下落过程数学模型和在炉内堆积所形成料面形状及其径向矿焦比分布数学模型。通过将模型预测料面形状与高炉开炉实测料面形状进行对比,证明了模型的有效性。基于实际高炉参数,计算了13°完全中心加焦和20°小角度中心加焦时炉料落点分布和径向矿焦比分布。结果表明,由于中心加焦过程中部分炉料会分布在中间环带,使得实际中心加焦量减少,两者有效的中心加焦率分别为49.4%和70.4%,且在前者模式下形成了直径约为1.2 m的贯通的中心焦柱区域,而在后者条件下形成中心直径约为2.5 m的较大范围的低矿焦比分布柱状区域。最后,阐述了中心加焦技术原理,指出了当前中心加焦操作方式存在的问题,并探讨了高效布料方式,对指导实际高炉生产操作有着重要意义。     

Evaluation of Burden Descent Model for Burden Distribution in Blast Furnace

Mathematical models for burden descending process have been applied to obtain whole burden structures in blast furnace,whereas the accuracy of those burden descent models has not been sufficiently investigated.Special evaluation method based on timeline burden profiles was established to quantitatively evaluate the error between ex-perimental and modeled burden structures.Four existing burden descent models were utilized to describe the burden structure of a 1/20 scaled warm blast furnace.Input modeling conditions including initial burden profile,descending volumes in each time interval,and normalized descending velocity distribution were determined via special image pro-cessing technology.Modeled burden structures were evaluated combined with the published experimental data.It is found that all the models caught the main profile of the burden structure.Furthermore,the improved nonuniform de-scent model (Model IV)shows the highest level of precision especially when burden descends with unstable velocity distribution tendency.Meanwhile,the traditional nonuniform descent model (Model III)may also be desirable to model the burden descending process when the burden descending velocity presents a linear tendency.Finally,the uni-form descent model (Model I)might be the first option for roughly predicting burden structure.     

Radial gas distribution in the blast furnace top

Blast furnace process control heavily depends on good control of burden and gas distribution. For many blast furnaces this control relies on measurements with fixed above-burden probes. Therefore, an accurate knowledge of the gas flow between stockline and above-burden probes is of paramount importance. Measurements in the blast furnace top and calculations with a mathematical model are used to shed more light on the gas flow in the blast furnace top. It turned out that complex gas flows cause several differences between data at stockline level and at above-burden probe level. There is an acceleration of gas in the furnace centre due to the much higher temperature there. Gas from the colder intermediate region is therefore attracted towards the centre. There is hardly any influence of the inclination of the stockline. It is advisable to make the distance between stockline and above-burden probes as small as possible or to use some form of in-burden measurement.     

颗粒形状模型对高炉布料过程DEM模拟的影响

在高炉中,布料过程中的炉料运动行为和炉料分布直接影响高炉产能和能耗,而理解炉料的颗粒特性对炉料运动和炉料分布的影响至关重要,尤其是颗粒形状的影响.采用球形和非球形的离散单元法(Discrete Ele-ment Method,DEM)对4000 m3高炉的布料过程进行三维数值模拟,对比研究了不同颗粒形状模型对布料运动行...     

高炉布料数学模型的开发及应用

为研究炉料在炉内的分布,对武钢1号高炉在开炉前进行了料面测量,在获得的炉料堆积规律的基础上开发了高炉布料数学模型,利用开发的数学模型模拟炉料下落的轨迹,求解料面形状,计算炉料的O/C比分布,利用模型计算结果对不同布料矩阵的布料效果实行量化评估,结合高炉专家系统中有关煤气流分布的信息,可以及时对布料矩阵作出调整.     

Aspects of the control of charge distribution in a blast furnace with additional regulators

The development and introduction of a charging apparatus with a rotary distributor required additional study of the distribution of the charge materials in the top of the furnace and optimization of the charging regimes to ensure efficient, high-productivity operation of the blast furnace. Studies and previous blast-furnace operation at the West Siberian Metallurgical Combine have shown that a rotary distributor efficiently distributes the charge materials and the ore burden over the radius of the top of the furnace when the charging sequence is composed of a systematically repeating combination of rounds of ore-bearing materials and coke charged onto the surface of the stock in a certain order along certain trajectories. Smooth (auxiliary) control of the radial distribution of the ore-bearing materials and coke is accomplished by changing the thicknesses of the layers of these two charge components in different annular zones of equal size, as well as by shaping the initial stockline in such a way as to keep the ore-bearing materials from moving over the surface of the stock and falling into the peripheral zone of the top of the furnace.     

高炉上部炉型对炉料运动影响的数值模拟

高炉炉型对炉料在炉内运动规律有着决定性影响.以某企业高炉参数为原型,采用离散元方法对不同炉型条件下炉料运动进行了数值模拟,分析了炉料运动规律及其对矿焦比和孔隙率分布的影响.研究结果表明,在布料条件相同时,炉身角变小后,炉容扩大,炉料运动速度减缓;炉料下降过程中,矿石会向下降最快位置聚集,炉身角减小后,矿石边缘分布趋势更...     

Blast furnace stockline measurement using radar

Abstract

This paper presents a synergistic approach to stockline depth tracking within a blast furnace. Frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar can be used to measure the depth and surface profile of the burden surface; however, the radar signal is easily disturbed by radar anomalies during the process of continuous measurement. Data from the rotating chute and the charging signal provide information on the contextual relevance of these anomalies. An improved Kalman filter and anomaly detection model were developed to increase measurement accuracy by utilising contextual information. The approach was validated on production blast furnaces. The root mean squared (RMS) error in the measured depth was reduced by 17% when the proposed approach is used. The results suggest that this approach successfully adapts to changes in the pattern and characteristics of the burden surface.     

无钟布料料流轨迹激光测试与图像分析

针对高炉布料过程操作者无法直接观察炉内料流轨迹、料面形状等信息,利用光学原理,提出极坐标激光栅格测试技术,对料面进行标定测量.引入模式识别中的双目视觉技术进行轨迹检测,对布料轨迹图像采用边缘分析算子,优化算子阈值,获得布料过程中料流信息,重现料流轨迹的动态图像,为高炉布料模型提供数据支撑.     

包钢4#高炉降料线实践

包钢4#高炉于2008年4月13日采取空料线打水法降料线停炉项休。包钢4#高炉是国内第一座采用全干法除尘系统的2000m3以上级高炉。本文重点阐述包钢4#高炉降料线操作过程,并对比2007年4月包钢3#高炉降料线操作分析降料线过程中风量控制、铁次安排等对降料线结果的影响。     

南钢8号高炉炉墙结厚分析及处理

南钢炼铁新厂8号高炉（2 000m3）由于原料质量的不稳定、渣系的变化,上下部操作调剂的不匹配等原因造成炉身部位圆周方向结厚,通过采取＂降料线打水,强力疏松边缘气流,调整风口配置＂等措施,历时42天,炉墙粘结脱落,炉型规整,炉况恢复正常。     

并罐式无钟炉顶装料模式对料面炉料分布的影响

 为研究装料模式对并罐高炉料面炉料分布的影响,建立了国内某5 500 m3实际高炉并罐式无钟炉顶系统全模型,利用离散单元法分别对矿（A）-矿（B）-焦和矿-焦两种装料模式下炉料从矿焦槽运动至料面全过程进行数值计算,对比分析了装料模式对料面炉料分布的影响。结果表明,由于A矿与B矿布入料面时落点轨迹不重合,导致两种装料模式下料面炉料分布不同。在料面径向上,装料模式对料面矿石体积分布和矿焦比分布影响较小。在料面周向上,矿-矿-焦装料模式和矿-焦装料模式下料面矿石体积分布标准差分别为0.133和0.147,矿-矿-焦装料模式和矿-焦装料模式下料面矿焦比分布标准差分别为0.074和0.086,矿-矿-焦装料模式下矿石体积分布和矿焦比分布更均匀。     

高炉可视化与仿真技术的创新和实践

高炉可视化与仿真技术是监测高炉内装料和冶炼状况并用以指导高炉操作的新技术。高炉炉顶摄像仪和 热图像仪可在线观察炉内料面和炉顶设备的运行情况;激光探测仪可在线观察高炉生产时的料面形状;高炉风口 摄像仪实时观察高炉各个风口的工作状况与喷煤情况。利用激光技术进行开炉装料测量，得到装料设备的布料规 律;布料仿真模型可模拟高炉的布料和料面下降过程，用以检查和调整布料操作。高炉可视化技术已经在沙钢 5 800 m 3 高炉和中国大陆钢铁企业的500余座高炉以及中国台湾和国外钢铁企业的20多座高炉上得到应用。     

Coke Collapse Model and Collapse Profile Variation Law for Bell-Less Top BF

 The mathematical model of minimum safety factor that investigated the collapse trends of coke layer under different charging parameters was established firstly on the basis of the slope stabilization theory in soil mechanics, and then the model of burden profile after coke collapse was improved by adopting the predetermination of quadratic curve and energy correction methods. The research will provide theoretical evidences for describing the coke profile more accurately and technical direction for choosing suitable charging parameters of blast furnace. The results show that: it is helpful to improve the stability of coke layer with increasing chute inclining angle and length of the coke flat; when the main falling point of ore moves toward furnace wall or the coke flat is wider, the curve radian of burden profile after coke collapse becomes smaller; the ore to coke ratio distribution agrees with the gas top temperature measurement well under considering coke collapse comparing with the result of ignoring coke collapse.     

并罐式无钟炉顶布料料面中心研究

并罐式无钟炉顶的布料操作会产生蛇形偏析,形成不均匀的料面形状,导致料面透气性调节失控的问题。通过开炉布料料面形状的测试结果可知,并罐式无钟炉顶料面中心与高炉中心不重合,料面中心发生偏移。为了研究无钟布料过程中的料面分布情况,通过建立数学模型,计算炉料颗粒在高炉料面周向上的落点分布,根据落点分布得到料面对称中心位置,并将计算结果与开炉料面形状测试结果对比。根据分析计算结果,从理论出发,提出减小布料过程料流偏析的措施和建议。     

高炉炉料层状分布的计算方法

提出了高炉内炉料层状分布的分层计算方法,给出了典型装料制度下的高炉炉料分布的计算结果,按实际生产数据得出的上述计算结果有较好的适应性。     

无料钟炉顶布料实践及分析

在武钢2号高炉进行了串罐无料钟炉顶布料实践,分析了多角度中心加焦、折返布矿、拓宽布料区间等布料方式引起煤气流变化及改变煤气利用的原因,在2号高炉的原燃料条件下,采用折返布矿和拓宽布料区间的布料模式取得了较好的技术经济指标,布料模式的摸索还须继续;增加矿石层厚度或调整小粒度矿落点位置,可增大煤气阻力,有利于增加间接还原,提高煤气利用率;完善各种检测设备,开发和应用高精度布料技术,丰富高炉专家系统,可进一步优化高炉操作。     

小钟炉顶─—新型高炉炉顶装料设备再探

由位于中心喉管下方，一只或多只可各自围绕其炉心Ｒ处的转轴作水平回转的小料钟或刚性圆盘，与一只中空的固定截锥组成的以小钟（或其形状）为主要特征的新型高炉炉顶装料设备─—小钟炉顶，可在装料过程中连续形成多个或无数个不等高同心圆环的基本布料、方便快速的径向调剂、足够准确的不对称布料和减轻甚至消除炉料的粒度偏析现象，从而提高产量、降低焦比、保障炉况顺行。     

西门子S7-400控制器在龙钢高炉上料系统的应用

结合陕西龙门钢铁厂高炉槽上送料系统工艺流程复杂的特点,应用西门子S7-400高性能控制器,实现了各设备的手动控制、自动控制及料线选择;同时利用工业以太网实现了与上位机的数据通讯,实现了人机界面的结合。该系统自2010年运行以来,运行稳定可靠。